scholarly journals Tryptophan Metabolism in Bipolar Disorder in a Longitudinal Setting

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Frederike T. Fellendorf ◽  
Johanna M. Gostner ◽  
Melanie Lenger ◽  
Martina Platzer ◽  
Armin Birner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolism ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Illness Episode ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Immune-mediated inflammatory processes and oxidative stress are involved in the aetiopathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and weight-associated comorbidities. Tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1) along the kynurenine axis concomitant with a pro-inflammatory state was found to be more active in BD, and associated with overweight/obesity. This study aimed to investigate tryptophan metabolism in BD compared to controls (C), stratified by weight classes, in a longitudinal setting, dependent on the incidence of BD episodes. Peripheral tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were assessed in the serum of 226 BD individuals and 142 C. Three samples in a longitudinal assessment were used for 75 BD individuals. Results showed a higher kynurenine/tryptophan in both BD compared to C and overweight compared to normal weight persons. Levels remained stable over time. In the longitudinal course, no differences were found between individuals who were constantly euthymic or not, or who had an illness episode or had none. Findings indicate that tryptophan, kynurenine, and IDO-1 activity may play a role in pathophysiology in BD but are not necessarily associated with clinical manifestations. Accelerated tryptophan breakdown along the kynurenine axis may be facilitated by being overweight. This may increase the risk of accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites, impacting BD symptomatology, cognition, and somatic comorbidities.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Data Analysis Reveals a Down-Expression of Galectin-8 in Schizophrenia Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Petralia ◽  
Rosella Ciurleo ◽  
Alessia Bramanti ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Andrea Saraceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antipsychotic Agents ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Disease Specific

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe psychiatric disorder with several clinical manifestations that include cognitive dysfunction, decline in motivation, and psychosis. Current standards of care treatment with antipsychotic agents are often ineffective in controlling the disease, as only one-third of SCZ patients respond to medications. The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of SCZ remain elusive. It is believed that inflammatory processes may play a role as contributing factors to the etiology of SCZ. Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that contribute to the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, and previous reports have shown their role in the maintenance of central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and neuroinflammation. In the current study, we evaluated the expression levels of the galectin gene family in post-mortem samples of the hippocampus, associative striatum, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from SCZ patients. We found a significant downregulation of LGALS8 (Galectin-8) in the hippocampus of SCZ patients as compared to otherwise healthy donors. Interestingly, the reduction of LGALS8 was disease-specific, as no modulation was observed in the hippocampus from bipolar nor major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Prediction analysis identified TBL1XR1, BRF2, and TAF7 as potential transcription factors controlling LGALS8 expression. In addition, MIR3681HG and MIR4296 were negatively correlated with LGALS8 expression, suggesting a role for epigenetics in the regulation of LGALS8 levels. On the other hand, no differences in the methylation levels of LGALS8 were observed between SCZ and matched control hippocampus. Finally, ontology analysis of the genes negatively correlated with LGALS8 expression identified an enrichment of the NGF-stimulated transcription pathway and of the oligodendrocyte differentiation pathway. Our study identified LGALS8 as a disease-specific gene, characterizing SCZ patients, that may in the future be exploited as a potential therapeutic target.

scholarly journals POS0358 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF mTOR EXPRESSION ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 409.2-409
Author(s):  
E. Strebkova ◽  
E. Tchetina ◽  
L. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Womac Pain ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Normal Body Weight

