scholarly journals Ozone Pollution Alters Olfaction and Behavior of Pollinators

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 636
Author(s):  
Maryse Vanderplanck ◽  
Benoît Lapeyre ◽  
Margot Brondani ◽  
Manon Opsommer ◽  
Mathilde Dufay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Oxidative Potential ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Concentration of air pollutants, particularly ozone (O3), has dramatically increased since pre-industrial times in the troposphere. Due to the strong oxidative potential of O3, negative effects on both emission and lifetime in the atmosphere of plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have already been highlighted. VOCs alteration by O3 may potentially affect the attraction of pollinators that rely on these chemical signals. Surprisingly, direct effects of O3 on the olfaction and the behavioral response of pollinators have not been investigated so far. We developed a comprehensive experiment under controlled conditions to assess O3 physiological and behavioral effects on two pollinator species, differing in their ecological traits. Using several realistic concentrations of O3 and various exposure times, we investigated the odor antennal detection and the attraction to VOCs present in the floral scents of their associated plants. Our results showed, in both species, a clear effect of exposure to high O3 concentrations on the ability to detect and react to the floral VOCs. These effects depend on the VOC tested and its concentration, and the O3 exposure (concentration and duration) on the pollinator species. Pollination systems may, therefore, be impaired in different ways by increased levels of O3, the effects of which will likely depend on whether the exposure is chronic or, as in this study, punctual, likely causing some pollination systems to be more vulnerable than others. While several studies have already shown the negative impact of O3 on VOCs emission and lifetime in the atmosphere, this study reveals, for the first time, that this impact alters the pollinator detection and behavior. These findings highlight the urgent need to consider air pollution when evaluating threats to pollinators.

If I Had Something to Add, I Would

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-96
Author(s):  
Isaac A. Lindquist ◽  
Emily E. Adams ◽  
Joseph A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Job Attitudes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Meeting Effectiveness ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Abstract. Most employees participate in workplace meetings, and their experiences in meetings can vary greatly, which can lead to positive or negative effects on both job attitudes and behavior. In this study, we examined the effect that a meeting attendee’s competence in the meeting topic had on their participation in the meeting and their perception of meeting effectiveness. Results indicated those with higher levels of competence in the meeting topic were more likely to participate and through participation found their meeting more effective; this relationship was stronger when employee dissent in the meetings was high. Leaders should ensure that those who are present in a meeting are competent in the topic of the meeting and encourage them to participate.

Epistemologi Dalam Filsafat Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Diana Ana Sari
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract: The presence of epistemology in western philosophy is very influential in life, especially in regulating the strategy of power or power to achieve goals. The style of western thought brought a big change in the knowledge of thinking, perspectives, and behavior that became the motors of civilization. Two main influential schools in the study of western philosophy such as rationalism and empiricism are conflicting. Both favor reason and five senses, but also inseparable from the weaknesses of each that will be revealed by researchers. Likewise the negative impact behind the superiority of western epistemology on the nature and development and existence of humans.

The influence of media on upbringing and behavior of children

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Dr. Entisar Al-Obaidi
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Family Home ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Harmful Effects

Media refers to the channels of communication through which we distribute news, education, movies, music, advertising messages and other information. It includes physical and online newspapers and magazines, television, radio, telephone, the Internet, fax and billboards, are a dominant force in lives of children. Although television is remaining the predominant medium for children and adolescents, the new technologies are become more popular. We have to concern about the potential harmful effects of media "messages and images"; however, the positive and negative effects of media should be recognized. Parents have to establish the plan for all media in family home. Media that are influences on children should be recognized by "schools, policymakers, product advertisers, and entertainment producers".

