scholarly journals Metabolomics Technologies for the Identification and Quantification of Dietary Phenolic Compound Metabolites: An Overview

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Anallely López-Yerena ◽  
Inés Domínguez-López ◽  
Anna Vallverdú-Queralt ◽  
Maria Pérez ◽  
Olga Jáuregui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plasma And Urine Samples ◽  
Analytical Platforms ◽  
Analytical Separation ◽  
Identification And Quantification

In the search for natural products with properties that may protect against or slow down chronic and degenerative diseases (e.g., cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative conditions), phenolic compounds (PC) with benefits for human health have been identified. The biological effects of PC in vivo depend on their bioavailability, intestinal absorption, metabolism, and interaction with target tissues. The identification of phenolic compounds metabolites (PCM), in biological samples, after food ingestion rich in PC is a first step to understand the overall effect on human health. However, their wide range of physicochemical properties, levels of abundance, and lack of reference standards, renders its identification and quantification a challenging task for existing analytical platforms. The most frequent approaches to metabolomics analysis combine mass spectrometry and NMR, parallel technologies that provide an overview of the metabolome and high-power compound elucidation. In this scenario, the aim of this review is to summarize the pre-analytical separation processes for plasma and urine samples and the technologies applied in quantitative and qualitative analysis of PCM. Additionally, a comparison of targeted and non-targeted approaches is presented, not available in previous reviews, which may be useful for future metabolomics studies of PCM.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Biological Effects of Dietary Phenolic Compounds and their Metabolites on Energy Metabolism, Inflammation and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Villegas-Aguilar ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
Sandra Pimentel-Moral ◽  
Jesús Lozano-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence

Dietary phenolic compounds are considered as bioactive compounds that have effects in different chronic disorders related to oxidative stress, inflammation process, or aging. These compounds, coming from a wide range of natural sources, have shown a pleiotropic behavior on key proteins that act as regulators. In this sense, this review aims to compile information on the effect exerted by the phenolic compounds and their metabolites on the main metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, aging and their relationship with the biological properties reported in high prevalence chronic diseases. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their pleiotropic molecular mechanisms of action and these findings raise the possibility that phenolic compounds have a wide variety of roles in different targets.

Pleiotropic Effect of Mahanine and Girinimbine Analogs: Anticancer Mechanism and its Therapeutic Versatility

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lenin Maruthanila ◽  
Ramakrishnan Elancheran ◽  
Ajaikumar B. Kunnumakkar ◽  
Senthamaraikannan Kabilan ◽  
Jibon Kotoky
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anticancer Mechanism ◽  
Metastasis Development

Emerging evidence present credible support in favour of the potential role of mahanine and girinimbine. Non-toxic herbal carbazole alkaloids occur in the edible part of Murraya koenigii, Micromelum minutum, M. zeylanicum, and M. euchrestiolia. Mahanine and girinimbine are the major potent compounds from these species. In fact, they interfered with tumour expansion and metastasis development through down-regulation of apoptotic and antiapoptotic protein, also involved in the stimulation of cell cycle arrest. Consequently, these compounds were well proven for the in-vitro and in vivo evaluation that could be developed as novel agents either alone or as an adjuvant to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, mahanine and girinimbine analogs have the potential to be the promising chemopreventive agents for the tumour recurrence and the treatment of human malignancies. In this review, an updated wide-range of pleiotropic anticancer and biological effects induction by mahanine and girinimbine against cancer cells were deeply summarized.

The molecular biology of mammalian arachidonic acid metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. L13-L28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sigal
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Wide Range

The metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes results in a wide range of oxidized products with potent biological activities. These metabolites, which include the prostaglandins and leukotrienes, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Research over the last decade has focused primarily on the elucidation of the chemical structure of the metabolites and their biological effects in vitro and in vivo. Recently, research on the enzymes that produce these bioactive metabolites through oxidization of arachidonic acid has intensified. Recombinant DNA techniques have enabled investigators to determine the nucleotide sequences for several of the enzymes in the arachidonic acid cascade. The resulting cDNAs are now being used to further investigate the biochemical and biological features of arachidonic acid metabolism. The purpose of this paper is to review how the cDNAs for these enzymes were obtained, what information they convey, and how they are being applied in current research.

