scholarly journals Peroxiredoxins—The Underrated Actors during Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 977
Author(s):  
Inna L. Karpenko ◽  
Vladimir T. Valuev-Elliston ◽  
Olga N. Ivanova ◽  
Olga A. Smirnova ◽  
Alexander V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Current State ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
State Of Research

Enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by various stimuli, including viral infections, has attributed much attention in the past years. It has been shown that different viruses that cause acute or chronic diseases induce oxidative stress in infected cells and dysregulate antioxidant its antioxidant capacity. However, most studies focused on catalase and superoxide dismutases, whereas a family of peroxiredoxins (Prdx), the most effective peroxide scavengers, were given little or no attention. In the current review, we demonstrate that peroxiredoxins scavenge hydrogen and organic peroxides at their physiological concentrations at various cell compartments, unlike many other antioxidant enzymes, and discuss their recycling. We also provide data on the regulation of their expression by various transcription factors, as they can be compared with the imprint of viruses on transcriptional machinery. Next, we discuss the involvement of peroxiredoxins in transferring signals from ROS on specific proteins by promoting the oxidation of target cysteine groups, as well as briefly demonstrate evidence of nonenzymatic, chaperone, functions of Prdx. Finally, we give an account of the current state of research of peroxiredoxins for various viruses. These data clearly show that Prdx have not been given proper attention despite all the achievements in general redox biology.

scholarly journals Work Engagement – A Systematic Review of Polish Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Anita Pollak ◽  
Małgorzata Chrupała-Pniak ◽  
Patrycja Rudnicka ◽  
Mateusz Paliga
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Positive Work

Abstract Over the past decade work engagement has gained both business and academia attention. With growing number of studies and meta-analyses the concept of work engagement is one of the pillars of positive work and organizational psychology. This systematic review presents the current state of research on work engagement in Poland. Results confirmed that work-engagement studies have not yet reached the threshold to conduct meta-analysis. The review of measurement methods and synthesis of findings allows to identify strengths and gaps in Polish studies. Discussion of limitations and biases in current research is accompanied with urge to overcome them and develop thriving stream of research on work engagement.

scholarly journals Stable Formation of Compositionally Unique Stress Granules in Virus-Infected Cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (7) ◽  
pp. 3654-3665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Piotrowska ◽  
Spencer J. Hansen ◽  
Nogi Park ◽  
Katarzyna Jamka ◽  
Peter Sarnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Stress Granules ◽  
Stress Granule ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Positive Strand Rna

ABSTRACT Stress granules are sites of mRNA storage formed in response to a variety of stresses, including viral infections. Here, the mechanisms and consequences of stress granule formation during poliovirus infection were examined. The results indicate that stress granules containing T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA-1) and mRNA are stably constituted in infected cells despite lacking intact RasGAP SH3-domain binding protein 1 (G3BP) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G. Fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that stress granules in infected cells do not contain significant amounts of viral positive-strand RNA. Infection does not prevent stress granule formation in response to heat shock, indicating that poliovirus does not block de novo stress granule formation. A mutant TIA-1 protein that prevents stress granule formation during oxidative stress also prevents formation in infected cells. However, stress granule formation during infection is more dependent upon ongoing transcription than is formation during oxidative stress or heat shock. Furthermore, Sam68 is recruited to stress granules in infected cells but not to stress granules formed in response to oxidative stress or heat shock. These results demonstrate that stress granule formation in poliovirus-infected cells utilizes a transcription-dependent pathway that results in the appearance of stable, compositionally unique stress granules.

scholarly journals wandering mind and performance routine in golf

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 536-549
Author(s):  
Paul Christianson ◽  
Brent Hill ◽  
Brad Strand ◽  
Joe Deutsch
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Skill Levels ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Attentional Control Theory ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
And Performance

The past decade of research has brought about new understandings in the study of pre-shot routines, with multiple researchers advancing the field of knowledge surrounding the usage of pre-shot routines as a performance enhancement mechanism. Across golfers of novice to expert skill-levels, the results of peer-reviewed studies have clearly presented the potential benefits of incorporating pre-shot routines for all golfers in improving their play. However, with the current state of research serving as an indicator as to how far we have come in our learning of pre-shot routines in golf, researchers and practitioners in the field understand that there is still a long way to go in expanding our knowledge base on pre-shot routines and their role in the golf performance spectrum. The paper reviews the concept of the wandering mind, attentional control theory, performance routines in general, and more specifically, pre-shot routines in golf.

Tolerance factors of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites: recent improvements and current state of research

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (44) ◽  
pp. 21785-21793 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Burger ◽  
M. G. Ehrenreich ◽  
G. Kieslich
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Tolerance Factors

We provide an update on the current state of the tolerance factor concept for hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, reviewing the different improvements that have been made over the past few years.