Problems of Development of Small and Medium Russian Towns

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V V. Kafidov ◽  
V. N. Filippov ◽  
I. P. Filippova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
New Buildings

The presented study addresses the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. Aim. The study aims to examine a town as a socio-economic environment where its residents exist and as the fundamental factor for the development of society.Tasks. The authors identify key problems in the development of small and medium Russian towns, which interferes with the historical appearance and has a negative impact on the living environment.Methods. Problems in the development of small and medium towns in Russia are examined using theoretical methods: systematic approach, statistical analysis, social and philosophical analysis.Results. The study identifies the main negative effects of the existing model of development of small and medium Russian towns, such as destruction of their historical and cultural appearance, distortion of the overall architectural motif, increased load on communications, and congestion of the transport infrastructure.Conclusions. At the current stage, efficient development of small and medium towns in Russia is impossible within the framework of the existing infill development. This chaotic process cannot be stopped without a new conceptual approach and changes in the legislative and normative framework of urban development. The only factor that determines the boundaries of the existing approach to urban development is the lack of physical space for new buildings in urban areas. The authors formulate proposals that would help to solve the problems of development of small and medium towns in Russia. 

The Effects of Corporate Ownership on Public Accountants' Professionalism and Ethics

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Shafer ◽  
D. Jordan Lowe ◽  
Timothy J. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
Current Trend ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Corporate Ownership ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Corporate Acquisitions ◽  
Accounting Professionals ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
And Control ◽  
First Time

The current trend toward corporate acquisitions of CPA firms poses potential threats to the autonomy and ethical standards of public accounting professionals. This recent consolidation movement suggests that for the first time a significant number of public accounting professionals are subject to the supervision and control of nonprofessionals. In addition to acknowledging the potential threats to auditor independence and objectivity, this paper suggests that these new organizational arrangements for the provision of public accounting services have other negative effects on professionalism and ethics such as desensitizing CPAs to traditional professional values, and subverting professional institutions to the goals of corporate employers. This paper develops a framework that identifies several specific research questions related to the effects of corporate ownership on professionalism and ethics in public accounting.

The role of pathos: from argumentative responses to feeling and emotions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Short Distance ◽  
Social World ◽  
Legal Rhetoric ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

Chapter 10 is devoted to the role of emotions or pathos. Pathos was the term ordinarily used to denote the notion of audience. For the first time since Aristotle, emotions receive a full role in a treatise on rhetoric. The responses of the audience are modulated by its emotions. What is their nature and how precisely do they operate? The areas of political and legal rhetoric are examined here in the light of an original view of the theory of distance: values at greater distance become passions at short distance, and this is one of the features which demarcates politics from law. Law and politics are not merely argumentative, nor are they entirely emotional. The norms they codify are often implicit in their shaping of our mutual expectations and behavior in the social world.

scholarly journals In the Same Boat, but not Equals: The Heterogeneous Effects of Indirect Taxation on Child Health in Punjab-Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Ur Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Lower Income Group ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe 2011 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan revealed that 51% of the country’s population was consuming less than 2,100 calories a day. In the backdrop of rising food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition in Pakistan, this study aims to measure the effects of indirect taxation on health outcomes of children (<5 years). More specifically, the impact of the incidence of General Sales Tax (GST) in the province of Punjab has been estimated on a child’s height and weight. The proponents of the uniform GST argue that the tax would not affect children because most food items consumed by children are exempted from the GST. However, the opponents believe that households, especially those belonging to the lower-income group, would reallocate resources away from children in the face of higher GST. To study these effects, we utilized three different waves (2007–08, 2011 & 2014) of Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys (MICS). The results show that the tax incidence, and not the GST rate, has a significantly negative impact on children’s height-for-age Z-score (HAZ). No effect was found on the weight-for-age-z-score (WAZ). These results are robust to different specifications and exhibit considerable heterogeneity across different income groups. These findings suggest that the exemption of certain food items for children from the GST may not eliminate the negative effects of this tax on a child’s health. Thus, our study raises concerns about the long term welfare consequences of GST.