scholarly journals New multiscale characterisation methodology for effective determination of isolation-structure-function relationship of extracellular vesicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh Huyen Phan ◽  
Shiva Kamini Divakarla ◽  
Jia Hao Yeo ◽  
Qingyu Lei ◽  
Priyanka Tharkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Function Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have been lauded as next generation medicines, but very few EV-based therapeutics have progressed to clinical use. Limited clinical translation is largely due to technical barriers that hamper our ability to mass-produce EVs, i.e. to isolate, purify and characterise them effectively. Technical limitations in comprehensive characterisation of EVs leads to unpredicted biological effects of EVs. Here, using a range of optical and non-optical techniques, we showed that the differences in molecular composition of EVs isolated using two isolation methods correlated with the differences in their biological function. Our results demonstrated that the isolation method determines the composition of isolated EVs at single and sub-population levels. Besides the composition, we measured for the first time the dry mass and predicted sedimentation of EVs. These parameters were shown to correlate well with the biological and functional effects of EVs on single cell and cell cultures. We anticipate that our new multiscale characterisation approach, which goes beyond traditional experimental methodology, will support fundamental understanding of EVs as well as elucidate the functional effects of EVs in in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings and methodology will be pivotal for developing optimal isolation methods and establishing EVs as mainstream therapeutics and diagnostics. This innovative approach is applicable to a wide range of sectors including biopharma and biotechnology as well as to regulatory agencies.

Mechanotransductive Effects of Acoustic Radiation Force on Osteoblastic Primary Cilium, Cytoskeleton and Ca2+ Influx

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. X. Qin ◽  
S. Zhang ◽  
J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Acoustic Radiation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Acoustic Radiation Force ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wide Range

Mechanotransduction has demonstrated potentials for tissue adaptation in vivo and in vitro. It is well documented that ultrasound, as a mechanical signal, can produce a wide variety of biological effects in vitro and in vivo[1]. For example, pulsed ultrasound can be used to accelerate the rate of bone fracture healing noninvasively. Although a wide range of studies have been done, mechanism for this therapeutic effect on bone healing is currently unknown and still under active investigation. In our previous studies, we have developed methodology allowed in vitro manipulating osteoblastic cells using acoustic radiation force (ARF) generated by ultrasound without the effects of acoustic streaming and ultrasound-induced temperature rise. Furthermore, we also confirmed that ARF modulated intracellular Ca2+ transient in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells in a strain and frequency-dependent manner. A potential mechanism by which bone cells may sense ultrasound is through their structures such as primary cilia and cytoskeletons. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the hypothesis that acoustic radiation force can regulate the activities of the primary cilium and the cytoskeleton of the cells, which act as the mechanotransductive signals to mediate Ca2+ flux, as a pathway in response to cyclic loading.

Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Traditional Uses of Curcuma spp. and Pharmacological Profile of Two Important Species (C. longa and C. zedoaria): A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 871-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Ayati ◽  
Mahin Ramezani ◽  
Mohammad Sadegh Amiri ◽  
Ali Tafazoli Moghadam ◽  
Hoda Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Curcuma, which is the most important source of curcumin, has been widely used in different traditional medicines. Various species of Curcuma have long been used for several purposes such as healing wounds, liver disorders, jaundice and also as a blood purifier. Aim of the study: This review focused on the ethnopharmacological uses and phytochemical aspects of Curcuma. Additionally, in this study, the different properties of two species of Curcuma in Islamic Traditional Medicine (ITM), C. longa and C. zedoaria, as well as their pharmacological aspects in modern medicine are reviewed. Materials and methods: ITM literatures were searched to find Curcuma’s applications. Also, electronic databases including PubMed and Scopus were searched to obtain studies giving any in vitro, in vivo or human evidence of the efficacy of C. longa and C. zedoaria in the treatment of different diseases. ChemOffice software was used to find chemical structures. Results: The analysis showed that ethno-medical uses of Curcuma have been recorded for centuries. Approximately, 427 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from Curcuma spp. This genus is rich in flavonoids, tannins, anthocyanin, phenolic compounds, oil, organic acids and inorganic compounds. Curcumin is one of the main active ingredients in Curcuma which has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Besides, pharmacological studies have indicated wide range of Curcuma’s activities, such as hepato-protective, antifungal, antihypertensive and neuroprotective. Conclusions: In this study, we reviewed various studies conducted on ethno-medicinal, ITM properties and photochemistry of Curcuma spp. Also, pharmacological activities of two species, C. longa and C. zedoaria are summarized. Pre-clinical investigations have demonstrated some of the traditional aspects of Curcuma, such as wound healing, anti-arthritic, anti-tumor and liver protective activities. These could be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Curcuma which might be due to high amounts of phenolic compounds. Curcuma is mentioned to have neural tonic properties in ITM which have been confirmed by some animal studies. Considering various preclinical studies on C. longa and C. zedoaria and their active ingredient, curcumin, randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm their promise as a clinically effective hepato and neuro-protective agents.

