scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Korean Black Ginseng Extract through ER Stress Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Mi-Yeong An ◽  
So Rok Lee ◽  
Hye-Jeong Hwang ◽  
Ju-Gyeong Yoon ◽  
Hae-Jeung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Black Ginseng ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can result in the development of chronic inflammation. The mechanisms involved in inflammation are various, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress known to be among them. We have previously shown that black ginseng (BG) reduced lipid accumulation in and enhanced the antioxidant function of the liver in vitro and in vivo mostly due to ginsenoside Rb1, Rg3 and Rk1 components. Therefore, this study investigated the antioxidant effect of BG on the intestines and its possible mechanistic pathway through ER stress. The results showed that BG extract decreased ROS and nitric oxide (NO) production and reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels in vitro, and these results were confirmed by zebrafish embryos in vivo. However, this phenotype was abolished in the absence of inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) but not in the absence of protein kinase RNA (PKR)-like ER-resistant kinase (PERK) or X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) in the mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) knockout (KO) cells, suggesting that BG elicits an antioxidant effect in an IRE1α-dependent manner. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in the liver and intestines of the mouse model affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was induced by a high-fat/high-fructose diet. In the liver, BG treatment rescued NAFLD-induced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 expression. In the intestines, BG also rescued NAFLD-induced shortened villi, inflammatory immune cell infiltration, upregulated IL-6, cytosine-cytosine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP) and binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) expression. In conclusion, our results show that BG reduces ROS and NO production followed by inflammation in an IRE1α-dependent and XBP1-independent manner. The results suggest that BG provides antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through an ER stress mechanism.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of a sterol-enriched fraction from freshwater green alga, Spirogyra sp.

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
You-Jin Jeon ◽  
Jae-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Green Alga ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as arthritis and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we evaluated anti-inflammatory activity of sterol-rich fraction prepared from Spirogyra sp., a freshwater green alga, in an effort to find bioactive extracts derived from natural sources. Methods The sterol content of ethanol extract of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) was enriched by fractionation with hexane (SPEH), resulting 6.7 times higher than SPE. Using this fraction, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish. Results SPEH effectively and dose-dependently decreased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). SPEH suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-1β through downregulating nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. The in vivo test results indicated that SPEH significantly and dose-dependently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, cell death, and NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SPEH possesses strong in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities and has the potential to be used as healthcare or pharmaceutical material for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽  
Muhammad Taher ◽  
Tika Afriani ◽  
Annisa Fauzana ◽  
Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals The effects of disodium pamidronate on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets: An in vitro study

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Salvolini ◽  
Monia Orciani ◽  
Arianna Vignini ◽  
Roberto Primio ◽  
Laura Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
No Production ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase

AbstractRecent reports have indicated that, as well as having antiresorptive effects, bisphosphonates could have an application as anti-inflammatory drugs. Our aim was to investigate whether this anti-inflammatory action could be mediated by the nitric oxide (NO) released by the leukocytes migrating to the site of inflammation. In particular, we investigated in vitro the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), the level of NO released by PMN and platelets, and the PMN myeloperoxidase activity after incubation with disodium pamidronate, since there was a postulated modulatory effect of this aminosubstituted bisphosphonate on leukocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data shows that the pamidronate treatment provoked a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i parallel to the enhancement in NO release, suggesting a possible activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, while the myeloperoxidase activity was significantly reduced. In conclusion, we hypothesized that treatment with pamidronate could stimulate NO-production by cells present near the bone compartment, thus constituting a protective mechanism against bone resorption occurring during inflammation. In addition, PMN- and platelet-derived NO could act as a negative feed-back signal to restrict the inflammatory processes.

