scholarly journals Silicon Improves the Redox Homeostasis to Alleviate Glyphosate Toxicity in Tomato Plants—Are Nanomaterials Relevant?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320
Author(s):  
Cristiano Soares ◽  
Pedro Nadais ◽  
Bruno Sousa ◽  
Edgar Pinto ◽  
Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms

Given the widespread use of glyphosate (GLY), this agrochemical is becoming a source of contamination in agricultural soils, affecting non-target plants. Therefore, sustainable strategies to increase crop tolerance to GLY are needed. From this perspective and recalling silicon (Si)’s role in alleviating different abiotic stresses, the main goal of this study was to assess if the foliar application of Si, either as bulk or nano forms, is capable of enhancing Solanum lycopersicum L. tolerance to GLY (10 mg kg−1). After 28 d, GLY-treated plants exhibited growth-related disorders in both shoots and roots, accompanied by an overproduction of superoxide anion (O2•−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots. Although plants solely exposed to GLY have activated non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms (proline, ascorbate and glutathione), a generalized inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes was found, suggesting the occurrence of great redox disturbances. In response to Si or nano-SiO2 co-application, most of GLY phytotoxic effects on growth were prevented, accompanied with a better ROS removal, especially by an upregulation of the main antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Overall, results pointed towards the potential of both sources of Si to reduce GLY-induced oxidative stress, without major differences between their efficacy.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Sodium Nitroprusside Boosts Solanum lycopersicum L. Tolerance to Glyphosate by Preventing Redox Disorders and Stimulating Herbicide Detoxification Pathways

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Cristiano Soares ◽  
Francisca Rodrigues ◽  
Bruno Sousa ◽  
Edgar Pinto ◽  
Isabel M. P. L. V. O. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Detoxification Pathways

Strategies to minimize the effects of glyphosate (GLY), the most used herbicide worldwide, on non-target plants need to be developed. In this context, the current study was designed to evaluate the potential of nitric oxide (NO), provided as 200 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP), to ameliorate GLY (10 mg kg−1 soil) phytotoxicity in tomato plants. Upon herbicide exposure, plant development was majorly inhibited in shoots and roots, followed by a decrease in flowering and fruit set; however, the co-application of NO partially prevented these symptoms, improving plant growth. Concerning redox homeostasis, lipid peroxidation (LP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels rose in response to GLY in shoots of tomato plants, but not in roots. Additionally, GLY induced the overaccumulation of proline and glutathione, and altered ascorbate redox state, but resulted in the inhibition of the antioxidant enzymes. Upon co-treatment with NO, the non-enzymatic antioxidants were not particularly changed, but an upregulation of all antioxidant enzymes was found, which helped to keep ROS and LP under control. Overall, data point towards the benefits of NO against GLY in tomato plants by reducing the oxidative damage and stimulating detoxification pathways, while also preventing GLY-induced impairment of flowering and fruit fresh mass.

scholarly journals Responses of Tomato Plants under Saline Stress to Foliar Application of Copper Nanoparticles

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabián Pérez-Labrada ◽  
Elsy Rubisela López-Vargas ◽  
Hortensia Ortega-Ortiz ◽  
Gregorio Cadenas-Pliego ◽  
Adalberto Benavides-Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Absolute Control ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

The tomato crop has great economic and nutritional importance; however, it can be adversely affected by salt stress. The objective of this research is to quantify the agronomic and biochemical responses of tomato plants developed under salt stress with the foliar application of copper nanoparticles. Four treatments were evaluated: foliar application of copper nanoparticles (250 mg L−1) with or without salt stress (50 mM NaCl), salt stress, and an absolute control. Saline stress caused severe damage to the development of tomato plants; however, the damage was mitigated by the foliar application of copper nanoparticles, which increased performance and improved the Na+/K+ ratio. The content of Cu increased in the tissues of tomato plants under salinity with the application of Cu nanoparticles, which increased the phenols (16%) in the leaves and the content of vitamin C (80%), glutathione (GSH) (81%), and phenols (7.8%) in the fruit compared with the control. Similarly, the enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) increased in leaf tissue by 104%, 140%, 26%, 8%, and 93%, respectively. Foliar spraying of copper nanoparticles on tomatoes under salinity appears to induce stress tolerance to salinity by stimulating the plant’s antioxidant mechanisms.

scholarly journals Impact of Foliar Application of Chitosan Dissolved in Different Organic Acids on Isozymes, Protein Patterns and Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Tomato Grown under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Attia ◽  
Mahmoud S. Osman ◽  
Amr S. Mohamed ◽  
Hany A. Mahgoub ◽  
Mohamed O. Garada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Tomato Plants

