scholarly journals Astaxanthin-, β-Carotene-, and Resveratrol-Rich Foods Support Resistance Training-Induced Adaptation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Aki Kawamura ◽  
Wataru Aoi ◽  
Ryo Abe ◽  
Yukiko Kobayashi ◽  
Masashi Kuwahata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Β Carotene

Resistance training adaptively increases the muscle strength associated with protein anabolism. Previously, we showed that the combined intake of astaxanthin, β-carotene, and resveratrol can accelerate protein anabolism in the skeletal muscle of mice. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of anabolic nutrient-rich foods on muscle adaptation induced by resistance training. Twenty-six healthy men were divided into control and intervention groups. All participants underwent a resistance training program twice a week for 10 weeks. Astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods were provided to the intervention group. Body composition, nutrient intake, maximal voluntary contraction of leg extension, oxygen consumption, and serum carbonylated protein level were measured before and after training. The skeletal muscle mass was higher after training than before training in both groups (p < 0.05). Maximal voluntary contraction was increased after training in the intervention group (p < 0.05), but not significantly increased in the control group. Resting oxygen consumption was higher after training in the intervention group only (p < 0.05). As an oxidative stress marker, serum carbonylated protein level tended to be lower immediately after exercise than before exercise in the intervention group only (p = 0.056). Intake of astaxanthin-, β-carotene-, and resveratrol-rich foods supported resistance training-induced strength and metabolic adaptations.

scholarly journals Feasibility of an Isometric Maximal Voluntary Contraction Test in Hematological Cancer Patients during Thrombocytopenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Philipp Zimmer ◽  
Freerk T. Baumann ◽  
Janis Ebel ◽  
Eva Maria Zopf ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Maximum Test ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
The One

Introduction. Resistance training is rarely offered to hemato-oncological patients in the daily clinical routine due to its potential harmful impact on the cardiovascular system and the long periods of thrombocytopenia experienced by these patients. Therefore, it is important to determine a valid assessment to define and control resistance training. In this study, the feasibility of a maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) test was investigated in hemato-oncological patients. This inexpensive assessment may be a practicable alternative to the one repetition maximum test which is currently described as the gold standard.Methods. 29 hemato-oncological patients with platelet counts between 30000/μL and 70000/μL were recruited for this pilot study. Complications like petechial bleedings, muscle convulsion, and pain were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory before and 48 hours after the MVC test, which was performed unidirectionally for the quadriceps muscle.Results. We did not detect any statistically significant test-related exacerbations or pain development.Discussion. MVC testing seems to be a feasible method to control a resistance training program in hemato-oncological patients. Further studies need to extend their methods and, for example, compare the MVC test with the one repetition maximum test.

Resistance-training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle protein turnover in the fed state

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1045-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Phillips ◽  
G Parise ◽  
B D Roy ◽  
K D Tipton ◽  
R R Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Muscle Protein Turnover ◽  
Breakdown Rates

Resistance training changes the balance of muscle protein turnover, leading to gains in muscle mass. A longitudinal design was employed to assess the effect that resistance training had on muscle protein turnover in the fed state. A secondary goal was investigation of the potential interactive effects of creatine (Cr) monohydrate supple mentation on resistance-training-induced adaptations. Young (N = 19, 23.7 ± 3.2 year), untrained (UT), healthy male subjects completed an 8-week resistance-training program (6 d/week). Supplementation with Cr had no impact on any of the variables studied; hence, all subsequent data were pooled. In the UT and trained (T) state, subjects performed an acute bout of resistance exercise with a single leg (exercised, EX), while their contralateral leg acted as a nonexercised (NE) control. Following exercise, subjects were fed while receiving a primed constant infusion of [d5]- and [15N]-phenylalanine to determine the fractional synthetic and breakdown rates (FSR and FBR), respectively, of skeletal muscle proteins. Acute exercise increased FSR (UT-NE, 0.065 ± 0.025 %/h; UT-EX, 0.088 ± 0.032 %/h; P < 0.01) and FBR (UT-NE, 0.047 ± 0.023 %/h; UT-EX, 0.058 ± 0.026 %/h; P < 0.05). Net balance (BAL = FSR – FBR) was positive in both legs (P < 0.05) but was significantly greater (+65%) in the EX versus the NE leg (P < 0.05). Muscle protein FSR and FBR were greater at rest following T (FSR for T-NE vs. UT-NE, +46%, P < 0.01; FBR for T-NE vs. UT-NE, +81%, P < 0.05). Resistance training attenuated the acute exercise-induced rise in FSR (T-NE vs. T-EX, +20%, P = 0.65). The present results demonstrate that resistance training resulted in an elevated resting muscle protein turnover but an attenuation of the acute response of muscle protein turnover to a single bout of resistance exercise.Key words: myofibrillar protein, hypertrophy, protein synthesis, protein breakdown.

