scholarly journals Fibrin Clot Formation under Oxidative Stress Conditions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Jirina Kaufmanova ◽  
Jana Stikarova ◽  
Alzbeta Hlavackova ◽  
Leona Chrastinova ◽  
Martin Maly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Fibrin Network

During coagulation, the soluble fibrinogen is converted into insoluble fibrin. Fibrinogen is a multifunctional plasma protein, which is essential for hemostasis. Various oxidative posttranslational modifications influence fibrinogen structure as well as interactions between various partners in the coagulation process. The aim was to examine the effects of oxidative stress conditions on fibrin clot formation in arterial atherothrombotic disorders. We studied the changes in in vitro fibrin network formation in three groups of patients—with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with significant carotid artery stenosis (SCAS), and with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), as well as a control group. The level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde measured by LC-MS/MS was higher in SCAS and AIS patients compared with controls. Turbidic methods revealed a higher final optical density and a prolonged lysis time in the clots of these patients. Electron microscopy was used to visualize changes in the in vitro-formed fibrin network. Fibers from patients with AIS were significantly thicker in comparison with control and ACS fibers. The number of fibrin fibers in patients with AIS was significantly lower in comparison with ACS and control groups. Thus, oxidative stress-mediated changes in fibrin clot formation, structure and dissolution may affect the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy.

scholarly journals The specifics of clotting and endogenic fibrinolysis in acute coronary syndrome patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
A. I. Kalinskaya ◽  
P. P. Savvinova ◽  
E. Yu. Vasilieva ◽  
A. V. Shpektor
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Arteriography ◽  
Maximum Density ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Vessel Lumen ◽  
St Elevation

Aim. To assess the processes of clot formation in relation to endogenic fibrinolysis in patients with various types of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. To the study, 89 persons (40 males) included: 59 with ACS, 30 — control group. Among the ACS patients, 28 were ST-elevation (STEMI), 31 with non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTEACS). All participants were assessed for clotting formation parameters and thrombus lysis with rotational elastometry on ROTEM equipment (Germany) and “Hemacore” Thrombodynamics (Russia), before coronary arteriography.Results. Clot density and its size in 10 minutes were significantly higher in ACS comparing to control patients (2867 units vs 25084 units, p<0,001; 41,8 mm vs 36,4 mm, p<0,05, respectively). The time from onset of thrombus lysis was lower in ACS (79,4 min vs 69,3 min, p<0,05). The percent of lysis by the end of process registration was lower in ACS (20,1% vs 23,1%, p<0,05). Amplitude of clot formation in 20 minutes from the onset of clotting, as the maximum density of clot were significantly higher in NSTEACS comparing to STEMI (56,2 mm vs 49,7 mm, p=0,018; 59 mm vs 53,2 mm, p=0,011; respectively). Thrombus lysis was slower in NSTEACS patients comparing to STEMI (62,26 min vs 45,5 min, p=0,02).Conclusion. With the measurement in vitro, the process of clotting and thrombus lysis is more active in ACS patients comparing to controls, that point on a baseline activated hemostasis. Within the ACS group, higher the existing clot in vessel lumen, more active the shift of the balance to anticoagulation and fibrinolysis.

Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: Before and After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Biliary Clearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176
Author(s):  
Catalin Victor Sfarti ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Carol Stanciu ◽  
Gheorghe G. Balan ◽  
Irina Garleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Before And After

Choledocholithiasis may cause biliary obstruction which leads to hepatocellular injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in this disorder. This study evaluates the oxidative stress burden in patients with choledocholithiasis and secondary cholestasis, before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Experimental part: Patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and secondary extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study between January 1st 2016 and October 31st 2016. In all patients oxidative stress markers were collected within 2 hours before and 48 hours after therapeutic ERCP. Selected markers were superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results were compared to those from a group of 40 healthy subjects. Significantly lower concentrations of SOD (p = 0.03) and GPX (p [ 0.0001) activities, associated with an increased level of MDA level (p [ 0.0001) were shown in patients before biliary clearance compared with the healthy control group. After ERCP the only oxidative stress parameter which showed improvement was the SOD specific activity (p = 0.037). This study shows that extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis is associated with increased oxidative stress status. After biliary clearance one oxidative stress marker was significantly improved (SOD), suggesting a possible antioxidant effect of such procedure.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity of Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 in an animal model of aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Ge ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Donglei Jiang ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Sterile Saline

