scholarly journals (−)-Epicatechin—An Important Contributor to the Antioxidant Activity of Japanese Knotweed Rhizome Bark Extract as Determined by Antioxidant Activity-Guided Fractionation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Urška Jug ◽  
Katerina Naumoska ◽  
Irena Vovk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Compound Identification ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Ic50 Value

The antioxidant activities of Japanese knotweed rhizome bark extracts, prepared with eight different solvents or solvent mixtures (water, methanol, 80% methanol(aq), acetone, 70% acetone(aq), ethanol, 70% ethanol(aq), and 90% ethyl acetate(aq)), were determined using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging assay. Low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (2.632–3.720 µg mL−1) for all the extracts were in the range of the IC50 value of the known antioxidant ascorbic acid at t0 (3.115 µg mL−1). Due to the highest extraction yield (~44%), 70% ethanol(aq) was selected for the preparation of the extract for further investigations. The IC50 value calculated for its antioxidant activity remained stable for at least 14 days, while the IC50 of ascorbic acid increased over time. The stability study showed that the container material was of great importance for the light-protected storage of the ascorbic acid(aq) solution in a refrigerator. Size exclusion–high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC)–UV and reversed phase (RP)-HPLC-UV coupled with multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) were developed for fractionation of the 70% ethanol(aq) extract and for further compound identification, respectively. In the most potent antioxidant SEC fraction, determined using an on-line post-column SEC-HPLC-DPPH assay, epicatechin, resveratrol malonyl hexoside, and its in-source fragments (resveratrol and resveratrol acetyl hexoside) were tentatively identified by RP-HPLC-MSn. Moreover, epicatechin was additionally confirmed by two orthogonal methods, SEC-HPLC-UV and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometry. Finally, the latter technique enabled the identification of (−)-epicatechin. (−)-Epicatechin demonstrated potent and stable time-dependent antioxidant activity (IC50 value ~1.5 µg mL−1) for at least 14 days.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF UNRIPE AEGLE MARMELOS CORR. FRUITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Gupta D ◽  
John PP ◽  
Kumar P ◽  
Jain J
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Aegle Marmelos ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Assay

Aegle marmelos Corr. (Rutaceae), commonly known as Bael, is a tree of Indian origin, well known from ancient period andprescribed for various ailments in Ayurveda. Utilization of bael fruit in day-to-day life has a great nutritional, environmental as well ascommercial importance. Every part of Aegle marmelos including stem, bark, root, leaves, fruit and seeds at all stages of maturity possesmedicinal virtues and has been used in Ethno medicine to exploit its medicinal properties. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine theantioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Aegle marmelos unripe or half ripe fruits. Material and Methods: The antioxidant activity was doneby using DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The IC50 (The concentration of sample required to scavenge 50% of DPPH free radical) wascalculated by plotting graph between % inhibition vs concentration. The ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant. Result and Discussion:The IC50 value of extract and ascorbic acid was found to be 62.59μg/ml and 2.80μg/ml. The antioxidant activity found in Aegle marmelos maybe associated with their main phytochemical compounds like flavonoids, phenols and tannins. Conclusion: This activity supports that the fruitcan be used as natural antioxidant to treat free radical induced cellular damages and can also be used as adjuvant with other drugs to givesynergistic effects.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Minyak Atsiri dan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Sintok (Cinnamomum sintoc Bl.) terhadap 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH)

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Adi Sumiwi ◽  
Anas Subarnas ◽  
Supriyatna Supriyatna ◽  
Marline Abdassah Bratadiredja
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Radical Scavenging Effect

Sintoc (Cinnamomum sintoc Bl.) is a plant which is used as medicine. This plant has been known to have an analgesic antiinflamatory activity, therefore it is predicted to have an antioxidant activity. An investigation on antioxidant activity of sintoc essential oils and ethanolic extract of its cortex using ascorbic acid as standard has been carried out. Essential oils and ethanol extract of sintoc cortex was tested using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikril-hidrazil) by measuring absorbance using visible spectrophotometer at 518 nm. The methods of this research were distillation of essential oils and extraction of sintoc cortex, determination of the essential oil and extract concentrations required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect (IC50) with ascorbic acid as the possitive control. The variation concentration  of essential oils are 15, 5, 1, 0.1, 0.5 ppm and 25, 20, 17, 15, 10 ppm for ethanolic extracts. The results showed that the essential oil showed antioxidant activity with IC50 value was 16.29 ppm (5 times lower than ascorbic acid) and then ethanolic extract showed IC50 value 38.89 ppm (11 times lower than ascorbic acid, IC50 of ascorbic acid was 3.35 ppm).