Analytical platforms Vitros ECi 3600 and Cobas 6000: comparative analysis of prolactin measurement

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
G. S. Kolesnikova ◽  
N. M. Malysheva ◽  
L. V. Nikankina ◽  
Z. T. Zuraeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Platforms

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the lactotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary gland and has a wide range of biological effects in the human body. Accurate measurements of prolactin concentration are essential in obtaining biochemical data to support clinical decisions in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the pituitary gland, reproductive, immune and other body systems. The aim of our study is to carry out a comparative analysis of the serum prolactin measurement determined by the two analytical platforms Vitros ECi 3600 (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics) and Cobas 6000 (Roche). Serum samples from 664 patients undergoing examination at the Endocrinology Research Center were included in the study. Comparative analysis of serum prolactin measurement showed that results obtained by the two analytical systems are consistent with each other (r = 0.89, p<0,05). Clinically accuracy of prolactin measurement and to a large extent using the same method is of particular importance in primary diagnosis, treatment and long-term follow-up of the patient.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. and Its Biological Effects on Redox Status, Immunity and Gut Microflora

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1929
Author(s):  
Nesrein M. Hashem ◽  
Mohamed G. Shehata
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Lactobacillus Species

This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities of a Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. (Cd) shoot methanolic extracts considering the biological activity of its phytogenic compounds. For this purpose, the Cd phenolic compounds were detected, and an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Cd extract was performed. For a biological evaluation, 30 v-line rabbits were randomly distributed into three groups with treatments including: a basal diet without Cd shoots powder supplement (C group) or supplemented with 1.25- (Cdl group) or 2.5 (Cdh group)-mg Cd/kg dry matter (DM). The Cd extract showed a linear scavenging activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), with the maximal activity observed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A total of 16 phenolic compounds were identified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in the Cd methanolic extract, among which benzoic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, naringenin, and o-coumaric acid were the major compounds. The methanolic extract of Cd showed inhibitory actions against microbial pathogen species. The in vivo study showed that the two concentrations of Cd significantly improved the redox status of the blood plasma and lysozyme activity. Treatment with Cdh significantly decreased the levels of interleukin-β1 in the blood plasma compared with the control. Moreover, the two concentrations of Cd significantly increased the counts of intestinal and cecal yeast and Lactobacillus species and decreased the Salmonella and Coliform species compared with the control. The aerial parts of the Cd shrub had strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities, which can improve the overall health status and seem to be related to its impressive range of biologically active phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Phyto-oestrogens through the life cycle

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aedin Cassidy ◽  
Marian Faughnan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Wide Range

The growing interest in the role of phyto-oestrogens in human health has prompted scientists to evaluate the risk : benefit which would result from consuming high levels of these compounds at different stages of the life cycle. These compounds have been shown to exert a wide range of hormonal and non-hormonal activities in animals and in vitro, and these activities suggest plausible mechanisms for potential health effects in human subjects consuming phyto-oestrogen-rich diets. In addition, experimental and epidemiological data are available supporting the concept that phyto-oestrogen-rich diets exert physiological effects in vivo; however, their relative importance to human health remains to be elucidated. Our understanding of factors involved in their absorption and metabolism, including the role of intestinal microflora, is limited, and these factors together with dose-related effects may well be important in determining clinical efficacy.

scholarly journals An Overview of New Insights into the Benefits of the Seagrass Posidonia oceanica for Human Health

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Vasarri ◽  
Anna Maria De Biasi ◽  
Emanuela Barletta ◽  
Carlo Pretti ◽  
Donatella Degl’Innocenti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
New Research ◽  
Promising Source

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile is a Mediterranean-endemic angiosperm often described for its great ecological importance. Despite evidence of a millennia-old relationship between P. oceanica and humans, as well as traditional medicine applications, the potential benefits of P. oceanica for human health have been documented only recently. This review aims to compile newly acquired knowledge on P. oceanica bioactive properties that allow the scientific community to look at this plant as a promising source of natural therapeutical products for human health. Experimental investigations conducted in both in vitro cellular-based and in vivo animal models pave the way for new research projects aiming at the development of alternative and complementary therapeutic strategies based on P. oceanica against a wide range of pathological conditions.

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