scholarly journals A Balance between the Activities of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Is Crucial for Optimal Plant Growth

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 935
Author(s):  
Zhou Xu ◽  
Renshan Zhang ◽  
Meijing Yang ◽  
Yee-Song Law ◽  
Feng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Purple Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reducing Equivalents

Energy metabolism in plant cells requires a balance between the activities of chloroplasts and mitochondria, as they are the producers and consumers of carbohydrates and reducing equivalents, respectively. Recently, we showed that the overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana purple acid phosphatase 2 (AtPAP2), a phosphatase dually anchored on the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria, can boost the plant growth and seed yield of Arabidopsis thaliana by coordinating the activities of both organelles. However, when AtPAP2 is solely overexpressed in chloroplasts, the growth-promoting effects are less optimal, indicating that active mitochondria are required for dissipating excess reducing equivalents from chloroplasts to maintain the optimal growth of plants. It is even more detrimental to plant productivity when AtPAP2 is solely overexpressed in mitochondria. Although these lines contain high level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), they exhibit low leaf sucrose, low seed yield, and early senescence. These transgenic lines can be useful tools for studying how hyperactive chloroplasts or mitochondria affect the physiology of their counterparts and how they modify cellular metabolism and plant physiology.

scholarly journals Modulating the activities of chloroplasts and mitochondria promotes adenosine triphosphate production and plant growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia P. Voon ◽  
Yee-Song Law ◽  
Xiaoqian Guan ◽  
Shey-Li Lim ◽  
Zhou Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Purple Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate Production ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Reducing Equivalents

Abstract Efficient photosynthesis requires a balance of ATP and NADPH production/consumption in chloroplasts, and the exportation of reducing equivalents from chloroplasts is important for balancing stromal ATP/NADPH ratio. Here, we showed that the overexpression of purple acid phosphatase 2 on the outer membranes of chloroplasts and mitochondria can streamline the production and consumption of reducing equivalents in these two organelles, respectively. A higher capacity of consumption of reducing equivalents in mitochondria can indirectly help chloroplasts to balance the ATP/NADPH ratio in stroma and recycle NADP+, the electron acceptors of the linear electron flow (LEF). A higher rate of ATP and NADPH production from the LEF, a higher capacity of carbon fixation by the Calvin–Benson–Bassham (CBB) cycle and a greater consumption of NADH in mitochondria enhance photosynthesis in the chloroplasts, ATP production in the mitochondria and sucrose synthesis in the cytosol and eventually boost plant growth and seed yields in the overexpression lines.

scholarly journals Analysis of plant growth-promoting properties of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UCMB5113 using Arabidopsis thaliana as host plant

Planta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 245 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidar Asari ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Jakub Rolčík ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
David Velázquez Palmero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Quorum Sensing and Indole-3-Acetic Acid Degradation Play a Role in Colonization and Plant Growth Promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana by Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Zúñiga ◽  
María Josefina Poupin ◽  
Raúl Donoso ◽  
Thomas Ledger ◽  
Nicolás Guiliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Burkholderia Phytofirmans Psjn

Although not fully understood, molecular communication in the rhizosphere plays an important role regulating traits involved in plant–bacteria association. Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN is a well-known plant-growth-promoting bacterium, which establishes rhizospheric and endophytic colonization in different plants. A competent colonization is essential for plant-growth-promoting effects produced by bacteria. Using appropriate mutant strains of B. phytofirmans, we obtained evidence for the importance of N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated (quorum sensing) cell-to-cell communication in efficient colonization of Arabidopsis thaliana plants and the establishment of a beneficial interaction. We also observed that bacterial degradation of the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a key role in plant-growth-promoting traits and is necessary for efficient rhizosphere colonization. Wildtype B. phytofirmans but not the iacC mutant in IAA mineralization is able to restore promotion effects in roots of A. thaliana in the presence of exogenously added IAA, indicating the importance of this trait for promoting primary root length. Using a transgenic A. thaliana line with suppressed auxin signaling (miR393) and analyzing the expression of auxin receptors in wild-type inoculated plants, we provide evidence that auxin signaling in plants is necessary for the growth promotion effects produced by B. phytofirmans. The interplay between ethylene and auxin signaling was also confirmed by the response of the plant to a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase bacterial mutant strain.

