scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Regulates Plant Growth, Physiology, Antioxidant Defense, and Ion Homeostasis to Confer Salt Tolerance in the Mangrove Species, Kandelia obovata

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
Masashi Inafuku ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
Hirosuke Oku
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Ion Toxicity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis

Facultative halophyte Kandelia obovata plants were exposed to mild (1.5% NaCl) and severe (3% NaCl) salt stress with or without sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 100 µM; a NO donor), hemoglobin (Hb, 100 µM; a NO scavenger), or Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 µM; a NO synthase inhibitor). The plants were significantly affected by severe salt stress. They showed decreases in seedling growth, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, and disrupted antioxidant defense systems, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and visible oxidative damage. Salt stress also induced ion toxicity and disrupted nutrient homeostasis, as indicated by elevated leaf and root Na+ contents, decreased K+ contents, lower K+/Na+ ratios, and decreased Ca contents while increasing osmolyte (proline) levels. Treatment of salt-stressed plants with SNP increased endogenous NO levels, reduced ion toxicity, and improved nutrient homeostasis while further increasing Pro levels to maintain osmotic balance. SNP treatment also improved gas exchange parameters and enhanced antioxidant enzymes’ activities (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and dehydroascorbate reductase). Treatment with Hb and l-NAME reversed these beneficial SNP effects and exacerbated salt damage, confirming that SNP promoted stress recovery and improved plant growth under salt stress.

scholarly journals Exogenous Tebuconazole and Trifloxystrobin Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism Toward Mitigating Salt-Induced Damages in Cucumber Seedling

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohsin ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. Bhuyan ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Masayuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems

The present study investigated the role of tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Tokiwa) under salt stress (60 mM NaCl). The cucumber plants were grown semi-hydroponically in a glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two different doses of fungicides (1.375 µM TEB + 0.5 µM TRI and 2.75 µM TEB + 1.0 µM TRI) solely and in combination with NaCl (60 mM) for six days. The application of salt phenotypically deteriorated the cucumber plant growth that caused yellowing of the whole plant and significantly destructed the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids. The oxidative damage was created under salinity by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolytic leakage (EL) resulting in the disruption of the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, in the leaves, stems, and roots of cucumber plants increased Na+ content was observed under salt stress, whereas the K+/Na+ ratio and contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ decreased. In contrast, the exogenous application of TEB and TRI reduced the contents of MDA, H2O2, and EL by improving the activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, ion homeostasis was regulated by reducing Na+ uptake and enhanced K+ accumulation and the K+/Na+ ratio after application of TEB and TRI. Therefore, this study indicates that the exogenous application of TEB and TRI enhanced salt tolerance in cucumber plants by regulating reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defense systems.

Salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings: Role of indoleamines in stress alleviation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
Mukund R. Shukla ◽  
Vikramjit S. Bajwa ◽  
Jose A. Freixas-Coutin ◽  
Praveen K Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Aba Insensitive

Salinity is a major environmental stress in agriculture with significantly detrimental effects on crop productivity. The development of strategies to enhance salinity stress tolerance in plants is essential to ensure crop production in saline environments. Melatonin (Mel) and serotonin (Ser) accumulate in response to environmental stresses and are presumed to play protective roles and improve growth of tissues during recovery. In this study, the effects of Mel and Ser were investigated in Arabidopsis under NaCl stress. Exogenous Mel (10 µM) and Ser (10 µM) treatment significantly increased fresh weight, lateral root number, and shoot height in A. thaliana seedlings exposed to NaCl stress (25 mM and 50 mM) compared to the non-treated control seedlings. In order to understand the role of these indoleamines in alleviating salt stress, we investigated the effects of Mel and Ser treatments on the expression of salt stress responsive genes including, transcription factors involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3)and ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5); ABA responsive gene, RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 29B (RD29B), ABA-independent gene, RESPONSIVE TO DESSICATION 29A (RD29A) and Arabidopsis trithorax-like gene (ATX1) which function in stress responses via ABA-dependent and ABA-independent manner. Other genes included, ROS-signaling transcription factor ZAT10 and ZAT12, and the genes encoding ion transporters crucial for maintaining ion homeostasis, HIGH AFFINITY K+ TRANSPORTER 5 (HAK5) and SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE 1 (SOS1). Mel (10 µM) pre-treatment for 24 hrs followed by 50 mM salt treatment up-regulated ABI3, RD29B, ZAT12 and HAK5. The Ser (10 µM) pre-treatment significantly up-regulated ZAT12.These results indicate that indoleamine pre-treatment improved plant growth under salt stress with Mel facilitating salt tolerance via upregulation of ABA responsive genes, mediation of antioxidant defense systems to counteract the salt-induced ROS overproduction as well as controlling ion homeostasis. Although Ser displayed no significant effects on ABA signaling, it was found to increase the expression of antioxidant defense gene, ZAT12. This study demonstrates the importance of indoleamine pathway in mediation of salt stress response and provides the first indication of the involvement of Ser in salt stress tolerance. 