Metabolism of Exercising and Resting Human Skeletal Muscle, in the Post-Prandial and Fasting States

1973 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. B. Baker ◽  
R. F. Mottram
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Contraction Force ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Output

1. Methods are described for study of metabolism of human skeletal muscle in situ, at rest and during mild sustained contraction in the fed and fasted states. 2. At rest the average oxygen uptake was 0.29 ml min−1 100 ml of muscle−1 and the carbon dioxide output was 0.22 ml. Glucose uptake was 0.49 mg min−1 100 ml of muscle−1. The respiratory quotient was 0.75, indicating that most of the glucose was being stored. 3. When subjects made hand-grips of 5% of their maximal voluntary contraction force (5% MVC) the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanges both increased by six times while the glucose uptake increased by 70% of the resting value. 4. A 7 h fast before the observations were made severely decreased both resting and exercising glucose uptake but produced no other alteration in the metabolism of the muscle.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic resistance training downregulates select LINE-1 retrotransposon activity markers in human skeletal muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (3) ◽  
pp. C379-C388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Romero ◽  
C. Brooks Mobley ◽  
Petey W. Mumford ◽  
Paul A. Roberson ◽  
Cody T. Haun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation ◽  
Retrotransposon Activity

Herein, we examined if acute or chronic resistance exercise affected markers of skeletal muscle long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) retrotransposon activity. In study 1, 10 resistance-trained college-aged men performed three consecutive daily back squat sessions, and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken before (Pre), 2 h following session 1 (Post1), and 3 days following session 3 (Post2). In study 2, 13 untrained college-aged men performed a full-body resistance training program (3 days/wk), and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken before ( week 0) and ~72 h following training cessation ( week 12). In study 1, LINE-1 mRNA decreased 42–48% at Post1 and 2 ( P < 0.05), and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity trended downward at Post2 (−37%, P = 0.067). In study 2, LINE-1 mRNA trended downward at week 12 (−17%, P = 0.056) while LINE-1 promoter methylation increased (+142%, P = 0.041). Open reading frame (ORF)2p protein expression (−24%, P = 0.059) and RT activity (−26%, P = 0.063) also trended downward by week 12. Additionally, changes in RT activity versus satellite cell number were inversely associated ( r = −0.725, P = 0.008). Follow-up in vitro experiments demonstrated that 48-h treatments with lower doses (1 μM and 10 μM) of efavirenz and nevirapine (non-nucleoside RT inhibitors) increased myoblast proliferation ( P < 0.05). However, we observed a paradoxical decrease in myoblast proliferation with higher doses (50 μM) of efavirenz and delavirdine. This is the first report suggesting that resistance exercise downregulates markers of skeletal muscle LINE-1 activity. Given our discordant in vitro findings, future research is needed to thoroughly assess whether LINE-1-mediated RT activity enhances or blunts myoblast, or primary satellite cell, proliferative capacity.