In this study, the anti-stress capabilities of the foliar application of chitosan, dissolved in four different organic acids (acetic acid, ascorbic acid, citric acid and malic acid) have been investigated on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants under salinity stress (100 mM NaCl). Morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, secondary metabolites, oxidative stress, minerals, antioxidant enzymes activity, isozymes and protein patterns were tested for potential tolerance of tomato plants growing under salinity stress. Salinity stress was caused a reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins and potassium (K+) content. However, the contents of proline, ascorbic acid, total phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium (Na+) and antioxidant enzyme activity were increased in tomato plants grown under saline conditions. Chitosan treatments in any of the non-stressed plants showed improvements in morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activity. Besides, the harmful impacts of salinity on tomato plants have also been reduced by lowering MDA, H2O2 and Na+ levels. Chitosan treatments in either non-stressed or stressed plants showed different responses in number and density of peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes. NaCl stress led to the diminishing of protein bands with different molecular weights, while they were produced again in response to chitosan foliar application. These responses were varied according to the type of solvent acid. It could be suggested that foliar application of chitosan, especially that dissolved in ascorbic or citric acid, could be commercially used for the stimulation of tomato plants grown under salinity stress.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge enhances tomato growth and improves fruit-yield quality by restoring soil fertility

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 514-523
Author(s):  
Ebrahem Eid ◽  
Kamal Shaltout ◽  
Saad Alamri ◽  
Sulaiman Alrumman ◽  
Ahmed Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Valid Solution ◽  
Plant Crop

Among the various disposal strategies for sewage sludge (SS), soil application is the most suitable. This study was conducted to evaluate soil amendment with SS (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g/kg) and its impact on soil fertility and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth. The SS significantly improved the agromorphological attributes, the number of produced fruits, and the fruit biomass of tomato plants. The 30 g/kg application of SS led to the highest growth rate and fruit yield. Considering the fruits, the best safe enrichment of metal nutrients was recorded at 30 g/kg, with a significant increase in the micronutrient metals Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Fe with 624, 193, 125, 70, and 32%, respectively, compared to the control. The SS amendment enhanced soil fertility, and heavy metals were within the permissible ranges for agricultural soils. Bioaccumulation factors (BFs) indicated that SS application induced the accumulation of most of the studied metals in the roots, and the BF values of Zn, Cu, Ni, and Pb were > 1. The current study concluded that recirculating SS nutrient components to agricultural soils could offer a valid solution for the sustainable management of this organic waste and enhance plant-crop productivity.  

Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
L.R. Khakimova ◽  
A.M. Lavina ◽  
L.R. Karimova ◽  
V.V. Fedyaev ◽  
An.Kh. Baymiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

scholarly journals Jasmonates and Plant Salt Stress: Molecular Players, Physiological Effects, and Improving Tolerance by Using Genome-Associated Tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
Celia Delgado ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Jen-Tsung Chen ◽  
Carlos R. Figueroa
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Crop Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Ja Signaling

Soil salinity is one of the most limiting stresses for crop productivity and quality worldwide. In this sense, jasmonates (JAs) have emerged as phytohormones that play essential roles in mediating plant response to abiotic stresses, including salt stress. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms underlying the activation and response of the JA-biosynthesis and JA-signaling pathways under saline conditions in Arabidopsis and several crops. In this sense, molecular components of JA-signaling such as MYC2 transcription factor and JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) repressors are key players for the JA-associated response. Moreover, we review the antagonist and synergistic effects between JA and other hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). From an applied point of view, several reports have shown that exogenous JA applications increase the antioxidant response in plants to alleviate salt stress. Finally, we discuss the latest advances in genomic techniques for the improvement of crop tolerance to salt stress with a focus on jasmonates.

scholarly journals Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Alleviate Chilling Stress in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) by Regulating Antioxidative System and Chilling Response Transcription Factors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2196
Author(s):  
Yue Song ◽  
Meng Jiang ◽  
Huali Zhang ◽  
Ruiqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Antioxidative System ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Chilling Response

As one of the common abiotic stresses, chilling stress has negative effects on rice growth and development. Minimization of these adverse effects through various ways is vital for the productivity of rice. Nanoparticles (NPs) serve as one of the effective alleviation methods against abiotic stresses. In our research, zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs were utilized as foliar sprays on rice leaves to explore the mechanism underlying the effect of NPs against the negative impact of chilling stress on rice seedlings. We revealed that foliar application of ZnO NPs significantly alleviated chilling stress in hydroponically grown rice seedlings, including improved plant height, root length, and dry biomass. Besides, ZnO NPs also restored chlorophyll accumulation and significantly ameliorated chilling-induced oxidative stress with reduced levels of H2O2, MDA, proline, and increased activities of major antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). We further found that foliar application of ZnO NPs induced the chilling-induced gene expression of the antioxidative system (OsCu/ZnSOD1, OsCu/ZnSOD2, OsCu/ZnSOD3, OsPRX11, OsPRX65, OsPRX89, OsCATA, and OsCATB) and chilling response transcription factors (OsbZIP52, OsMYB4, OsMYB30, OsNAC5, OsWRKY76, and OsWRKY94) in leaves of chilling-treated seedlings. Taken together, our results suggest that foliar application of ZnO NPs could alleviate chilling stress in rice via the mediation of the antioxidative system and chilling response transcription factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Individual, Simultaneous and Sequential Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Meloidogyne incognita on Growth, Biochemical, Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Ahmed Noureldeen ◽  
Mohd Asif ◽  
Taruba Ansari ◽  
Faryad Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Defensive Enzymes ◽  
Sequential Inoculation ◽  
Nonenzymatic Antioxidants

This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf.

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