scholarly journals FRACTIONATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM KAFFIR LIME (Citrus hystrix) PEEL EXTRACT AND EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

REAKTOR ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusak Adi Wijaya ◽  
Daniel Widyadinata ◽  
Wenny Irawaty ◽  
Aning Ayucitra
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Lime Peel ◽  
Antioxidative Property

Side effects of drug-based treatment observed in patients during degenerative diseases treatments has directed towards to the identification of plants with antioxidant activity. Kaffir lime peel was selected in this study. This work was aimed to investigate the effect of solvent (hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) polarity on the fractionation of ethanolic crude extract and assess its antioxidative property by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results show semi polar solvent of ethyl acetate exhibited the best solvent to extract phenolic compounds from ethanolic kaffir lime peel with total phenolic content detected was 0.12 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/mg. The employment of solvents possessing different polarity resulted several fractions, i.e. hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residue with different type of phenolic compounds in each fraction. Accordingly, each fraction exhibited different antioxidant activity against free radical compound of DPPH. The N-butanol fraction demonstrated the strongest activity which is shown by lowest IC50 value among the fractions tested. The fraction of n-butanol exhibited the IC50 value of 0.44 mg/mL which means that only 0.44 mg of the fraction/mL is required to inhibit the neutralization of DPPH by 50%. Phenolic identification by High Performance Liquid Chromatography indicates the different phenolic compounds in each fraction that contribute to antioxidative property to different extent. Further investigation to identify these phenolic compounds will lead to further development of kaffir lime as natural antioxidant to treat specific degenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Synthesis of some novel 3- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -5- (4-substituted) -4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potent antioxidant agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1571-1577
Author(s):  
Lakshminarayanan B ◽  
Kannappan N ◽  
Subburaju T ◽  
Kalaichelvan V K
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ic50 Value

Pyrazolines are the most useful heterocyclic moiety in Pharmaceutical and Chemical fields and as the most potential molecules for the design of new chemical entities. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyrazolines and their derivatives showed a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant properties. In the present study, eleven novel ethoxylated pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensing chalcones with electron releasingethoxy group at one end and different electron-donating, electron-withdrawing groups in another end with hydrazine hydrate andalcohol. The compounds synthesized were structural elucidated by their spectroscopic studies. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant potential by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay methods.Some of these molecules possess moderate to good antioxidant activitywhen compared to standard ascorbic acid. The compound with methoxy group (EH2) exhibits potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 9.02 and 9.44µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assay method respectively and the compound with hydroxy group (EH9) also showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 12.41 and 14.56µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavengingassay method respectively when compared to standard. The compounds containing electron-donating substituents were found to be good antioxidantswhen compared to standard ascorbic acid.

Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of a New Class of Thienopyrimidine-rhodanine Hybrids

