scholarly journals Protein Persulfidation in Plants: Function and Mechanism

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Hua Fang ◽  
Rong Gao ◽  
Weibiao Liao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function

As an endogenous gaseous transmitter, the function of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been extensively studied in plants. Once synthesized, H2S may be involved in almost all life processes of plants. Among them, a key route for H2S bioactivity occurs via protein persulfidation, in which process oxidizes cysteine thiol (R-SH) groups into persulfide (R-SSH) groups. This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants linked to growth, development, stress responses, and phytohormone signaling. Multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that this redox-based reversible post-translational modification can not only serve as a protective mechanism for H2S in oxidative stress, but also control a variety of biochemical processes through the allosteric effect of proteins. Here, we collate emerging evidence showing that H2S-mediated persulfidation modification involves some important biochemical processes such as growth and development, oxidative stress, phytohormone and autophagy. Additionally, the interaction between persulfidation and S-nitrosylation is also discussed. In this work, we provide beneficial clues for further exploration of the molecular mechanism and function of protein persulfidation in plants in the future.

scholarly journals Versatile Roles of the Receptor-Like Kinase Feronia in Plant Growth, Development and Host-Pathogen Interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7881
Author(s):  
Dongchao Ji ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Zhanquan Zhang ◽  
Boqiang Li ◽  
Shiping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Growth Development

As a member of the Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1L) protein kinase subfamily, FERONIA (FER) has emerged as a versatile player regulating multifaceted functions in growth and development, as well as responses to environmental factors and pathogens. With the concerted efforts of researchers, the molecular mechanism underlying FER-dependent signaling has been gradually elucidated. A number of cellular processes regulated by FER-ligand interactions have been extensively reported, implying cell type-specific mechanisms for FER. Here, we provide a review on the roles of FER in male-female gametophyte recognition, cell elongation, hormonal signaling, stress responses, responses to fungi and bacteria, and present a brief outlook for future efforts.

Semisynthetic triazoles as an approach in the discovery of Novel Lead Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alves Bezerra Morais ◽  
Carla Santana Francisco ◽  
Heberth de Paula ◽  
Rayssa Ribeiro ◽  
Mariana Alves Eloy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Space ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Modern Drug ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century

: Historically, the medicinal chemistry is concerned with the approach of organic chemistry to new drug synthesis. Considering the fruitful collections of new molecular entities, the dedicated efforts for medicinal chemistry are rewarding. Planning and search of new and applicable pharmacologic therapies involve the altruistic nature of the scientists. Since the 19th century, notoriously the application of isolated and characterized plant-derived compounds in modern drug discovery and in various stages of clinical development highlight its viability and significance. Natural products influence a broad range of biological processes, covering transcription, translation, and post-translational modification and being effective modulators of almost all basic cellular processes. The research of new chemical entities through “click chemistry” continuously opens up a map for the remarkable exploration of chemical space in towards leading natural products optimization by structure-activity relationship. Finally, here in this review, we expect to gather a broad knowledge involving triazolic natural products derivatives, synthetic routes, structures, and their biological activities.

scholarly journals Chromatin regulates expression of small RNAs to help maintain transposon methylome homeostasis in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith K. Papareddy ◽  
Katalin Páldi ◽  
Subramanian Paulraj ◽  
Ping Kao ◽  
Stefan Lutzmayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Chromatin States ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Decondensed Chromatin ◽  
And Function ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Background Eukaryotic genomes are partitioned into euchromatic and heterochromatic domains to regulate gene expression and other fundamental cellular processes. However, chromatin is dynamic during growth and development and must be properly re-established after its decondensation. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) promote heterochromatin formation, but little is known about how chromatin regulates siRNA expression. Results We demonstrate that thousands of transposable elements (TEs) produce exceptionally high levels of siRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana embryos. TEs generate siRNAs throughout embryogenesis according to two distinct patterns depending on whether they are located in euchromatic or heterochromatic regions of the genome. siRNA precursors are transcribed in embryos, and siRNAs are required to direct the re-establishment of DNA methylation on TEs from which they are derived in the new generation. Decondensed chromatin also permits the production of 24-nt siRNAs from heterochromatic TEs during post-embryogenesis, and siRNA production from bipartite-classified TEs is controlled by their chromatin states. Conclusions Decondensation of heterochromatin in response to developmental, and perhaps environmental, cues promotes the transcription and function of siRNAs in plants. Our results indicate that chromatin-mediated siRNA transcription provides a cell-autonomous homeostatic control mechanism to help reconstitute pre-existing chromatin states during growth and development including those that ensure silencing of TEs in the future germ line.

scholarly journals Roles of Autophagy in Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeong Rok Yun ◽  
Yong Hwa Jo ◽  
Jieun Kim ◽  
Yoonhwa Shin ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Redox Signalling ◽  
Mitochondrial Ros ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
And Function ◽  
Catabolic Process