scholarly journals Transvaginal Hybrid-NOTES procedures—do they have a negative impact on pregnancy and delivery?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Thomaidis ◽  
Niklas J. Weltermann ◽  
Claudia S. Seefeldt ◽  
Dana C. Richards ◽  
Axel Sauerwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Desire For Children ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Hybrid Notes ◽  
Type Of Delivery

Abstract Purpose We conducted a retrospective observational study in order to identify negative effects of NOTES procedures (Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery) with transvaginal specimen removal on pregnancy and delivery. Methods From the total population of 299 patients in our NOTES registry, we tried to contact the 121 patients who were of reproductive age (≤ 45 years) at the time of a transvaginal NOTES procedure. They were interviewed by telephone regarding their desire for children, post NOTES-operation pregnancies, and type of delivery using a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed and compared with current data. Results We were able to contact 76 patients (follow-up rate: 62.8%) with a median follow-up of 77 months after surgery (33–129 months). Twenty of 74 participating patients had a desire for children (27.0%). One of them and another's male partner were diagnosed as infertile. Regarding the remaining 18 patients, 14 became pregnant, and three of them became pregnant twice. Considering these 17 pregnancies, there was one miscarriage (5.9%) and one twin birth (5.9%). On average, childbirth occurred 44 months after the NOTES procedure. With regard to the type of delivery, 10 vaginal births (58.8%) and 7 caesarean sections (41.2%) occurred. Thus, the rate of fulfilled desire for children was 77.8%. Compared with the literature, no difference to the normal course could be detected. Conclusion There is no sign that the transvaginal approach in Hybrid-NOTES, with removal of the specimen through the vagina, has a negative effect on conception, the course during pregnancy, or the type of delivery.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Newly Developed Extruded Products Supplemented with Plants in a Form of Microwave-Expanded Snacks

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2791
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lisiecka ◽  
Agnieszka Wójtowicz ◽  
Marek Gancarz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Extrusion Cooking ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Texture Profile ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Extruded Products

The following research focuses on the possibility of applying fresh plant material as a carrot pulp to supplement newly developed extruded products in the form of pellets and microwave-expanded snacks. Fresh carrot pulp, as a valuable vegetable ingredient, was used in the amount of 2.5 g/100 g to 30.0 g/100 g in a potato-based recipe. The snack pellets were processed via extrusion-cooking, using a single-screw extruder with a plasticizing unit L/D = 18, and the use of variable screw speeds. The produced pellets underwent microwave expansion to limit the fat content, so as to produce ready-to-eat (RTE) snacks. The pellets and snacks were tested for nutritional value, as well as for selected quality features: physical properties, structure, pasting characteristics, and texture profile, and PCA analysis and a correlation matrix were performed on the obtained results. Microwave expansion of pellets increased the total phenolic content, the antioxidant activity, water absorption index and lightness of snacks, but decreased the bulk density and setback values of the expanded products when compared to pellets. Generally, we found that it was possible to use up to 30.0 g/100 g of fresh carrot pulp with a positive effect on nutritional value, and without negative effects on the physical properties of extruded products. Both the extrusion-cooking and microwave expansion can minimize the negative impact on plant materials, due to the short processing time.

scholarly journals Internal melt figures in ice by rapid adiabatic compression

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (134) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
R.E. Gagnon ◽  
C. Tulk ◽  
H. Kiefte
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Adiabatic Compression ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Deep Focus ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
First Time

AbstractSingle crystals and bicrystals of water ice have been adiabatically pressurized to produce, and clearly illustrate, two types of internal melt figures: (1) dendritic figures that grow from nucleation imperfections on the specimen’s surface, or from air bubbles at grain boundaries, into the ice as pressure is elevated; and (2) compression melt fractures, flat liquid-filled disks, that nucleate at imperfections in the crystal and grow with the application of pressure eventually to sprout dendritic fingers at the periphery. The transparency of the ice permitted visualization of the growth and behavior of the figures, and this could be an important tool in understanding the role of phase transformations in deep-focus earthquakes. Correlation between figure size and pressure is noted for the first time.

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