Background:Currently, a large number of molecular biological and genetic markers are known to be involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is responsible for chondrocyte proliferation, cartilage matrix production, and cell growth. OA is characterized by increased mTOR synthesis, which is accompanied by an increase in proliferative activity and destruction of chondrocytes. Obesity is an important factor in the progression of knee OA. The study of mTOR expression in patients with OA and obesity is an urgent task in the development of personalized OA therapy.Objectives:To determine the expression of mTOR in patients with knee OA in combination with obesity and normal body weight. To evaluate the effect of mTOR on the clinical manifestations of OA in patients with different body mass index (BMI).Methods:The study included 73 female patients aged 45-65 y.o. with Kellgren-Lawrence stage II-III knee OA. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=50) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg / cm2) and group 2 (n=23) with normal or increased body weight (BMI < 30 kg/cm2). The average age of patients with obesity is 56.5 ± 5.87 years, without obesity - 58.7 ± 5.43 years. Clinical manifestations were evaluated by a WOMAС. RNA was isolated from the patients ‘ blood samples, which was used to determine the expression of mTOR.Results:Patients with knee OA with and without obesity did not differ in age. OA develops at an earlier age in obese patients, than in non-obese patients (p < 0.001). Patients from 1 group had a high BMI > 30 kg/m2 at the onset of OA. Obese patients had more severe knee OA is significantly more often detected: Kellgren-Lawrence stage III was determined in 10% of obese patients and in 4.35% - without obesity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values of the WOMAC index pain, stiffness, joint functional failure, and total WOMAC were observed in obese patients (p = 0.006, p = 0.039, p = 0.037, and p = 0.014, respectively). Obese patients had higher VAS pain scores (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a lower BMI. Obese patients had a higher mTOR expression (p < 0.05) of 8.02±8.62, compared to non-obese patients. High mTOR expression was associated with VAS knee pain (r=0.78; p < 0.05) and WOMAC pain (r=0.89; p<0.05) in obese patients (Table 1).Table 1.Correlation of m-TORParametersmTOR (1 group, n=50)mTOR (2 group, n=23)Body weightр > 0,05р > 0,05Pain (VAS)r=0,78; р<0,05p = 0,07; r = 0,45Pain (WOMAC)r=0,89; р<0,05р > 0,05Total WOMACр > 0,05р > 0,05Conclusion:Our study showed that patients with obesity and knee OA have higher rates of mTOR expression, compared to patients with normal body weight. High mTOR expression correlates with the severity of knee pain in obese patients. Thus, the evaluation of mTOR expression in obese patients and knee OA plays an important role in predicting the severity of clinical manifestations of OA, and may influence the choice of personalized therapy tactics for such patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Most important etiologic factors in the development of genital prolapse

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 315-318
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Mladenovic-Segedi ◽  
Dimitrije Segedi
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Pelvic Floor Dysfunction ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Genital Prolapse ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Initiating Factors

Introduction The incidence of genital prolapse depends on numerous factors. The contribution of race, gender and genetic factors is significant. However, additional factors of initiation, promotion and decomposition are necessary if a person with the genetic predisposition to genital prolapse begins to suffer from it. At least 50% of parous women are believed to suffer from genital prolapse of various degrees. Moreover, the prevalence of genital prolapse increases with age. The prevalence of genital prolapse is expected to be even higher in the future due to the extension of the lifespan of women worldwide. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the most common etiologic factors in the development of genital prolapse in the population of Serbia. Methods The study was conducted as prospective and included 50 women who underwent surgical treatment due to the problems caused by genital prolapse. Results Mean age of the women was 58.74 years. Twenty percent of the women had the menstrual cycle, while 80% were in menopause. Mean menopause period was 8.88 years. None of the women used hormone replacement therapy. Mean BMI was 27.395 kg/m2. Twenty-eight percent of the women were of normal weight, while 72% of the women were obese (42% were obese and 30% were severely obese). Ninety-eight percent of the women were parous, and mean parity was 2.08. Mean birth weight of neonates was 3682.77 g. Sixty-four percent of the women did physical labour and lifted heavy objects. Conclusion Vaginal childbirth is one of the most important initiating factors. The most significant promoting factor is obesity and heavy labour. Ageing and entering menopause are the most important factors of decomposition as well as the occurrence of clinical manifestations of the pelvic floor dysfunction. .