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerru Nagaraju ◽  
Venkata H.S.S. Bhaskaruni ◽  
Ravada Kishore ◽  
Suresh Maddila ◽  
Parvesh Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Background: Antioxidants are proficient of stabilizing agents in the target cells and biological systems. The homeostatic equilibrium between the reactive oxygen species and endogenous antioxidants is important in maintaining healthy tissues. As some antioxidant agent’s show improved resistance, it is necessary to design the new heterocyclic molecules to form potent antioxidant agents with promising pharmacological applications. Moreover, thienopyrimidine derivatives has been the subject of much research due to their significance in different applications and their extensive potential pharmacological and medicinal activities like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and antimalarial properties. Although, recently rhodanine was reported as privileged hybrid in drug discovery and exhibited pharmacological activities such as anti-malarial, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic agents. Hence, the development of new molecules within the scope of synthetic procedure of thienopyrimidine scaffold for heterocyclic synthesis would be worthy and well desired. Methods: All the target thienopyrimidine-rhodanine derivatives (5a-l) prepared from the Knoevenagel condensation with different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid and 3-(thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (4). Although, all the synthesized compounds tested for their anti-oxidant activity investigated using DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) and ABTS activity. Results: All the thienopyrimidine-rhodanine derivatives (5a-l) were evaluated for their in vitro anti-oxidant activity. In fact, (Z)-5-(4-methylbenzylidene)-3-(thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-2- thioxothiazolidin-4-one (5c) with IC50 value 17.64 ± 0.06 µg/mL and (Z)-5-(2-nitrobenzylidene)-3- (thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one (5j) with IC50 value 17.54 ± 0.23µg/mL showed excellent antioxidant activity nearly similar to the standard drug as an ascorbic acid (IC50 = 17.45 ± 0.03µg/mL). Conclusion: The objective of the present work was to design, synthesis and screened for their antioxidant activities of novel thienopyrimidine containing rhodanine derivatives with the hope of discovering new structure leads as the most potent antioxidant agents. Our aim has been achieved by the synthesis of thienopyrimidines with diver functionalities by exploiting 2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one chemistry and tested for antioxidant activity. The compounds 5c and 5j were found most potent activity compare to the standard ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the electron withdrawing groups at position-4 in benzene ring enhanced the activity, whereas the compounds 5d, 5f, 5i and 5l showed good activity all the three radical scavenging methods.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil of Coriandrum sativum L. Seeds Cultivated in Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
Samira Jafari ◽  
Yoshihito Mori
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Hptlc Method

Coriandrum sativum L. is an aromatic plant belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, originating in the Mediterranean region. C. sativum is widely cultivated worldwide and has nutritional and medicinal values. The C. sativum seeds contain an essential oil that is used in different industries like pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food. This study aims to extract, analyze, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of C. sativum seed essential oil cultivated in Afghanistan. The essential oil was extracted by hydro-distillation (HD) extraction and analyzed by High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The HD extraction provided an essential oil yield of 0.16 % (v/w). Also, HPTLC analysis of the essential oil determined two components of the oil, linalool and myrcene. The quantification of linalool content and HPTLC method validation were determined using densitometric analysis. As a result, the linalool content was identified 60.06 %, and the HPTLC method proved as a valid method for analysis of the essential oil. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the essential oil was determined using DPPH radical scavenging assay and reported as IC50. The ascorbic acid utilized as the positive control, and the antioxidant activity of the essential oil evaluated in comparison with ascorbic acid. The IC50 of ascorbic acid and the essential oil were determined 0.02 ± 0.0004 (mg/ml) and 21.05± 0.284 (mg/ml), respectively. Thus, the essential oil showed lower antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. This study is the first report on the extraction, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of C. sativum seed essential oil cultivated in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals Phytochemical evaluation, HPTLC analysis and in-vitro antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Grewia hirsuta collected from Western Ghats forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4653-4659
Author(s):  
Dattatraya Kature ◽  
Gaurav Gupta ◽  
Ritu Gilotra
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

In-vitro antioxidant action of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Grewia hirsuta (HAEGH) has been examined using one, “1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) free from radical scavenging” actions. The plant collected from the forest of the Western Ghats region of Karnataka province. The motive for plant collection from a specific location is the plant of forests exhibits the variation in growth, quantity, and quality of their active ingredients and secondary metabolites due to influence ecological factors like effect changes in location, soil, climate, etc. The work corresponds to preliminary phytochemical investigation for diverse phytoconstituents and quantitative phytochemical analysis of total phenolic, flavonoids & alkaloids content (TPC, TFC & TAC respectively) was evaluated with advanced methods. “HPTLC (High performance thin-layer” chromatography) fingerprint investigation was achieved for qualitative determination of the likely number of elements present in the hydroalcoholic extract. In-vitro antioxidant activity of HAEGH has been determined through hydroxyl radical scavenging assay that exhibited strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity as compared with standards compound, ascorbic acid. The IC50 value of HAEGH found, 25.90 % inhibition and for ascorbic acid, it was 17.68%. The Preliminary phytochemical estimation found presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenol, proteins, diterpins and quantitative phytochemical analysis estimation of TPC, TFC & TAC found to be 3.627%, 4.059% & 5.671% respectively. HPTLC analysis of HAEGH at 354nm reveals the presence of a compound with Rf value 0.44 compare with Rf value 0.46 of quercetin. These outcomes indicated that the hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Grewia hirsuta plant contains phytoconstituents that exhibit antioxidant activity possible because of the existence of bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Effects of Cooking and Processing Methods on Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activities of Broccoli Florets