Autophagy is a catabolic process for unnecessary or dysfunctional cytoplasmic contents by lysosomal degradation pathways. Autophagy is implicated in various biological processes such as programmed cell death, stress responses, elimination of damaged organelles and development. The role of autophagy as a crucial mediator has been clarified and expanded in the pathological response to redox signalling. Autophagy is a major sensor of the redox signalling. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism, principally by mitochondria. Mitochondrial ROS (mROS) are beneficial or detrimental to cells depending on their concentration and location. mROS function as redox messengers in intracellular signalling at physiologically low level, whereas excessive production of mROS causes oxidative damage to cellular constituents and thus incurs cell death. Hence, the balance of autophagy-related stress adaptation and cell death is important to comprehend redox signalling-related pathogenesis. In this review, we attempt to provide an overview the basic mechanism and function of autophagy in the context of response to oxidative stress and redox signalling in pathology.

The kinase module of the Mediator complex: an important signalling processor for the development and survival of plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Agrawal ◽  
Fajkus Jiří ◽  
Jitendra K Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function ◽  
Core Part

Abstract Mediator, a multisubunit protein complex, is a signal processor that conveys regulatory information from transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. This megadalton complex comprises four modules, namely, the head, middle, tail, and kinase modules. The first three modules form the core part of the complex, whereas association of the kinase module is facultative. The kinase module is able to alter the function of Mediator and has been established as a major transcriptional regulator of numerous developmental and biochemical processes. The kinase module consists of MED12, MED13, CycC, and kinase CDK8. Upon association with Mediator, the kinase module can alter its structure and function dramatically. In the past decade, research has established that the kinase module is very important for plant growth and development, and in the fight against biotic and abiotic challenges. However, there has been no comprehensive review discussing these findings in detail and depth. In this review, we survey the regulation of kinase module subunits and highlight their many functions in plants. Coordination between the subunits to process different signals for optimum plant growth and development is also discussed.

scholarly journals An aspartyl protease-mediated cleavage regulates structure and function of a flavodoxin-like protein and aids oxidative stress survival

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. e1009355
Author(s):  
Anamika Battu ◽  
Rajaram Purushotham ◽  
Partha Dey ◽  
S. Surya Vamshi ◽  
Rupinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aspartyl Protease ◽  
Environmental Stress Response ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Yeast ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Nadh:Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
And Function

A family of eleven glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored aspartyl proteases, commonly referred to as CgYapsins, regulate a myriad of cellular processes in the pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata, but their protein targets are largely unknown. Here, using the immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry approach, we identify the flavodoxin-like protein (Fld-LP), CgPst2, to be an interactor of one of the aspartyl protease CgYps1. We also report the presence of four Fld-LPs in C. glabrata, which are required for survival in kidneys in the murine model of systemic candidiasis. We further demonstrated that of four Fld-LPs, CgPst2 was solely required for menadione detoxification. CgPst2 was found to form homo-oligomers, and contribute to cellular NADH:quinone oxidoreductase activity. CgYps1 cleaved CgPst2 at the C-terminus, and this cleavage was pivotal to oligomerization, activity and function of CgPst2. The arginine-174 residue in CgPst2 was essential for CgYps1-mediated cleavage, with alanine substitution of the arginine-174 residue also leading to elevated activity and oligomerization of CgPst2. Finally, we demonstrate that menadione treatment led to increased CgPst2 and CgYps1 protein levels, diminished CgYps1-CgPst2 interaction, and enhanced CgPst2 cleavage and activity, thereby implicating CgYps1 in activating CgPst2. Altogether, our findings of proteolytic cleavage as a key regulatory determinant of CgPst2, which belongs to the family of highly conserved, electron-carrier flavodoxin-fold-containing proteins, constituting cellular oxidative stress defense system in diverse organisms, unveil a hidden regulatory layer of environmental stress response mechanisms.

scholarly journals Ubiquitination in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae: from development and pathogenicity to stress responses

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nan Yang ◽  
Yunna Zheng ◽  
Jiaolin Yue ◽  
Vijai Bhadauria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Deubiquitinating Enzymes ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Cellular Processes

AbstractUbiquitination is a vital protein post-translational modification (PTM) prevalent in eukaryotes. This modification regulates multiple cellular processes through protein degradation mediated by the 26S proteasome or affecting protein–protein interaction and protein localization. Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, which is one of the most devastating crop diseases worldwide. In M. oryzae, ubiquitination plays important roles in growth, pathogenicity, stress response and effector-mediated plant-pathogen interaction. In this review, we summarize the roles of ubiquitination components in the above biological processes of M. oryzae, including single- or multi-subunit E3s, E2s, components of 26S proteasome and also deubiquitinating enzymes. The essential function of ubiquitination in plant-fungus interaction is also discussed. Moreover, this review presents several issues related to the ubiquitination system in M. oryzae, which need to be further explored in future researches.