Abstract Background Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause serious damage to the human body and may cause various chronic diseases. Studies have found that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have antioxidant and anti-aging effects, and are important resources for the development of microbial antioxidants. This paper was to explore the potential role of an antioxidant strain, Lactobacillus plantarum NJAU-01 screened from traditional dry-cured meat product Jinhua Ham in regulating D-galactose-induced subacute senescence of mice. A total of 48 specific pathogen free Kun Ming mice (SPF KM mice) were randomly allocated into 6 groups: control group with sterile saline injection, aging group with subcutaneously injection of D-galactose, treatments groups with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 107, 108, and 109 CFU/mL L. plantarum NJAU-01, and positive control group with injection of D-galactose and intragastric administration of 1 mg/mL Vitamin C. Results The results showed that the treatment group of L. plantarum NJAU-01 at 109 CFU/mL showed higher total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the antioxidant enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) than those of the other groups in serum, heart and liver. In contrast, the content of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) showed lower levels than the other groups (P < 0.05). The antioxidant capacity was improved with the supplement of the increasing concentration of L. plantarum NJAU-01. Conclusions Thus, this study demonstrates that L. plantarum NJAU-01 can alleviate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of enzymes involved in oxidation resistance and decreasing level of lipid oxidation in mice.

scholarly journals Neurological Alterations and Testicular Damages in Aging Induced by D-Galactose and Neuro and Testicular Protective Effects of Combinations of Chitosan Nanoparticles, Resveratrol and Quercetin in Male Mice

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Mohammad S. Al-Harbi ◽  
Munirah A. Al-Hazaa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Neurological Alterations

Aging is a neurological disease that is afforded by incidence of oxidative stress. Chitosan has received global interests due to its wide medical uses. Quercetin (Q) is a bioflavonoid and widely distributed in vegetables and fruits. Resveratrol is considered as a potent antioxidant and is a component of a wide range of foods. The using of either chitosan nanopartciles (CH-NPs), querectin (Q), and resveratrol (RV) to reduce the oxidative stress and biochemical alterations on brain and testicular tissues induced by D-galactose (DG) (100 mg/Kg) were the aim of the present study. This study investigated the probable protective effects of CH-NPs in two doses (140,280 mg/Kg), Q (20 mg/Kg) and RV (20 mg/Kg), against DG induced aging and neurological alterations. Brain antioxidant capacity as malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GRx), as well as histopathological damages of the brain and testicular tissues were measured. The DG treated group had significantly elevated the oxidative stress markers by 96% and 91.4% in brain and testicular tissues respectively and lower significantly the antioxidant enzyme activities of both brain and testicular tissues than those of the control group by 86.95%, 69.27%, 83.07%, and 69.43%. Groups of DG that treated with a combination of CH-NPs in two doses, Q and RV, the levels of oxidative stress marker declined significantly by 68.70%, 76.64% in brain tissues and by 74.07% and 76.61% in testicular tissues, and the enzymatic antioxidants increased significantly by 75.55%, 79.24%, 62.32%, and 61.97% as compared to the DG group. The present results indicate that CH-NPs, Q, and RV have protective effects against DG-induced brain and testis tissue damage at the biochemical and histopathological levels. Mechanisms of this protective effect of used compounds against neurological and testicular toxicity may be due to the enhanced brain and testis antioxidant capacities.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, Nut-Related Antioxidants, and Cardiovascular Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Lorenzon dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Schaan de Quadros ◽  
Camila Weschenfelder ◽  
Silvia Bueno Garofallo ◽  
Aline Marcadenti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Atherosclerosis is related to fat accumulation in the arterial walls and vascular stiffening, and results in acute coronary syndrome which is commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction. Oxidative stress participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Thus, the inclusion of food sources of dietary antioxidants, such as different kinds of nuts, may improve biomarkers related to oxidative stress, contributing to a possible reduction in atherosclerosis progression. This article has briefly highlighted the interaction between oxidative stress, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, in addition to the effect of the consumption of different nuts and related dietary antioxidants—like polyphenols and vitamin E—on biomarkers of oxidative stress in primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. Studies in vitro suggest that nuts may exert antioxidant effects by DNA repair mechanisms, lipid peroxidation prevention, modulation of the signaling pathways, and inhibition of the MAPK pathways through the suppression of NF-κB and activation of the Nrf2 pathways. Studies conducted in animal models showed the ability of dietary nuts in improving biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as oxLDL and GPx. However, clinical trials in humans have not been conclusive, especially with regards to the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Sika Deer Antler Protein on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Vitro and in Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Sun ◽  
Huihai Yang ◽  
Haonan Ruan ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Xinhong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Deer Antler