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Hee Young Kim ◽  
Meran Keshawa Ediriweera ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Boo ◽  
Chang Sook Kim ◽  
Somi Kim Cho
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Mcf 7

We investigated the effects of cooking (steaming and microwaving) and processing (freeze-drying and hot-air-drying) methods on the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•), and alkyl• free radical scavenging assays were employed to assess anti-oxidant potentials. The cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage induced by H2O2 was studied using hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. L-sulforaphane in broccoli extracts was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Steam and microwave treatments caused increases in total polyphenol content (TPC), whereas the total flavonoid content (TFC) decreased following steam treatment. A slight increase in TFC was observed in the microwaved samples. Extracts of all broccoli samples showed almost identical radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects. HPLC demonstrated that steamed (3 min)-freeze-dried (F-S3) and microwaved (2 min)-freeze-dried (F-M2) samples exhibited elevated levels of L-sulforaphane. In addition, the F-S3 and F-M2 extracts displayed strong anti-proliferative effects in MCF-7 cells, which correlated with L-sulforaphane content. As we observed no significant decrease in the antioxidant activity of broccoli florets, the cooking and processing methods and conditions studied here are recommended for broccoli.

scholarly journals Optimization of sunflower head pectin extraction by ammonium oxalate and the effect of drying conditions on properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Ma ◽  
Jiayi Yu ◽  
Jing Jing ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Liyong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

AbstractPectin is a kind of natural and complex carbohydrates which is extensively used in food, chemical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Fresh sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) heads were utilized as a novel source of pectin extracted by ammonium oxalate. The conditions of the extraction process were optimized implementing the response surface methodology. Under optimal extraction parameters (extraction time 1.34 h, liquid–solid ratio 15:1 mL/g, ammonium oxalate concentration 0.76% (w/v)), the maximum experimental yield was 7.36%. The effect of spray-drying and freeze-drying on the physiochemical properties, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activities was investigated by FT-IR spectroscopy, high performance size exclusion chromatography, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed freeze-drying lead to decrease in galacturonic acid (GalA) content (76.2%), molecular weight (Mw 316 kDa), and crystallinity. The antioxidant activities of pectin were investigated utilizing the in-vitro DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging systems. This study provided a novel and efficient extraction method of sunflower pectin, and confirmed that different drying processes had an effect on the structure and properties of pectin.

scholarly journals Berries and Leaves of Actinidia kolomikta (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.: A Source of Phenolic Compounds

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Laima Česonienė ◽  
Paulina Štreimikytė ◽  
Mindaugas Liaudanskas ◽  
Vaidotas Žvikas ◽  
Pranas Viškelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Berries of Actinidia kolomikta (A. kolomikta) are known for high ascorbic acid content, but the diversity of phenolic compounds has been little studied. The present research aimed to investigate phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in berries and leaves of twelve A. kolomikta cultivars. The UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS technique was used to determine differences among cultivars in the quantitative composition of individual phenolic compounds. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH• free radical scavenging and CUPRAC methods. In the present study, 13 phenolic compounds were detected in berries, whereas leaves contained 17 phenolic compounds. Flavonols were the primary class found in both berries and leaves; other identified phenolic compounds were flavan-3-ols, flavones and, phenolic acids; and dihydrochalcone phloridzin was identified in the leaves. The amount and variety of phenolic compounds in berries and leaves and antioxidant activity were found to be cultivar-dependent. The highest total content of phenolic compounds was found in the leaves of the cultivar ‘Aromatnaja’ and in the berries of the cultivar ‘VIR-2’. Results of this study have confirmed that berries and leaves of A. kolomikta could be a valuable raw material for both food and pharmaceutical industries.

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