Correlation between alterations of inflammatory markers and treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S422-S422 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Godio ◽  
F. Marino ◽  
M. Preve
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Symptomatology ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionClinical evidences suggests that cerebral inflammatory processes are involved in the development of major affective disorders [1].Obvious correlations exist between changes of inflammatory markers such as acute-phase protein C (PCR) and VES, in patients with bipolar spectrum diagnosis [2].ObjectivesOur aim is demonstrating the correlations between changes of PCR and VES and pharmacological treatment with atypical antipsychotics in patients with acute bipolar disorder, highlighting a trend.MethodTwenty patients with bipolar disorder were assessed at the entrance (T0), after three weeks (T1) and after six weeks (T2) of hospitalization using specific rating scales and blood tests routines include PCR and VES.ResultsIs possible to appreciate a correlation between the affective phase of bipolar disorder and inflammatory markers with a proportional trend (Table 1).Discussion and conclusionThe scores obtained seem to confirm the effect of antipsychotic in both sense of psychiatric symptomatology reduction and in anti-inflammatory action.A confirmation of a correlation between the resolution of affective disorders and normalization of inflammatory markers confirm the intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity of such drug compounds [3].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Feline Infectious Peritonitis as a Systemic Inflammatory Disease: Contribution of Liver and Heart to the Pathogenesis

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra J Malbon ◽  
Sonja Fonfara ◽  
Marina L Meli ◽  
Shelley Hahn ◽  
Herman Egberink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinicopathological Features ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Feline Infectious Peritonitis ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Feline Coronavirus

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal immune-mediated disease of cats, induced by feline coronavirus (FCoV). A combination of as yet poorly understood host and viral factors combine to cause a minority of FCoV-infected cats to develop FIP. Clinicopathological features include fever, vasculitis, and serositis, with or without effusions; all of which indicate a pro-inflammatory state with cytokine release. As a result, primary immune organs, as well as circulating leukocytes, have thus far been of most interest in previous studies to determine the likely sources of these cytokines. Results have suggested that these tissues alone may not be sufficient to induce the observed inflammation. The current study therefore focussed on the liver and heart, organs with a demonstrated ability to produce cytokines and therefore with huge potential to exacerbate inflammatory processes. The IL-12:IL-10 ratio, a marker of the immune system’s inflammatory balance, was skewed towards the pro-inflammatory IL-12 in the liver of cats with FIP. Both organs were found to upregulate mRNA expression of the inflammatory triad of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in FIP. This amplifying step may be one of the missing links in the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disease.

Psychosocial Approaches to the Course and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Miklowitz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Psychosocial Treatment ◽  
Illness Episode ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Psychoeducational Treatment ◽  
Significant Life ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches

AbstractThe course of bipolar disorder is marked by relapses and remissions, even when patients are maintained on appropriate pharmacotherapy. This variability in illness course may occur in part because the disorder is affected by socioenvironmental stressors, particularly significant life events and high-conflict family relationships. Considering these factors, clinicians have focused more attention on psychosocial treatments as useful adjuncts to pharmacotherapy. In this article, a psychosocial treatment program known as family-focused psychoeducational treatment (FFT) is described. Delivered in combination with pharmacotherapy during the postepisode stabilization period, FFT begins with an assessment of the family or marital environment. Then, in three consecutive, modules, participants receive education about the nature, causes, and treatment of bipolar disorder, communication enhancement training, and problem-solving skills training. The overall goals of the program are to restore family equilibrium and improve the patient's clinical functioning after the acute-illness episode. A case study illustrating the approach is presented, and the future directions of FFT are reviewed.