Background/Aims: Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) antler is traditional animal medicine of renal protection in East Asia. This study measured the effect of sika deer antler protein (SDAPR) on gentamicin (GM)-induced cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells, and investigated the effect of SDAPR against GM-induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Methods: HEK293 cells viability and oxidative stress were measured in HEK293 cells while flow cytometry was used for apoptosis analysis. The acute kidney injury biomarkers, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin c (Cys-C), were repeatedly measured by ELISA assay. ICR male mice were randomly assigned six groups: Control, GM with vehicle, single SDAPR, GM with SDAPR at three concentrations 50, 100, 200 mg/kg/d, p.o., 10 d. GM was injected for 8 consecutive days (100 mg/kg/d, i.p.). Renal function, oxidative stress and levels of inflammatory factors were measured in vivo. Renal tissues were stained with H&E to observe pathological changes. Results: Pretreatment with SDAPR (0.5-4.0 mg/mL) significantly improved cell viability. Treatment with SDAPR could reduce KIM-1, NGAL and Cys-C activity. SDAPR could improve antioxidant defense and attenuated apoptosis on HEK293 cells. SDAPR also ameliorated GM-induced histopathologic changes, and decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr). Additionally, SDAPR significantly regulated oxidative stress marker and interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: These results show that SDAPR could be an effective dietary supplement to relieve GM-induced nephrotoxicity by improved antioxidase activity, suppressed inflammation, and inhibited apoptosis in vitro and vivo.

Abstract 356: Adhesion of Staphylococcus Epidermidis to Fibrinogen Alters Clot Formation Kinetics and Ultimate Stiffness

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Vitale ◽  
Tianhui Ma ◽  
Michael J Solomon ◽  
J. Scott VanEpps
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Fibrin Clot ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Coagulation Proteins

Bacterial infection is known to increase the risk for thromboembolism. The mechanism underlying this correlation remains largely unknown. We recently showed that the common pathogen Staphylococcus epidermidis retards clot formation, increases clot elasticity and generates a heterogeneous clot structure that remodels over time. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of this process by evaluating the capacity for S. epidermidis to bind to fibrinogen as a function of its growth phase. We hypothesized that the effect of S. epidermidis on a fibrin clot is related to its propensity toward biofilm formation. Therefore, stationary phase (biofilm-like) S. epidermidis will have a more robust effect on clot kinetics and elasticity than exponential phase (planktonic). Furthermore, this difference is mediated by increased adhesion to fibrinogen. Rheometry was used to evaluate the formation and resultant elasticity of fibrin clots with exponential or stationary phase S. epidermidis . A functional in vitro model was developed to evaluate adhesion of S. epidermidis to a fibrinogen coated surface in a continuously flowing environment. Fluorescent labeled exponential and stationary phase S. epidermidis were visualized flowing through a parallel plate microfluidic chamber past immobilized fibrinogen. Images were obtained every 3 seconds for 30 min. Bacterial deposition rate and mean adhesion time were quantified by automated image analysis. A paired Student’s t-test was used for statistical analysis. Stationary phase S. epidermidis retards clot formation and increases resultant elasticity while exponential phase only slightly reduces elasticity. The bacterial deposition rate onto fibrinogen was significantly (p=0.03) greater for stationary phase (1741 ± 1513 cells/cm 2 · sec -1 ) vs exponential phase (676 ± 270 cells/cm 2 · sec -1 ). The average adhesion time however was similar for exponential and stationary phase cells. Coagulation proteins can provide a framework for bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and infection. In turn infected thrombi with (biofilm-like) bacteria are stiffer which correlates to more frequent bacterial binding to fibrinogen. This provides a potential molecular mechanism for infection mediated thromboembolic events.