scholarly journals Forgotten partners and function regulators of inducible metallothioneins

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
Mirela Pavić ◽  
Petra Turčić ◽  
Marija Ljubojević
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Transitional Metals ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Function ◽  
Sex And Age Differences

AbstractMetallothioneins are peculiar cysteine rich, heat resistant, small cellular plasma proteins expressed through almost all life forms. The currently established biological functions of metallothioneins are the homeostasis of essential metals and protection against toxic transitional metals (TM) alongside defence from oxidative stress by direct scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In mammals, among the four main evolutionary conserved forms, only the ubiquitously expressed metallothionein 1 and 2 (here abbreviated as MT) are inducible by TM, oxidative stress, glucocorticoids and starvation among various other stimuli. However, more than sixty years after being discovered, metallothioneins still bear unresolved issues about their possible physiological function and regulation. The biological function of MTs has still not been associated with the in vitro-demonstrated capacity of MT interaction with cellular molecules glutathione (GSH) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or with the possibility of direct iron-MT binding in the reducing intracellular environment of some organelles, e.g. lysosomes. Iron as the most abundant cellular TM is also one of the main physiological sources of ROS. Moreover, iron exhibits strain, sex and age differences that reflected ROS generation and MT induction in (patho)physiology and toxicology studies. A recent study showed that iron sex differences follows expression of both ferritin and MT leading to wide implications from essential TM interconnectivity to aging. This review places emphasis on biochemically proven but physiologically ignored interactions of MT with iron to stimulate advanced research for establishing a wide frame of the biological roles of MTs important for health and longevity.

scholarly journals Identification of ubiquitin Ser57 kinases regulating the oxidative stress response in yeast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel L. Hepowit ◽  
Kevin N. Pereira ◽  
Jessica M. Tumolo ◽  
Walter J. Chazin ◽  
Jason A. MacGurn
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Membrane Trafficking ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Oxidative Stress Response ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Proteotoxic Stress ◽  
Substrate Proteins

ABSTRACTUbiquitination regulates many different cellular processes, including protein quality control, membrane trafficking, and stress responses. The diversity of ubiquitin functions in the cell is partly due to its ability to form chains with distinct linkages that can alter the fate of substrate proteins in unique ways. The complexity of the ubiquitin code is further enhanced by post-translational modifications on ubiquitin itself, the biological functions of which are not well understood. Here, we present genetic and biochemical evidence that serine 57 (Ser57) phosphorylation of ubiquitin functions in stress responses in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, including the oxidative stress response. We also identify and characterize the first known Ser57 ubiquitin kinases in yeast and human cells, and we report that two Ser57 ubiquitin kinases regulate the oxidative stress response in yeast. These studies implicate ubiquitin phosphorylation at the Ser57 position as an important modifier of ubiquitin function, particularly in response to proteotoxic stress.

scholarly journals IPSE, a urogenital parasite-derived immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis through downregulation of pro-inflammatory pathways

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaristus C. Mbanefo ◽  
Loc Le ◽  
Rebecca Zee ◽  
Nirad Banskota ◽  
Kenji Ishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxidative Stress Responses

AbstractIfosfamide and other oxazaphosphorines can result in hemorrhagic cystitis, a constellation of complications caused by acrolein metabolites. We previously showed that a single dose of IPSE, a schistosome-derived host modulatory protein, can ameliorate ifosfamide-related cystitis; however, the exact mechanisms underlying this urotoxic effect and its prevention are not fully understood. To provide insights into IPSE’s protective mechanism, we undertook transcriptional profiling of bladders from ifosfamide-treated mice, with or without IPSE pretreatment. Following ifosfamide challenge, there was upregulation of a range of pro-inflammatory genes. The pro-inflammatory pathway involving the IL-1β, TNFαand IL-6 triad via NFκB and STAT3 signaling pathways was identified as the key driver of inflammation. The NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response pathway, which regulates bothHmox1-mediated heme homoeostasis and expression of antioxidant enzymes, was highly activated. Anti-inflammatory and cellular proliferation cascades implicated in tissue repair, namely Wnt, Hedgehog and PPAR pathways, were downregulated. IPSE administration before ifosfamide injection resulted in significant downregulation of major proinflammatory pathways including the triad of IL-1β, TNFαand IL-6 pathways, the interferon signaling pathway, and less apparent reduction in oxidative stress responses. Taken together, we have identified signatures of acute phase inflammation and oxidative stress responses in the ifosfamide-injured bladder, which are reversed by pretreatment with IPSE, a parasite derived anti-inflammatory molecule. In addition to providing new insights into the underlying mechanism of IPSE’s therapeutic effects, this work has revealed several pathways that could be therapeutically targeted to prevent and treat ifosfamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document