scholarly journals Topically Applied Taurine Chloramine Protects against UVB-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Mouse Skin

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 867
Author(s):  
Seong Hoon Kim ◽  
Hye-Won Yum ◽  
Seung Hyeon Kim ◽  
Su-Jung Kim ◽  
Kyeojin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Taurine Chloramine ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Vehicle Treated Control ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Excessive exposure to solar light, especially its UV component, is a principal cause of photoaging, dermatitis, and photocarcinogenesis. In searching for candidate substances that can effectively protect the skin from photodamage, the present study was conducted with taurine chloramine (TauCl), formed from taurine in phagocytes recruited to inflamed tissue. Irradiation with ultraviolet B (UVB) of 180 mJ/cm2 intensity caused oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death in the murine epidermis. These events were blunted by topically applied TauCl, as evidenced by the lower level of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified protein, reduced proportions of TUNEL-positive epidermal cells, and suppression of caspase-3 cleavage. In addition, the expression of two prototypic inflammatory enzymes, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Il6, Il1b, Il10) were significantly lower in TauCl-treated mice than vehicle-treated control mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of TauCl was associated with inhibition of STAT3 activation and induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, through activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Kurarinone Involves Induction of HO-1 via the KEAP1/Nrf2 Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Sakiko Nishikawa ◽  
Yasumichi Inoue ◽  
Yuka Hori ◽  
Chiharu Miyajima ◽  
Daisuke Morishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Kurarinone, a flavonoid isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, was suggested to exert potent antioxidant and immunosuppressive effects. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor that regulates the antioxidant defense system with anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we demonstrated that kurarinone activated Nrf2 and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Mechanistically, kurarinone downregulated the expression of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), subsequently leading to the activation of Nrf2. Kurarinone also inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The overexpression of HO-1 suppressed the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 cells, and the immunosuppressive effects of kurarinone were partially inhibited by a treatment with Tin Protomorphyrin IX (TinPPIX), an inhibitor of HO-1. These results indicate that kurarinone activates the KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway to induce HO-1 expression, thereby exerting immunosuppressive effects.

scholarly journals Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Yibing Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhao ◽  
Yongwang Ran ◽  
Jianyou Guo ◽  
Haifeng Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Volatile Anesthetic ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Cell Counts

AbstractBackgroundSevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, is known to induce widespread neuronal degeneration and apoptosis. Recently, the stress-inducible protein sestrin 2 and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) have been found to regulate the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppress oxidative stress. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a saponin isolated from Panax notoginseng, has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects. The effects of NGR1 against neurotoxicity induced by sevoflurane were assessed.MethodsSprague-Dawley rat pups on postnatal day 7 (PD7) were exposed to sevoflurane (3%) anesthesia for 6 h. NGR1 at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to pups from PD2 to PD7.ResultsPretreatment with NGR1 attenuated sevoflurane-induced generation of ROS and reduced apoptotic cell counts. Western blotting revealed decreased cleaved caspase 3 and Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic protein expression. NGR1 substantially upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression along with increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 levels, suggesting Nrf2 signaling activation. Enhanced sestrin-2 and phosphorylated AMPK expression were noticed following NGR1 pretreatment.ConclusionThis study revealed the neuroprotective effects of NGR1 through effective suppression of apoptosis and ROS via regulation of apoptotic proteins and activation of Nrf2/HO-1 and sestrin 2/AMPK signaling cascades.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase and heme oxygenase-1 in the lung during lipopolysaccharide tolerance and cross tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2775-2784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Koch ◽  
Olaf Boehm ◽  
Paula A. Zacharowski ◽  
Stephan A. Loer ◽  
Jörg Weimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Cross Tolerance ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide
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