scholarly journals Influence of Oxidative Stress Generated by Smoking during Pregnancy on Glutathione Status in Mother-Newborn Pairs

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Mazur ◽  
Mariusz Ołtarzewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Glutathione Status ◽  
Immunoassay Technique ◽  
Negative Effect

Glutathione plays a key role in maintaining a physiological balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the human body. Therefore, we examined the influence of maternal smoking as a source of oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC) on reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), and reductase (GR) amount in maternal and umbilical cord blood in 110 (45 smoking and 65 non-smoking) mother-newborn pairs. Concentrations of glutathione status markers and TOC were evaluated by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. Plasma TOC levels were significantly higher and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is considered an index of the cell’s redox status, were significantly lower in smoking women and their offspring than in non-smoking pairs. Decreased GR levels were found in smoking mothers and their newborns compared with similar non-smoking groups. Although plasma GPx-3 concentrations were similar in both maternal groups, in the cord blood of newborns exposed to tobacco smoke in utero they were reduced compared with the levels observed in children of tobacco abstinent mothers. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoke impairs glutathione homeostasis in both the mother and the newborn. The severity of oxidative processes in the mother co-existing with the reduced potential of antioxidant systems may have a negative effect on the oxidative-antioxidant balance in the newborn.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Julita Szulimowska ◽  
Anna Skutnik ◽  
Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz ◽  
Anna Wasilewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Biomarker

There are still missing non-invasive biomarkers of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress indicators in the non-stimulated (NWS) and stimulated saliva (SWS) of CKD children (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 25). Salivary antioxidants (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), uric acid (UA), reduced glutathione (GSH), albumin), redox status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated. We have demonstrated the significantly higher activity of SWS GPx and SOD, as well as elevated concentrations of UA and albumin in NWS and SWS of CKD children vs. the control group. TAC, TOS and OSI were significantly higher only in SWS, while oxidative damage products (AGE, AOPP and MDA) were significantly higher in both NWS and SWS of CKD children. ROC analysis showed a considerably high diagnostic value of AOPP in both NWS and SWS of CKD children compared to controls (AUC = 0.92; 0.98). CKD is responsible for disturbances in salivary antioxidant systems and oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Salivary AOPP can be a potential biomarker of CKD in children.

scholarly journals Effects of Smoking during Pregnancy on DNA Damage and ROS Level Consequences in Maternal and Newborns’ Blood

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Aydogan ◽  
Emre Durmaz ◽  
Cihangir Mutlu Ercan ◽  
Ayse Eken ◽  
Onur Kenan Ulutas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Carcinogenic Substances ◽  
Plasma Nitrite ◽  
Stress Parameters

Some of the genotoxic/carcinogenic substances or metabolites in cigarette smoke are capable of passing through the placenta and harming a newborn’s health. Smoking is also known as a factor in the formation of oxidative damage and the main mechanism involved in the carcinogenic process. Predetermining this genotoxic risk can be successfully achieved by measuring certain parameters of oxidative stress. The comet assay is considered an important biomarker for the evaluation of genotoxic substances and is effective for detecting DNA damage caused by smoking. This study examined third trimester bloods and the cord blood of 28 actively smoking and 22 non-smoking mothers in terms of DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters. Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), plasma nitrite/nitrates (NO2 -/NO3 -), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GPx), Cu, and Zn levels were measured as indicators of oxidative damage. There were no significant increases in DNA damage of the actively smoking pregnant group in comparison with the non-smoking pregnant group, either in the third trimester or cord blood. Oxidative stress parameters of smoker and non-smoker groups were statistically different for MDA (p<0.05), CuZn-SOD (p<0.01), Se-GPx (p<0.05) values while the difference was not significant for NO2 -/NO3 -, CAT, Zn, and Cu values. The same values were also investigated in cord blood, and only NO2/NO3 -(p<0.01), Se-GPx (p<0.01 and CAT (p<0.001) values were found statistically different. Smoking mothers may have been exposed to more oxidative stress than non-smoking mothers.

scholarly journals Control of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Chemoresistance: Spotlight on Nrf2 Role

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Barrera ◽  
Marie Angele Cucci ◽  
Margherita Grattarola ◽  
Chiara Dianzani ◽  
Giuliana Muzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivators ◽  
Metabolic Remodeling