scholarly journals Exogenous Salicylic Acid-Mediated Physiological Responses and Improvement in Yield by Modulating Antioxidant Defense System of Wheat under Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul FARDUS ◽  
Md. Abdul MATIN ◽  
Md. HASANUZZAMAN ◽  
Md. Shahadat HOSSAIN ◽  
Sheymol Dev NATH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Salt Stress Condition ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

Present study investigates the regulatory roles of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) in physiology, antioxidant defense systems and yield of wheat under different salt stress condition. The experiment was conducted with two varieties i.e. BARIGom 21 and BARIGom 25 and ten salt stress treatments viz. control (without salt), SA (1 mMsalicylic acid), S50 (50 mMsalt stress), S50+SA (50 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S100 (100 mMsalt stress), S100+SA (100 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S150 (150 mMsalt stress), S150+SA (150 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA), S200 (200 mMsalt stress) and S200+SA (200 mMsalt stress with 1 mMSA). Leaf relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll (chl) content reduced due to salt stress. The malondialdelyde (MDA) and H2O2 were increased under the stress condition. The ascorbate (AsA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) and GSH/GSSG ratio were reduced by salt stresses (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM, respectively). But the glutathione disulfide (GSSG) amount increased with an increase in the all level of salinity. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and catalase (CAT) activities showed a significant reduction in response to salt stress but CAT increased only at 100 mM stress condition. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly with severe salt stress (200 mM). But the activity of peroxidase (POD) was decreased with increasing salinity level. At harvest, salt stresses reduced the effective tiller hill-1, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index for both of varieties. However, number of non-effective tiller hill-1 significantly increased in response of salt stress. Exogenous 1 mM SA application with salt stress improved physiological parameters, yield and reduced oxidative damage in both cultivars whereBARI Gom 25 showed better tolerance. But, SA application could not improve physiological parameters and yield at extreme level of salt stress (200 mM).

scholarly journals Supplemental Selenium and Boron Mitigate Salt-Induced Oxidative Damages in Glycine max L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2224
Author(s):  
Mira Rahman ◽  
Khussboo Rahman ◽  
Khadeja Sultana Sathi ◽  
Md. Mahabub Alam ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
H2o2 Content ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Different Levels

The present investigation was executed with an aim to evaluate the role of exogenous selenium (Se) and boron (B) in mitigating different levels of salt stress by enhancing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems in soybean. Plants were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 450 mM NaCl at 20 days after sowing (DAS). Foliar application of Se (50 µM Na2SeO4) and B (1 mM H3BO3) was accomplished individually and in combined (Se+B) at three-day intervals, at 16, 20, 24 and 28 DAS under non-saline and saline conditions. Salt stress adversely affected the growth parameters. In salt-treated plants, proline content and oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were increased with the increment of salt concentration but the relative water content decreased. Due to salt stress catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activity decreased. However, the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) increased under salt stress. On the contrary, supplementation of Se, B and Se+B enhanced the activities of APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GR, CAT, GPX, GST, POD, Gly I and Gly II which consequently diminished the H2O2 content and MDA content under salt stress, and also improved the growth parameters. The results reflected that exogenous Se, B and Se+B enhanced the enzymatic activity of the antioxidant defense system as well as the glyoxalase systems under different levels of salt stress, ultimately alleviated the salt-induced oxidative stress, among them Se+B was more effective than a single treatment.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment with Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 Promotes Wheat Seedling Growth under NaCl Stress Through Activating the Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidant Defense Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuwu Zhang ◽  
Bingliang Xu ◽  
Yantai Gan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Scavenging Enzymes ◽  
Different Levels

