scholarly journals Effects of Black Garlic Extract and Nanoemulsion on the Deoxy Corticosterone Acetate-Salt Induced Hypertension and Its Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Tsung-Yu Tsai ◽  
Bing-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Acetate Salt ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Organosulfur compounds, phenolic acids and flavonoids in raw and black garlic were determined, and followed by preparation of black garlic nanoemulsion for studying their effects on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and associated mild cognitive impairment in rats. Three organosulfur compounds, including diallyl sulfide (87.8 μg/g), diallyl disulfide (203.9 μg/g) and diallyl trisulfide (282.6 μg/g) were detected in black garlic by GC-MS, while gallic acid (19.19 μg/g), p-coumaric acid (27.03 μg/g) and quercetin (22.77 μg/g) were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. High doses of both black garlic extract and nanoemulsion prepared using Tween-80, glycerol, grapeseed oil and water could decrease systolic blood pressure through the elevation of bradykinin and nitric oxide levels as well as diminish aldosterone and angiotensin II levels in rats. In Morris water maze test, they could significantly decrease escape latency and swimming distance and increase the time spent in the target quadrant, accompanied by a decline of acetylcholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde level in the hippocampus as well as a rise in glutathione level and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, the levels of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β were reduced. Effects of lowering blood pressure and improving learning/memory ability in rats followed the order: lisinopril > black garlic nanoemulsion > black garlic extract.

scholarly journals Feasibility of 3-month melatonin supplementation for brain oxidative stress and sleep in mild cognitive impairment: protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e041500
Author(s):  
Zoe Menczel Schrire ◽  
Craig L Phillips ◽  
Shantel L Duffy ◽  
Nathaniel S Marshall ◽  
Loren Mowszowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Feasibility Trial ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress ◽  
Randomised Controlled

IntroductionMelatonin has multiple proposed therapeutic benefits including antioxidant properties, synchronisation of the circadian system and lowering of blood pressure. In this protocol, we outline a randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility, acceptability and tolerability of higher dose (25 mg) melatonin to target brain oxidative stress and sleep disturbance in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods and analysisThe study design is a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. Forty individuals with MCI will be recruited from the Healthy Brain Ageing Clinic, University of Sydney and from the community, and randomised to receive either 25 mg oral melatonin or placebo nightly for 12 weeks. The primary outcomes are feasibility of recruitment, acceptability of intervention and adherence to trial medication at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include the effect of melatonin on brain oxidative stress as measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, blood pressure, blood biomarkers, mood, cognition and sleep. Outcomes will be collected at 6 and 12 weeks. The results of this feasibility trial will inform a future conclusive randomised controlled trial to specifically test the efficacy of melatonin on modifiable risk factors of dementia, as well as cognition and brain function. This will be the first trial to investigate the effect of melatonin in the population with MCI in this way, with the future aim of using this approach to reduce progression to dementia.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by the Sydney Local Health District Ethics Committee (X18-0077). This randomised controlled trial will be conducted in compliance with the protocol published in the registry, the International Conference for Harmonisation on Good Clinical Practice and all other applicable regulatory requirements. The findings of the trial will be disseminated via conferences, publications and media, as applicable. Participants will be informed of results of the study at the conclusion of the trial. Eligible authors will include investigators who are involved in the conception and design of the study, the conduct of the trial, the analysis of the results, and reporting and presentation of study findings.Trial registration numberAustralian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN 12619000876190).Protocol versionV.8 15 October 2020.

scholarly journals RESTING STATE NETWORK AND MINDFULNESS IN MOTION PLUS DASH DIET IN AFRICAN AMERICANS WITH MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S112-S113
Author(s):  
Kathy D Wright ◽  
Klatt Maryanna ◽  
Ingrid Adams ◽  
Cady Block ◽  
Todd Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Resting State Network

Abstract The resting state network (RSN) is a target of interest in neurodegenerative research, with evidence linking functional connectivity of its constituent nodes with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Given the emerging linkage between Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia disorders (ADRD) and hypertension (HTN), non-pharmacological interventions that promote RSN connectivity and blood pressure are needed. The purpose of this pilot study protocol is to deliver a novel intervention, combining mindfulness and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), to improve RSN connectivity and blood pressure in African American (AA) older adults with MCI and HTN. Thirty-six AAs aged 65 and older will be randomized to mindfulness plus DASH, attention control (non-health related education), or a control group. The Mindfulness in Motion (MIM) plus DASH intervention is delivered in 8-weekly group sessions of 6-10 participants. MIM includes mindful movements from chair/standing, breathing exercises and guided meditation. The DASH intervention uses a critical thinking approach that involves problem solving, goal setting, reflection, and developing self-efficacy. Both components are culturally tailored for older African Americans. Cognitive examination, diet and mindfulness practice surveys, blood pressure, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (RSN) data are collected at baseline and 3 months. Forty-eight AAs were screened and 17 were enrolled (women= 13; men= 4) to date. Of the 17 enrolled, 7 were eligible for neuroimaging. Findings from this pilot study may provide the preliminary evidence that MIM plus DASH may improve RSN connectivity and blood pressure in this population at risk for ADRD.