scholarly journals Characterization of Selected Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Non-Host Growth Promotion Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Fan ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

There are pressing needs to reduce the use of agrochemicals, and PGPR are receiving increasing interest in plant growth promotion and disease protection. This study follows up our previous report that the four newly isolated rhizobacteria promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana .

scholarly journals Plantibacter flavus, Curtobacterium herbarum, Paenibacillus taichungensis, and Rhizobium selenitireducens Endophytes Provide Host-Specific Growth Promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana, Basil, Lettuce, and Bok Choy Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Mayer ◽  
Patricia Dörr de Quadros ◽  
Roberta Fulthorpe
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Endophytes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

ABSTRACT A collection of bacterial endophytes isolated from stem tissues of plants growing in soils highly contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons were screened for plant growth-promoting capabilities. Twenty-seven endophytic isolates significantly improved the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in comparison to that of uninoculated control plants. The five most beneficial isolates, one strain each of Curtobacterium herbarum, Paenibacillus taichungensis, and Rhizobium selenitireducens and two strains of Plantibacter flavus were further examined for growth promotion in Arabidopsis, lettuce, basil, and bok choy plants. Host-specific plant growth promotion was observed when plants were inoculated with the five bacterial strains. P. flavus strain M251 increased the total biomass and total root length of Arabidopsis plants by 4.7 and 5.8 times, respectively, over that of control plants and improved lettuce and basil root growth, while P. flavus strain M259 promoted Arabidopsis shoot and root growth, lettuce and basil root growth, and bok choy shoot growth. A genome comparison between P. flavus strains M251 and M259 showed that both genomes contain up to 70 actinobacterial putative plant-associated genes and genes involved in known plant-beneficial pathways, such as those for auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase production. This study provides evidence of direct plant growth promotion by Plantibacter flavus. IMPORTANCE The discovery of new plant growth-promoting bacteria is necessary for the continued development of biofertilizers, which are environmentally friendly and cost-efficient alternatives to conventional chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizer effects on plant growth can be inconsistent due to the complexity of plant-microbe interactions, as the same bacteria can be beneficial to the growth of some plant species and neutral or detrimental to others. We examined a set of bacterial endophytes isolated from plants growing in a unique petroleum-contaminated environment to discover plant growth-promoting bacteria. We show that strains of Plantibacter flavus exhibit strain-specific plant growth-promoting effects on four different plant species.

Arabidopsis thaliana: a model for studies of colonization by non-pathogenic and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 975
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. O'Callaghan ◽  
Richard A. Dixon ◽  
Edward C. Cocking
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Flavonoid Metabolism ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Genes ◽  
Growth Promoting

This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 Arabidopsis thaliana L. has many features favoring its use as a model in studies of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as diazotrophs. Several niches are colonized in the root system of Arabidopsis, including xylem, and intact colonized roots can be observed microscopically without sectioning of tissues. Studies of plant genes involved in colonization are facilitated by the ease with which plants are transformed and by the availability of mutant lines and other accessions obtainable from stock centers. Lines of Arabidopsis carrying reporter gene fusions are helping to reveal the pattern of expression of previously cloned plant genes induced by rhizobacteria. Studies utilizing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-producing PGPR and Arabidopsis that contain an auxin-responsive GUS fusion suggest that plants perceive IAA released by bacteria in the rhizosphere. The role of flavonoids in the colonization of non-legumes is being assessed using transgenic Arabidopsis with altered flavonoid metabolism and using tt mutants, which lack functional versions of specific genes for flavonoid metabolism. Studies of plant defence and of stress responses are producing molecular data on plant genes induced by inoculation of Arabidopsis roots with non-pathogens.

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