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity worldwide. Species of Trichoderma are widely recognized for their bio-control abilities, but little information is regarding to the ability and mechanisms of their promoting plant growth and enhancing plant tolerance to different levels of salt stress. Hence, we determined (i) the role of Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6 (TL-6) in promoting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination and seedling growth under different levels of salt stress, and (ii) the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced tolerance of wheat to salt stress by TL-6. Wheat seeds treated with or without TL-6 were grown under different levels of salt stress in controlled environmental conditions. As such, the TL-6 treatments promoted seed germination and increased the shoot and root weights of wheat seedlings under both non-stress and salt-stress conditions. Wheat seedlings with TL-6 treatments under different levels of NaCl stress increased proline content by an average of 11%, ascorbate 15%, and glutathione 28%; and decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) by an average of 19% and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 13%. The TL-6 treatments induced the transcriptional level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes, leading to the increases of glutathione s-transferase (GST) by an average of 17%, glutathione peroxidase (GPX) 16%, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) 17%, glutathione reductase (GR) 18%, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) 5%. Our results indicate that the beneficial strain of TL-6 effectively scavenged ROS under NaCl stress through modulating the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes, regulating the transcriptional levels of ROS scavenging enzyme gene expression, and enhancing the nonenzymatic antioxidants in wheat seedling in response to salt stress. Our present study provides a new insight into the mechanisms of TL-6 can activate the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems and enhance wheat seedling tolerance to different levels of salt stress at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.

scholarly journals Manganese-induced salt stress tolerance in rice seedlings: regulation of ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Jubayer-Al Mahmud ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Salt Stress Tolerance

scholarly journals The Growth Promotion of Two Salt-Tolerant Plant Groups with PGPR Inoculation: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Pan ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Xian Xue ◽  
Quangang You ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Plant Groups

Understanding the primary mechanisms for plant promotion under salt stress with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation of different salt-tolerant plant groups would be conducive to using PGPR efficiently. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate plant growth promotion and uncover its underlying mechanisms in salt-sensitive plants (SSP) and salt-tolerant plants (STP) with PGPR inoculation under salt stress. PGPR inoculation decreased proline, sodium ion (Na+) and malondialdehyde but increased plant biomass, nutrient acquisition (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ion (K+), calcium ion (Ca2+), and magnesium ion (Mg2+)), ion homeostasis (K+/Na+ ratio, Ca2+/Na+ ratio, and Mg2+/Na+ ratio), osmolytes accumulation (soluble sugar and soluble protein), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase), and photosynthesis (chlorophyll, carotenoid, and photosynthetic rate) in both SSP and STP. The effect size of total biomass positively correlated with the effect sizes of nutrient acquisition and the homeostasis of K+/Na+, and negatively correlated with the effect size of malondialdehyde in both SSP and STP. The effect size of total biomass also positively correlated with the effect sizes of carotenoid and the homeostasis in Ca2+/Na+ and Mg2+/Na+ and negatively correlated with the effect size of Na+ in SSP, but it only negatively correlated with the effect size of Ca2+ in STP. Our results suggest that the plant growth improvement depends on the nutrient acquisition enhancement in both SSP and STP, while ion homeostasis plays an important role and carotenoid may promote plant growth through protecting photosynthesis, reducing oxidative damage and promoting nutrient acquisition only in SSP after PGPR inoculation under salt stress.

scholarly journals Alleviation of salt stress in citrus seedlings inoculated with mycorrhiza: changes in leaf antioxidant defense systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.S. Wu ◽  
Y.N. Zou ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
X.F. Ye ◽  
H.F. Zai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Defense Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation

Citrus is a salt-sensitive plant. In the present study, the salt stress ameliorating the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through antioxidant defense systems was reported. Three-month-old trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings colonized by Glomus mosseae or G. versiforme were irrigated with 0 and 100 mmol NaCl solutions. After 49 days of salinity, mycorrhizal structures were obviously restrained by salt stress. Mycorrhizal inoculation especially G. mosseae significantly alleviated the growth reduction of salinity. There were notably lower malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents in the leaves of mycorrhizal seedlings than in non-mycorrhizal ones. Mycorrhizal seedlings recorded notably greater activity of catalase and contents of ascorbate, soluble protein and glutathione under salinity or non-salinity conditions. The seedlings colonized by G. mosseae showed significantly higher antioxidant defense systems response to salinity than by G. versiforme. Our data demonstrate that mycorrhizal (especially G. mosseae) citrus seedlings exhibited greater efficient antioxidant defense systems, which provide better protection against salt damage.

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