scholarly journals Acute ascorbic acid ingestion increases skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption via local vasodilation during graded handgrip exercise in older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (2) ◽  
pp. H360-H368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Richards ◽  
Anne R. Crecelius ◽  
Dennis G. Larson ◽  
Frank A. Dinenno
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lower Body Negative Pressure ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Forearm Vascular Conductance

Human aging is associated with reduced skeletal muscle perfusion during exercise, which may be a result of impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and/or attenuated ability to blunt sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction. Intra-arterial infusion of ascorbic acid (AA) increases nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation and forearm blood flow (FBF) during handgrip exercise in older adults, yet it remains unknown whether an acute oral dose can similarly improve FBF or enhance the ability to blunt sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise. We hypothesized that 1) acute oral AA would improve FBF (Doppler ultrasound) and oxygen consumption (V̇o2) via local vasodilation during graded rhythmic handgrip exercise in older adults ( protocol 1), and 2) AA ingestion would not enhance sympatholysis in older adults during handgrip exercise ( protocol 2). In protocol 1 ( n = 8; 65 ± 3 yr), AA did not influence FBF or V̇o2 during rest or 5% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) exercise, but increased FBF (199 ± 13 vs. 248 ± 16 ml/min and 343 ± 24 vs. 403 ± 33 ml/min; P < 0.05) and V̇o2 (26 ± 2 vs. 34 ± 3 ml/min and 43 ± 4 vs. 50 ± 5 ml/min; P < 0.05) at both 15 and 25% MVC, respectively. The increased FBF was due to elevations in forearm vascular conductance (FVC). In protocol 2 ( n = 10; 63 ± 2 yr), following AA, FBF was similarly elevated during 15% MVC (∼20%); however, vasoconstriction to reflex increases in sympathetic activity during −40 mmHg lower-body negative pressure at rest (ΔFVC: −16 ± 3 vs. −16 ± 2%) or during 15% MVC (ΔFVC: −12 ± 2 vs. −11 ± 4%) was unchanged. Our collective results indicate that acute oral ingestion of AA improves muscle blood flow and V̇o2 during exercise in older adults via local vasodilation.

Skeletal muscle GLUT-4 and glucose uptake during exercise in humans

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1565-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McConell ◽  
M. McCoy ◽  
J. Proietto ◽  
M. Hargreaves
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Glut 4

The present study examined the relationship between total skeletal muscle GLUT-4 protein level and glucose uptake during exercise. Eight active non-endurance-trained men cycled at 72 +/- 1% peak pulmonary oxygen consumption for 40 min, with rates of glucose appearance and disappearance (Rd) determined by utilizing a primed continuous infusion of [3–3H]glucose commencing 2 h before exercise. Muscle glycogen content and utilization, citrate synthase activity, and total GLUT-4 protein were measured on muscle biopsy samples obtained from the vastus lateralis. A direct relationship existed between preexercise muscle glycogen content and glycogen utilization during exercise (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). Citrate synthase activity and glucose Rd at the end of exercise averaged 21.9 +/- 3.0 mumol.min-1.g-1 and 27.3 +/- 2.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively. There was a direct correlation between citrate synthase activity and GLUT-4 protein (r = 0.78, P < 0.05); however, at the end of exercise, glucose Rd was inversely related to both GLUT-4 (r = -0.89, P < 0.01) and citrate synthase activity (r = -0.72, P < 0.05). Plasma insulin, which decreased during exercise, was not related to glucose Rd. In conclusion, glucose uptake during 40 min of exercise at 72% peak pulmonary oxygen consumption was inversely related to the total muscle GLUT-4 protein level. This suggests that factors other than the total GLUT-4 protein level are important in the regulation of glucose uptake during exercise.

scholarly journals Repeated contractions alter the geometry of human skeletal muscle

2002 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos N. Maganaris ◽  
Vasilios Baltzopoulos ◽  
Anthony J. Sargeant
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Pennation Angle ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Moment