Chemoresistance represents the main obstacle to cancer treatment with both conventional and targeted therapy. Beyond specific molecular alterations, which can lead to targeted therapy, metabolic remodeling, including the control of redox status, plays an important role in cancer cell survival following therapy. Although cancer cells generally have a high basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which makes them more susceptible than normal cells to a further increase of ROS, chemoresistant cancer cells become highly adapted to intrinsic or drug-induced oxidative stress by upregulating their antioxidant systems. The antioxidant response is principally mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2, which has been considered the master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 expression is often increased in several types of chemoresistant cancer cells, and its expression is mediated by diverse mechanisms. In addition to Nrf2, other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators can participate to maintain the high antioxidant levels in chemo and radio-resistant cancer cells. The control of expression and function of these molecules has been recently deepened to identify which of these could be used as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of tumors resistant to conventional therapy. In this review, we report the more recent advances in the study of Nrf2 regulation in chemoresistant cancers and the role played by other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators in the control of antioxidant responses in chemoresistant cancer cells.

Administration of Antioxidants in the Infertile Male: When it may have a Beneficial Effect?.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Kopa ◽  
Marton Keszthelyi ◽  
Nikolaos Sofikitis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Live Birth Rate ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Antioxidant Treatment ◽  
Reductive Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are required for intact spermatogenesis and sperm function, but excessive levels will cause oxidative stress, impairing sperms and sperm function due to membrane damage and DNA fragmentation. Objective: Theoretically, antioxidant supplementation may act as a protecting system against free radicals. Since infertile males have higher levels of ROS, nutritional supplements are widely used for protecting sperms. In the recent review authors summarize the most recent data regarding the effect of antioxidant treatment and draw an attention of the limitations of antioxidant use in male infertility. Methods: The recent review gives an update of antioxidant treatment in male infertility. Results: Improvement of sperm parameters was reported in the majority of studies. Comparing different antioxidants versus placebo showed low certainty of evidence with a serious risk of bias, and there is a lack regarding certain doses, pregnancy rate, and live birth rate outcomes. Various clinical studies and randomized control trials reported even negative outcomes. Conflicting findings lead the attention to the study of biochemical features of the oxidant vs. antioxidant equilibrium. Higher exposure to antioxidants will result in „reductive stress”, which has harmful effects on sperm function, moreover can negatively influence embryo development. Reductive stress is as dangerous as oxidative stress and may act as a cause of different human pathologies. Conclusion: An intact balance of oxidant and antioxidant systems is required to normal sperm function. No guideline exists for the antioxidant dose regimen and treatment duration. Overdosing can result in reductive stress, which is also harmful to fertility and can cause several diseases. Assessment of the pre-treatment redox status can be recommended before the administration of exogenous antioxidants.

Evaluation of redox statuses in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Meng Tsai ◽  
Shu-Kai Lin ◽  
King-The Lee ◽  
Jen-Kuei Hsiao ◽  
Jung-Chih Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Aetiological Factor ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Glutathione Status ◽  
B Virus

Background Excess reactive oxygen species related to neoplasia of liver has been established. Essentially, the human body has developed different antioxidant systems for defence against these attacks. To evaluate the redox status in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV), the most important aetiological factor in Taiwan, changes in O2. generation, lipid peroxidation as well as antioxidant status in the blood of HCC patients with HBV carriers for more than 20 years were measured. Methods Superoxide anion radical (O2.−) generation and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) served as an index of lipid peroxidation along with the analyses of activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRx); also, glutathione status, including reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the levels of vitamins A, C and E were determined. Results In 54 patients, the levels of O2.−, MDA and GSSG, and the activities of SOD and GRx of blood were significantly higher than those of 57 controls. Conversely, the levels of GSH and total GSH, and GSH/GSSG ratio, and vitamins A and C were significantly decreased. Additionally, there were no significant changes in the activity of GPx and the levels of vitamin E. Conclusions Our data suggest that the redox statuses in patients with HBV-associated HCC were elevated or decreased in certain parameters. However, the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes may be a compensatory up-regulation and the decrease antioxidant statuses were responses to the enhanced oxidative stress in those patients.

scholarly journals Salivary Antioxidant Barrier, Redox Status, and Oxidative Damage to Proteins and Lipids in Healthy Children, Adults, and the Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Jerzy Robert Ładny
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oxidative Damage To Proteins