Association Between HbA1c and Number of Episodes in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S115-S115
Author(s):  
F. Fellendorf
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Impaired Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Somatic Comorbidities ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Hba1c Levels

IntroductionBipolar disorder (BD) is associated with an impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) leading to diabetes mellitus Type II (DM). DM influences the medical state of BD individuals and leads to increased mortality. However, there is evidence that IGM is associated with psychiatric symptoms, as well.AimThe study aimed to investigate the association between IGM and number of episodes and their ratio in individuals with BD, separated for gender.MethodsHbA1c levels from fasting blood were measured of 162 individuals (46% females) with BD. Furthermore, clinical parameters e.g. number of depressive and (hypo)manic episodes were gathered.ResultsAfter adjustment for illness duration and BMI there was a positive correlation in male individuals between HbA1c and number of depressive (M = 13.86, SD = 14.67; r = .308, P < 0.05) as well as (hypo)manic episodes (M = 17.23, SD = 24.24; r = 0.263, P < 0.05). There was no association in females as well as between HbA1c levels and ratio of episodes.ConclusionAssociations between HbA1c and number of episodes in male individuals with BD were found. As there are correlations between IGM and somatic comorbidities as well as the course of illness the treatment of glucose metabolism is important in BD. However, number of episodes might have an impact on the glucose metabolism due to inflammation processes, but further investigations have to focus on the direction of the found correlation. As gender differences are known in different pathways, they should be considered in research, diagnosis and therapy.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

2.3 Prospective Risk of Developing Bipolar Disorder: Diagnostic Evolution in the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. S260
Author(s):  
Eric Youngstrom ◽  
Boris Birmaher ◽  
Sarah M. Horwitz ◽  
Robert L. Findling ◽  
Mary A. Fristad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Prospective Risk

scholarly journals Cervical lympahadenitis with risperidone induced cervical dystonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Ruchitha Reddy Akkati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Dystonia ◽  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Spasmodic Torticollis ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Adult Onset ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Head Neck

<p class="abstract">Abiogenic cervical dystonia, the most ordinary form of adult-onset focal dystonia, is elucidated as reflex muscle contractions. Idiopathic cervical dystonia is also called as spasmodic torticollis. The most habitually obliging medications were tetrabenazine (68% of patients upgraded) and anticholinergics (39% upgraded). Clinical manifestations include spinal curvature, local pain, muscle spasm, head-neck tremor and tremor in additional body regions. Antipsychotic drugs induce persistent dystonia. Lymphadenitis particularly refers to lymphadenopathies that are kindled by inflammatory processes. Treatment for lymphadenitis is complete antibiotic course of 10-14 days. A female patient of 14 years old<strong> </strong>presented with altered sensorium and neck tightness. She was diagnosed with cervical lymphadenopathy with risperidone induced cervical dystonia. She was treated with antibiotics and the patient was relieved from her symptoms by stopping the intake of risperidone for about 2 days.</p>

scholarly journals Biomarkers, Inflammation, and Bipolar Disorder: Association Between the Improvement of Bipolar Disorder Severity and the Improvement in C-Reactive Protein Levels After 7 Days of Inpatient Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cuomo ◽  
Despoina Koukouna ◽  
Alessandro Spiti ◽  
Giovanni Barillà ◽  
Arianna Goracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Compared to the general population, people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a poorer health status and a higher mortality rate, with a 10–20-year reduction in life expectancy. Excess mortality and morbidity in SMI have been explained by intertwined components. Inflammatory processes could increase the morbidity and mortality risk in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) because of a bidirectional interaction between BD and conditions related to inflammation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the relationship between C-Reactive-Protein (CRP) and bipolar disorder severity.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 61 hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder. CRP was measured at admission to inpatient treatment (T0) and after seven days from the admission (T1). Clinical Global Impression for Depression, Mania and Overall Bipolar Illness were recorded at T0 and T1. Comparisons among the recorded CRP values were determined through the paired t-test. Correlations between CRP and CGI scores were determined through Spearman's correlation coefficient at T0 and T1.Results: A statistically significant decrease in CRP values was observed after 7 days of hospitalization (p &lt; 0.001) and positive significant correlations emerged between CRP and CGI scores at T0 and T1.Conclusion: Patients admitted to the inpatient unit reported a statistically significant decrease of CRP values during the first 7 days of treatment. Although the direction of the relationship between BP severity and inflammation status continues to remain unclear, this study showed a relationship between the improvement of bipolar disease symptoms and the improvement of the inflammatory marker CRP.

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