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated contractions on the geometry of human skeletal muscle. Six men performed two sets ( sets Aand B) of 10 repeated isometric plantarflexion contractions at 80% of the moment generated during plantarflexion maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), with a rest interval of 15 min between sets. By use of ultrasound, the geometry of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle was measured in the contractions of set A and the displacement of the MG tendon origin in the myotendinous junction was measured in the contractions of set B. In the transition from the 1st to the 10th contractions, the fascicular length at 80% of MVC decreased from 34 ± 4 (means ± SD) to 30 ± 3 mm ( P < 0.001), the pennation angle increased from 35 ± 3 to 42 ± 3° ( P < 0.001), the myotendinous junction displacement increased from 5 ± 3 to 10 ± 3 mm ( P < 0.001), and the average fascicular curvature remained constant ( P > 0.05) at ∼4.3 m−1. No changes ( P > 0.05) were found in fascicular length, pennation angle, and myotendinous junction displacement after the fifth contraction. Electrogoniometry showed that the ankle rotated by ∼6.5° during contraction, but no differences ( P > 0.05) were obtained between contractions. The present results show that repeated contractions induce tendon creep, which substantially affects the geometry of the in-series contracting muscles, thus altering their potential for force and joint moment generation.

scholarly journals Concurrent Aerobic and Resistance Training Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Increases Both Plasma and Leukocyte Levels of IGF-1 in Late Middle-Aged Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giosuè Annibalini ◽  
Francesco Lucertini ◽  
Deborah Agostini ◽  
Luciana Vallorani ◽  
Annamaria Gioacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an age-related chronic disease associated with metabolic dysregulation, chronic inflammation, and activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a concurrent exercise training program on inflammatory status and metabolic parameters of T2D patients. Sixteen male patients (age range 55–70) were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=8), which underwent a concurrent aerobic and resistance training program (3 times a week; 16 weeks), or to a control group, which followed physicians’ usual diabetes care advices. Training intervention significantly improved patients’ body composition, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and overall fitness level. After training, plasma levels of adipokines leptin (−33.9%) and RBP4 (−21.3%), and proinflammatory markers IL-6 (−25.3%), TNF-α (−19.8%) and MCP-1 (−15.3%) decreased, whereas anabolic hormone IGF-1 level increased (+16.4%). All improvements were significantly greater than those of control patients. Plasma proteomic profile of exercised patients showed a reduction of immunoglobulin K light chain and fibrinogen as well. Training also induced a modulation of IL-6, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 mRNAs in the PBMCs. These findings confirm that concurrent aerobic and resistance training improves T2D-related metabolic abnormalities and has the potential to reduce the deleterious health effects of diabetes-related inflammation.

A CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN PLASMA MYOSTATIN AND PEAK TORQUE STRENGTH GAINS OF BILATERAL KNEE EXTENSORS AND FLEXORS AFTER RESISTANCE TRAINING IN HEALTHY ASIAN INDIANS

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaspal S. Sandhu ◽  
Shiva Shankar Trivedi ◽  
Shweta Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Bilateral Knee

Objective: To accurately quantify percentage changes in strength gains and correlate it with percentage changes in plasma myostatin levels. Study design: Same Subject Experimental Study. Setup: Faculty of Sports Medicine and Physiotherapy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India. Method of study: We used a longitudinal experimental design in which our subjects were assessed before and after the resistance training programs designed to induce muscle hypertrophy. A total of 18 subjects were selected, including both males (N = 15) and females (N = 3), to begin the study. Subjects were given circuit resistance training program for a period of six weeks. Subject's maximal isometric voluntary contraction for both the limbs knee extensors and flexors were measured using HUR 5340 Leg Extension/curl computer controlled machine prior to the training and after the training. The plasma myostatin levels were determined by ELISA analysis. Results: We have found a strong negative correlation of -0.73 (p < 0.01) and -0.75 (p < 0.05) between percentage change in plasma myostatin and percentage peak torque gains in bilateral knee extensors and flexors, respectively. Conclusion: Myostatin is negatively correlated to the strength gains in the bilateral knee extensors and flexors with resistance training.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document