Despite the proven role of oxidative stress in numerous systemic diseases and in the process of aging, little is still known about the salivary redox balance of healthy children, adults, and the elderly. Our study was the first to assess the antioxidant barrier, redox status, and oxidative damage in nonstimulated (NWS) and stimulated (SWS) saliva as well as blood samples of healthy individuals at different ages. We divided 90 generally healthy people into three equally numbered groups based on age: 2–14 (children and adolescents), 25–45 (adults), and 65–85 (elderly people). Antioxidant enzymes (salivary peroxidase (Px), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD)), nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and uric acid (UA)), redox status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI)), and oxidative damage products (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) were evaluated in NWS and SWS as well as in erythrocyte/plasma samples. We demonstrated that salivary and blood antioxidant defense is most effective in people aged 25–45. In the elderly, we observed a progressive decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓SOD, ↓GSH, and ↓TAC in erythrocytes and plasma vs. adults) as well as in NWS (↓Px, ↓UA, and ↓TAC vs. adults) and SWS (↓TAC vs. adults). Both local and systemic antioxidant systems were less efficient in children and adolescents than in the group of middle-aged people, which indicates age-related immaturity of antioxidant mechanisms. Oxidative damage to proteins (↑AGE, ↑AOPP) and lipids (↑MDA) was significantly higher in saliva and plasma of elderly people in comparison with adults and children/adolescents. Of all the evaluated biomarkers, only salivary oxidative damage products generally reflected their content in blood plasma. The level of salivary redox biomarkers did not vary based on gender.

scholarly journals Distinct Roles of Shewanella oneidensis Thioredoxin in Regulation of Cellular Responses to Hydrogen and Organic Peroxides

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Feng ◽  
Weining Sun ◽  
Linggen Kong ◽  
Haichun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Organic Peroxides ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) antioxidant systems are deeply involved in bacterial response to oxidative stress, but to date, we know surprisingly little about the roles of these systems in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) other than hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, we used Shewanella oneidensis, an environmental bacterium, as a research model to investigate the roles of Trx and Grx in oxidative stress response because it has functionally intertwined ROS responsive regulators OxyR and OhrR. We found that Trx1 is the major thiol/disulfide redox system and that in its absence a Grx system becomes essential under normal conditions. Although overshadowed by Trx1 in the wild type, Trx2 can fully replace Trx1 in physiology when overproduced. Trx1 is required for OxyR to function as a repressor but, more importantly, plays a critical role in the cellular response to organic peroxide (OP) by mediating the redox status of OhrR but not OP scavenger OhrA. While none of the trx and grx genes are OxyR dependent, trxA and trxC are affected by OhrR indirectly. Additional data suggest that depletion of glutathione is likely the cue to trigger induced expression of trxA and trxC. These findings underscore the particular importance of Trx in the bacterial OP stress response. IMPORTANCE The Trx and Grx systems are deeply involved in bacterial responses to H2O2-induced oxidative stress. However, little is known about their roles in response to other ROS, such as organic peroxides (OPs). In this study, we used S. oneidensis as a research model to investigate the interplay between Trx/Grx and OxyR/OhrR. We show that Trxs mediate the redox status of transcriptional OP-responding regulator OhrR. Although none of the trx or grx genes are directly controlled by OxyR or OhrR, expression of trxA and trxC is induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). We further show that the trxA and trxC genes respond to effects of glutathione (GSH) depletion rather than oxidation. These findings underscore the particular importance of Trx in the bacterial OP stress response.

The mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Heydari ◽  
Rafighe Ghiasi ◽  
Saber Ghaderpour ◽  
Rana Keyhanmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Introduction: Obesity resulted by imbalance between the intake of energy and energy consumption can lead to growth and metabolic disease development in people. Both in obese men and animal models, several studies indicate that obesity leads to male infertility. Objective: This review has discussed some mechanisms involved in obesity-induced male infertility. Method: Online documents were searched through Science Direct, Pubmed, Scopus, and Google Scholar websites dating from 1959 to recognize studies on obesity, kisspeptin, leptin, and infertility. Results: Obesity induced elevated inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress can affect male reproductive functions including spermatogenesis disorders, reduced male fertility power and hormones involved in hypothalamus-pituitarygonadal axis. Conclusion: There is significant evidence that obesity resulted in male infertility. obesity has negative effect on male reproductive function via several mechanisms such as inflammation and oxidative stress.

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