scholarly journals Potential protective effect of ovocystatin on aging-related cognitive impairment in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz ◽  
Maria Rutkowska ◽  
Marta Lemieszewska ◽  
Marta Jakubik-Witkowska ◽  
Jakub Gburek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Morris Water Maze Test ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Introduction: Increased occurrence of cognitive deficits in mild cognitive impairment is related with the phenomenon of aging within the population. Cystatin C has been associated with cysteine protease inhibiting properties as well as an induction of autophagy and proliferation that can potentially be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of cognitive decline. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of ovocystatin, which is structurally and biologically similar to cystatin C, on cognitive functions in experimental young and aging rat models. Material/Methods: The young (four-month-old) and aging (ten-month-old) Wistar Crl: Wi (Han) rats received ovocystatin (i.p.) for 12 days at a dose of 200 and 20 μg/rat, respectively. Cognitive functions were determined using the Morris water maze. Results: Ovocystatin treatment at a dose of 200 μg/rat improved the performance of old rats in the Morris water maze test via increasing the spent time and the distance traveled in the target zone but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The results of the study highlight the important role cystatins play in neurodegenerative processes as well as the influence they have on cognitive functions. Furthermore, the obtained findings suggest ovocystatin may be used in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment or cognitive decline in dementia, but further morphological, biochemical and immunohistochemical studies are needed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Central, Ambulatory, Home and Office Blood Pressure Measurement as Risk Markers for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Hypertensive Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Yaneva-Sirakova ◽  
Latchezar Traykov ◽  
Julia Petrova ◽  
Dobrin Vassilev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Target Organ ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Central Pulse Pressure

Aims: We compared the role of central blood pressure (BP), ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), home-measured BP (HMBP) and office BP measurement as risk markers for the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: 70 hypertensive patients on combination medical therapy were studied. Their mean age was 64.97 ± 8.88 years. Eighteen (25.71%) were males and 52 (74.28%) females. All of the patients underwent full physical examination, laboratory screening, echocardiography, and office, ambulatory, home and central BP measurement. The neuropsychological tests used were: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). SPSS 19 was used for the statistical analysis with a level of significance of 0.05. Results: The mean central pulse pressure values of patients with MCI were significantly (p = 0.016) higher than those of the patients without MCI. There was a weak negative correlation between central pulse pressure and the results from the MoCA and MMSE (r = –0.283, p = 0.017 and r = –0.241, p = 0.044, respectively). There was a correlation between ABPM and MCI as well as between HMBP and MCI. Conclusions: The correlation of central BP with target organ damage (MCI) is as good as for the other types of measurements of BP (home and ambulatory). Office BP seems to be the poorest marker for the assessment of target organ damage.

Abstract 25: Mild Cognitive Impairment the New Risk Factor for Stroke?

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Gaillard ◽  
Elaine T Miller ◽  
Debi Sampsel ◽  
Tamilyn Bakas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Glucose Levels

Background and Purpose: Hypertension, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes are major risk factors for stroke, particularly among elderly African Americans (AAs). However, whether there are racial differences in the characteristics of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore racial differences in MCI, blood pressure and glucose levels among older AAs and White Americans (WAs). Methods: We recruited 79 free living older adults (>65 years) (40 AAs and 39 WAs). Cognitive impairment was measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We defined MCI as MoCA score between 18-26. In addition, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A1C (A1C) were obtained in each participant. Results: The mean age of our group was 71.4±5.0 years and body mass index 29.1±5.9 kg/m 2 . The AAs were younger than WAs (70.3±5.1 vs. 72.4±4.7 years, p=0.06), there were no difference in body mass index (29.1±5.9 vs 27.7±5.4kg/m 2 , p=0.26). We found racial differences in MCI between our AA and WA participants. The AAs in our group had significantly lower MoCA scores compared to WAs (21±4.3 vs 25.5±3.2, p=0.0004). In addition, the systolic blood pressure (137.4±17.1 vs.128.25±14.9 mmHg, p=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (77.3±10.8 vs.72.9±9 mmHg, p=0.05) were statistically higher in our AAs compared to WAs. Finally, the A1C was statistically higher in our AA vs. WA participants (5.8±0.4 vs. 5.5±0.29%, p=0.001). Conclusions: Our pilot data clearly demonstrates racial differences in MCI. Our study confirms that AAs with MCI are younger, have higher blood pressure and A1C levels when compared to WAs. Therefore, future studies are warranted to determine whether treatment of blood pressure and dysglycemia can reverse MCI in older AAs.

scholarly journals Abnormal nocturnal blood pressure profile is associated with mild cognitive impairment in the elderly: the J-SHIPP study

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Guo ◽  
Yasuharu Tabara ◽  
Michiya Igase ◽  
Miyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Namiko Ochi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Profile

scholarly journals High Blood Pressure and Cognitive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia C. Goldstein ◽  
Allan I. Levey ◽  
N. Kyle Steenland
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
High Blood Pressure
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