scholarly journals The Role of NRF2 in Mycobacterial Infection

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1861
Author(s):  
Masashi Matsuyama ◽  
Mizu Nonaka ◽  
Masayuki Nakajima ◽  
Yuko Morishima ◽  
Yukio Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Infection

The incidence of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection is increasing worldwide, and its clinical outcomes with current chemotherapies are unsatisfactory. The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is still high in Africa, and the existence of drug-resistant tuberculosis is also an important issue for treatment. To discover and develop new efficacious anti-mycobacterial treatments, it is important to understand the host-defense mechanisms against mycobacterial infection. Nuclear erythroid 2 p45-related factor-2 (NRF2) is known to be a major regulator of various antioxidant response element (ARE)-driven cytoprotective gene expressions, and its protective role has been demonstrated in infections. However, there are not many papers or reviews regarding the role of NRF2 in mycobacterial infectious disease. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of NRF2 in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium infection.

scholarly journals The role of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf-2) in the protection against lung injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (2) ◽  
pp. L155-L162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailin Zhao ◽  
Shiori Eguchi ◽  
Azeem Alam ◽  
Daqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Response Elements

Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a ubiquitous master transcription factor that upregulates antioxidant response elements (AREs)-mediated expression of antioxidant enzyme and cytoprotective proteins. Activation of Nrf2 has been shown to be protective against lung injury. In the lung, diverse stimuli including environmental oxidants, medicinal agents, and pathogens can activate Nrf2. Nrf2 translocates to the nucleus and binds to an ARE. Through transcriptional induction of ARE-bearing genes encoding antioxidant-detoxifying proteins, Nrf2 induces cellular rescue pathways against oxidative pulmonary injury, abnormal inflammatory and immune responses, and apoptosis. The Nrf2-antioxidant pathway has been shown to be important in the protection against various lung injuries including acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and allergy and was widely examined for new therapeutic targets. The present review explores the protective role of Nrf-2 against lung injury and the therapeutic potential in targeting Nrf-2.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular and Neurological Disorders: Protective Role of NRF2

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzane Sivandzade ◽  
Aditya Bhalerao ◽  
Luca Cucullo
Keyword(s):  
System Integration ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions are regulated by electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent works strongly considered imbalanced ROS and electrophile overabundance as the leading cause of cellular and tissue damage, whereas oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role for the onset and progression of major cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies. These include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) is the major modulator of the xenobiotic-activated receptor (XAR) and is accountable for activating the antioxidative response elements (ARE)-pathway modulating the detoxification and antioxidative responses of the cells. NRF2 activity, however, is also implicated in carcinogenesis protection, stem cells regulation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and so forth. Herein, we briefly describe the NRF2–ARE pathway and provide a review analysis of its functioning and system integration as well as its role in major CNS disorders. We also discuss NRF2-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders.

scholarly journals ROS Defense Systems and Terminal Oxidases in Bacteria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 839
Author(s):  
Vitaliy B. Borisov ◽  
Sergey A. Siletsky ◽  
Martina R. Nastasi ◽  
Elena Forte
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Superoxide Dismutases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Terminal Oxidases ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Respiratory Chains ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprise the superoxide anion (O2·−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2). ROS can damage a variety of macromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, and compromise cell viability. To prevent or reduce ROS-induced oxidative stress, bacteria utilize different ROS defense mechanisms, of which ROS scavenging enzymes, such as superoxide dismutases, catalases, and peroxidases, are the best characterized. Recently, evidence has been accumulating that some of the terminal oxidases in bacterial respiratory chains may also play a protective role against ROS. The present review covers this role of terminal oxidases in light of recent findings.

Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Jennifer Chidera Awurum ◽  
Sunday Amos Onikanni ◽  
Adedotun Adefolalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Objectives The current study evaluates the protective role of aqueous extract of Sterculia tragacantha leaf (AESTL) on pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67 and GLP-1R) and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced into the experimental Wistar animals via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and 5% glucose water was given to the rats for 24 h after induction. The animals were categorized into five groups of 10 rats each as follows normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered AESTL (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and diabetic rats administered metformin (200 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized, blood sample collected, pancreas harvested and some pancreatic gene expressions (such as insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R)s as well as oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Results The results revealed that AESTL significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food and water intake, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered different doses of AESTL showed a substantial upsurge in body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R). Conclusions It can therefore be concluded that AESTL has the ability to protect the pancreas during diabetes mellitus conditions.

scholarly journals Protective role of membrane tumour necrosis factor in the host’s resistance to mycobacterial infection

Immunology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasiema Allie ◽  
Lena Alexopoulou ◽  
Valerie J. F. Quesniaux ◽  
Lizette Fick ◽  
Ksanthi Kranidioti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumour Necrosis Factor ◽  
Tumour Necrosis ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Role of iron in experimental Mycobacterium avium infection

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Salomé Gomes ◽  
Johan R. Boelaert ◽  
Rui Appelberg
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Avium Infection ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Infection

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Resveratrol against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqian Zhang ◽  
Changming Guo ◽  
Ruifeng Gao ◽  
Ming Ge ◽  
Yanzhu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor

Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) shows substantial anticancer activity in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Unfortunately, limiting the application of this effective agent to APL patients is severe cardiotoxicity. Resveratrol, the natural food-derived polyphenolic compound, is well known for its antioxidant properties and protects the cardiovascular system. But the potential role of resveratrol against As2O3in heart via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is unclear. The present study evaluated the effects of pretreatment with resveratrol and As2O3on oxidative stress and cardiac dysfunction in rat. In the present study, resveratrol decreased As2O3-induced reactive oxygen species generation, oxidative DNA damage, and pathological alterations. In addition, cardiac dysfunction parameters, intracellular calcium and arsenic accumulation, glutathione redox ratio, and cAMP deficiency levels were observed in As2O3-treated rats; these changes were attenuated by resveratrol. Furthermore, resveratrol significantly prohibited the downregulation of both Nrf2 and HO-1 gene expressions that were downregulated by As2O3, whereas resveratrol did not alter As2O3-induced nitric oxide formation. Thus, the protective role of resveratrol against As2O3-induced cardiotoxicity is implemented by the maintenance of redox homeostasis (Nrf2-HO-1 pathway) and facilitating arsenic efflux. Our findings suggest coadministration with resveratrol, and As2O3might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for APL.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Feruloylserotonin in LPS-Induced HaCaT Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhu He ◽  
Byung-gook Kim ◽  
Hye-Eun Kim ◽  
Qiaochu Sun ◽  
Shuhan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Amides ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Epidermal inflammation is caused by various bacterial infectious diseases that impair the skin health. Feruloylserotonin (FS) belongs to the hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin, which mainly exists in safflower seeds and has been proven to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Human epidermis mainly comprises keratinocytes whose inflammation causes skin problems. This study investigated the protective effects of FS on the keratinocyte with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced human HaCaT cells and elucidated its underlying mechanisms of action. The mechanism was investigated by analyzing cell viability, PGE2 levels, cell apoptosis, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) translocation, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The anti-inflammatory effects of FS were assessed by inhibiting the inflammation via down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, FS promoted Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus, indicating that FS showed anti-oxidative activities. Furthermore, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of FS were found to benefit each other, but were independent. Thus, FS can be used as a component to manage epidermal inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties.

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