scholarly journals Intra-Vitreal Administration of Microvesicles Derived from Human Adipose-Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells Improves Retinal Functionality in Dogs with Retinal Degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Anna Cislo-Pakuluk ◽  
Agnieszka Smieszek ◽  
Natalia Kucharczyk ◽  
Peter G.C. Bedford ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Multipotent Stromal Cells ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

This study was designed to determine the influence of microvesicles (MVs) derived from multipotent stromal cells isolated from human adipose tissue (hASCs) on retinal functionality in dogs with various types of retinal degeneration. The biological properties of hASC-MVs were first determined using an in vitro model of retinal Muller-like cells (CaMLCs). The in vitro assays included analysis of hASC-MVs influence on cell viability and metabolism. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression was also determined. Evaluation of the hASC-MVs was performed under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Preliminary clinical studies were performed on ten dogs with retinal degeneration. The clinical studies included behavioral tests, fundoscopy and electroretinography before and after hASC-MVs intra-vitreal injection. The in vitro study showed that CaMLCs treated with hASC-MVs were characterized by improved viability and mitochondrial potential, both under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Additionally, hASC-MVs under oxidative stress conditions reduced the number of senescence-associated markers, correlating with the increased expression of BDNF. The preliminary clinical study showed that the intra-vitreal administration of hASC-MVs significantly improved the dogs’ general behavior and tracking ability. Furthermore, fundoscopy demonstrated that the retinal blood vessels appeared to be less attenuated, and electroretinography using HMsERG demonstrated an increase in a- and b-wave amplitude after treatment. These results shed promising light on the application of cell-free therapies in veterinary medicine for retinal degenerative disorders treatment.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidase (Rboh) Activity is Up Regulated during Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruit Ripening

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Chu-Puga ◽  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
Marta Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
José M. Palma ◽  
Francisco J. Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

In plants, NADPH oxidase (NOX) is also known as a respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh). This highly important enzyme, one of the main enzymatic sources of superoxide radicals (O2•−), is involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which is active in the non-climacteric pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit. We used sweet pepper fruits at two ripening stages (green and red) to biochemically analyze the O2•−-generating Rboh activity and the number of isozymes during this physiological process. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an oxidative stress marker, was also assayed as an index of lipid peroxidation. In red fruits, MDA was observed to increase 2-fold accompanied by a 5.3-fold increase in total Rboh activity. Using in-gel assays of Rboh activity, we identified a total of seven CaRboh isozymes (I–VII) which were differentially modulated during ripening. CaRboh-III and CaRboh-I were the most prominent isozymes in green and red fruits, respectively. An in vitro assay showed that CaRboh activity is inhibited in the presence of nitric oxide (NO) donors, peroxynitrite (ONOO−) and glutathione (GSH), suggesting that CaRboh can undergo S-nitrosation, Tyr-nitration, and glutathionylation, respectively. In summary, this study provides a basic biochemical characterization of CaRboh activity in pepper fruits and indicates that this O2•−-generating Rboh is involved in nitro-oxidative stress associated with sweet pepper fruit ripening.

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