Cyber-Dependent Crimes: An Interdisciplinary Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Maimon ◽  
Eric R. Louderback
Keyword(s):  
Computer Technology ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Criminological Theories

Online crime has increased in severity and frequency over the past two decades. However, although several scientific disciplines have commonly employed criminological theories to explain this phenomenon, mainstream criminology has devoted relatively scant attention to the investigation of cyber-criminals and their victims. Drawing on this assumption that more criminological attention should be given to this important type of crime, this article presents an interdisciplinary review of the current state of research on cyber-dependent crimes (i.e., crimes that require the use of computer technology to exist, such as hacking). We begin with a brief discussion of the ecosystem of cyber-dependent crimes and the key actors who operate within it, including the online offenders and enablers, targets and victims, and guardians. Next, we review empirical scholarship that pertains to each actor while distinguishing between nontheoretical research and theoretically driven studies. We then detail methodological and theoretical avenues that should be pursued by future research and discuss why criminological research should lead policy initiatives and guide the design of technical tools that improve the scientific community's ability to generate a safer and more secure cyber-environment. We conclude by discussing potential ways in which cyber-dependent crime research could pave the way for the advancement of mainstream criminological theory and research.

scholarly journals The Demand for Fertilizer: A Critical Review

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil A. Hamdani ◽  
Nadeem Ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Policy Issue ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Past Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Current State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Fertilizer Demand

Four studies [2, 3, 7, and 11] and a comment [1] on the demand for fertilizer have appeared in this Review: All fit similar demand specifications to aggregate data for roughly the same time period. Surprisingly, each presents distinctly different results. Together, the studies provide 28 estimates of the price elasticity of fertilizer demand of which only seven are significant and even these range from - 1.21 to 0.46.1 The studies are split evenly on the policy issue of price subsidization. The implications of these results are difficult to assess. If little consensus is possible among researchers on empirical estimates from the same data, the policy implications of the estimates can be seriously discounted. Whether this is a necessary or extreme assessment is the principal question of interest posed by the current state of research on the demand for fertilizer. The aim of this paper is to review the past research with the intention to assess the conflicting estimates. We begin with a brief statement of the underlying methodology; we then critically review each past study; and, finally, we conclude with an over-all assessment of past research on the demand for fertilizer.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Zhen Zeng ◽  
Christoph Centner ◽  
Albert Gollhofer ◽  
Daniel König
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Dietary Strategies ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence.

scholarly journals Growing Apples for Hard Cider Production in the United States—Trends and Research Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Miles ◽  
Travis R. Alexander ◽  
Gregory Peck ◽  
Suzette P. Galinato ◽  
Christopher Gottschalk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
State Of Research

Hard cider, made by fermenting apple (Malus ×domestica) juice, was at one time the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in America. Largely abandoned after Prohibition, within the past 2 decades the rise in popularity of craft beverages has led to the reemergence of hard cider as an alternative to beer, wine, and spirits. Today, hard cider represents one of the fastest growing sectors within the craft beverage industry. The recent interest in cider presents additional marketing opportunities for apple growers and businesses currently involved in, or considering entering, the apple cider or craft beverages industries. However, the lack of a strong history or experience in selecting, producing, and using cider apples poses a significant challenge to this emerging market. This article reviews the current state of research in cider apple production, including economic feasibility, mechanized management, and cultivar evaluation and improvement.

NADPH oxidase CYBA polymorphisms, oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorka San José ◽  
Ana Fortuño ◽  
Óscar Beloqui ◽  
Javier Díez ◽  
Guillermo Zalba
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
System A ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research

Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathophysiology of several major cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, stroke and diabetes. ROS (reactive oxygen species) affect multiple tissues either directly or through NO depletion. ROS induce cardiovascular dysfunction by modulating cell contraction/dilation, migration, growth/apoptosis and extracellular matrix protein turnover, which contribute to vascular and cardiac remodelling. Of the several sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system, a family of multisubunit NADPH oxidases appears to be a predominant contributor of superoxide anion. Recent findings suggest a significant role of the genetic background in NADPH oxidase regulation. Common genetic polymorphisms within the promoter and exonic sequences of CYBA, the gene that encodes the p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, have been characterized in the context of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to present the current state of research into these polymorphisms in their relationship to cardiovascular diseases.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Decker ◽  
Matthew R. Shaftel
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
University Of California ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Constituent Elements

In the introduction to the volume, the editors assess the need for the collection and situate it within the current state of research in opera studies, especially focusing on the past 30 years, since the publication of Carolyn Abbate and Roger Parker’s Analyzing Opera: Verdi and Wagner (University of California Press). Although a number of books and individual articles that heed Abbate and Parker’s call to examine the music of opera within the context of its other constituent elements (e.g., plot, characterization, setting, performance) have appeared in the intervening time, the volume is the first contemporary English-language effort since that time to demonstrate this approach to analysis in action across an array of repertoire. The introduction also includes an overview of the chapters and their arrangement by authors’ semiotic focus: composer-created and work-specific structures, cultural and social codes, and narrative. Finally, the editors comment upon the broader themes that emerge from these essays.

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