scholarly journals 5-Hydroxymaltol Derived from Beetroot Juice through Lactobacillus Fermentation Suppresses Inflammatory Effect and Oxidant Stress via Regulating NF-kB, MAPKs Pathway and NRF2/HO-1 Expression

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Su-Lim Kim ◽  
Hack Sun Choi ◽  
Yu-Chan Ko ◽  
Bong-Sik Yun ◽  
Dong-Sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system against bacterial pathogens. This study isolated and examined an antioxidant derived from Lactobacillus fermentation products using cultured media with 1% beet powder. The antioxidant activity of the beet culture media was significantly high. Antioxidant activity-guided purification and repeated sample isolation yielded an isolated compound, which was identified as 5-hydoxymaltol using nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. We examined the mechanism of its protective effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of macrophages. 5-Hydroxymaltol suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. It also suppressed tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the messenger RNA and protein levels in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, it suppressed LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Furthermore, 5-hydroxymaltol reduced LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as increased nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 and heme oxygenase 1 expression. Overall, this study found that 5-hydroxymaltol has anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells based on its inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production depending on the nuclear factor κB signaling pathway, inhibition of LPS-induced reactive oxygen species production, inhibition of LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase induction, and induction of the nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Our data showed that 5-hydroxymaltol may be an effective compound for treating inflammation-mediated diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Soroseris hirsuta Extract by regulating iNOS/NF-κB and NRF2/HO-1 Pathways in Murine Macrophage RAW 264.7 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4711
Author(s):  
Woo Jin Lee ◽  
Wan Yi Li ◽  
Sang Woo Lee ◽  
Sung Keun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Iκb Kinase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Until now, the physiological effects of Soroseris hirsuta were primarily unknown. Here we have evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Soroseris hirsuta extract (SHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells. SHE inhibited nitric oxide expression and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS. Moreover, SHE suppressed LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB kinase, inhibitor of kappa B, p65, p38, and c-JUN N-terminal kinase. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that SHE suppressed p65 nuclear translocation induced by LPS. Furthermore, SHE inhibited the reactive oxygen species in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. SHE significantly increased heme oxygenase-1 expression and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. SHE suppressed LPS-induced interleukin-1β mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, SHE is a promising nutraceutical as it displays anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lasia spinosa Leaf Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Q. C. Nguyen ◽  
Tran Duy Binh ◽  
Tuan L. A. Pham ◽  
Yen D. H. Nguyen ◽  
Dai Thi Xuan Trang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites was used as a traditional medicine to treat many inflammatory diseases for centuries. However, its effects on the inflammatory response are not yet characterized. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of L. spinosa leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that ethanol extracts of L. spinosa leaves showed anti-oxidant activity due to the presence of high levels of polyphenolic compounds. Treatment with the leaf extract significantly repressed the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, L. spinosa leaf extract treatment prevented activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated kinase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways were suppressed upon treatment with the leaf extract. In addition to suppressing inflammatory factors, the extract also activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway. We propose that L. spinosa leaf extract has the potential as an effective therapeutic agent for alleviating oxidative stress and excessive inflammation.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma via Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and Inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK Signaling in LPS-Stimulated Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11715
Author(s):  
Se-Yun Cheon ◽  
Hyun-Ae Kang ◽  
Bo-Ram Jin ◽  
Hyo-Jung Kim ◽  
Yea-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The genus Epilobium consists of approximately 200 species that are distributed worldwide. Some of these herbs have been used for the treatment of diarrhea, infection, irritation, and other disorders associated with inflammation. Unlike that of other Epilobium species, there is little scientific understanding of the pharmacological effect of Epilobium amurense subsp. cephalostigma (Hausskn.) C. J. Chen, Hoch & P. H. Raven. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of an E. amurense 95% ethanol extract (EACEE) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, and observed the underlying mechanism of this effect. We measured the productions of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species, and examined the actions of EACEE on transcription factors in the macrophages. EACEE reduced NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein levels via the inhibition of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Additionally, EACEE suppressed redundant reactive oxygen species production and regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) signaling. Furthermore, EACEE significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Overall, these results indicate that EACEE exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibition of NF-κB/p38 MAPK signaling.

scholarly journals Angelicae Gigantis Radix Regulates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation in BV2 Microglia by Inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK Activity and Inducing Nrf-2 Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3755 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Yun Hee Jeong ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Younghoon Go
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Mapk Activity ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Bv2 Microglia ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Angelicae Gigantis Radix (AGR) has been widely used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. The effects of AGR on neuroinflammation have not previously been studied in detail. In the study presented here, we investigated the antineuroinflammatory properties of this herb and its mechanism of operation. The effects of AGR on neuroinflammation were studied by measuring the production of inflammatory factors and related enzymes, and analyzing the expression levels of proteins and genes involved its activity, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. We found that AGR pretreatment strongly inhibits the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and effectively induces the activation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and its regulator, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2). We also found that AGR effectively regulates the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We confirmed the antineuroinflammatory effects of the main constituents of the plant as identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results indicate that the neuroinflammation inhibitory activity of AGR occurs through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK and activation of Nrf-2.

Danshensu Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in RAW 264.7 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Lin Chih-Hung ◽  
Lan Chou-Chin ◽  
Chiu Valeria ◽  
Hsieh Po-Chun ◽  
Kuo Chan-Yen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Danshensu, isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore danshen is extensively used in many nutraceutical formulations. Reactive oxygen species are essential for the development of hypoxia-induced inflammation. Generation of reactive oxygen species by infiltrating macrophages is common in various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, tumor, and aging. To explore the mechanism underlying the attenuation of inflammation, we used RAW 264.7 cells as a model and hypoxia as an inducer of inflammation. The results showed the protective mechanism of danshensu on reactive oxygen species production, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha expression, c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B, and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression following hypoxia in RAW 264.7 cells.

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