Effect of Peganum Harmala Seeds Extract on Nitric Oxide in U937 Monocytes and Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Rahmati ◽  
Fatemeh Hajighasemi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
No Production ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Logarithmic Growth Phase ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background and Aims: Nitric oxide (NO) has an essential role in inflammation and has been related to pathogenesis and the progress of numerous inflammatory-based diseases, including some cancers. Peganum harmala (P. harmala) is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of numerous diseases such as several infections. Also, anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala extracts and its derivatives (harmaline and harmine) by suppressing myeloperoxidase, NO, and other mediators have been demonstrated in vivo. In this study, the effect of P. harmala seeds aqueous extract on NO production in U937 monocytic cells and peritoneal macrophages has been evaluated in vitro. Materials and Methods: U937 and mice peritoneal macrophages were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial institute-1640 with 10% fetal calf serum. Then, the cells at the logarithmic growth phase were incubated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of P. harmala seeds (0.1-1 mg/ml) for 24 hours. Next, NO production was assessed by the Griess method in the culture medium. Results: P. harmala seeds aqueous extract did not significantly affect lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in U937 cells and peritoneal macrophages after 24 hours incubation time compared with untreated control cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of P. harmala may be mediated through NO-independent mechanism(s). However, further studies are warranted to define the P. harmala aqueous extract impact on NO expression in other related normal and cancerous cells.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effects of Nitric Oxide and Gamma Interferon on In Vitro and In Vivo Replication of Marek's Disease Virus

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 3605-3612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xing ◽  
Karel A. Schat
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The replication of Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) and herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures was inhibited by the addition ofS-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide (NO)-generating compound, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of CEF culture, prepared from 11-day-old embryos, with recombinant chicken gamma interferon (rChIFN-γ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in production of NO which was suppressed by the addition ofN G-monomethyl l-arginine (NMMA), an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Incubation of CEF cultures for 72 h prior to treatment with rChIFN-γ plus LPS was required for optimal NO production. Significant differences in NO production were observed in CEF derived from MDV-resistant N2a (major histocompatibility complex [MHC],B 21 B 21) and MDV-susceptible S13 (MHC,B 13 B 13) and P2a (MHC,B 19 B 19) chickens. N2a-derived CEF produced NO earlier and at higher levels than CEF from the other two lines. The lowest production of NO was detected in P2a-derived CEF. NO production in chicken splenocyte cultures followed a similar pattern, with the highest levels of NO produced in cultures from N2a chickens and the lowest levels produced in cultures from P2a chickens. Replication of MDV and HVT was significantly inhibited in CEF cultures treated with rChIFN-γ plus LPS and producing NO. The addition of NMMA to CEF treated with rChIFN-γ plus LPS reduced the inhibition. MDV infection of chickens treated withS-methylisothiourea, an inhibitor of iNOS, resulted in increased virus load compared to nontreated chickens. These results suggest that NO may play an important role in control of MDV replication in vivo.

scholarly journals A novel cytokine consisting of the p40 and EBI3 subunits suppresses experimental autoimmune arthritis via reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Yeong Lee ◽  
Su-Jin Moon ◽  
Young-Mee Moon ◽  
Hyeon-Beom Seo ◽  
Jun-Geol Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Objective The interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine family is closely related to the development of T helper cells, which are responsible for autoimmune disease enhancement or suppression. IL-12 family members are generally heterodimers and share three α-subunits (p35, p19, and p28) and two β-subunits (p40 and EBI3). However, a β-sheet p40 homodimer has been shown to exist and antagonize IL-12 and IL-23 signaling 1. Therefore, we assumed the existence of a p40-EBI3 heterodimer in nature and sought to investigate its role in immune regulation. Methods The presence of the p40-EBI3 heterodimer was confirmed by ELISA, immunoprecipitation, and western blotting. A p40-EBI3 vector and p40-EBI3-Fc protein were synthesized to confirm the immunological role of this protein in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The anti-inflammatory effects of p40-EBI3 were analyzed with regard to clinical, histological, and immune cell-regulating features in mice with CIA. Results Clinical arthritis scores and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were significantly attenuated in p40-EBI3-overexpressing and p40-EBI3-Fc-treated mice with CIA compared to vehicle-treated mice with CIA. Structural joint damage and vessel formation-related gene expression were also reduced by p40-EBI3 heterodimer treatment. In vitro, the p40-EBI3-Fc protein significantly suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells and reciprocally induced CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (regulatory T) cells. p40-EBI3 also inhibited osteoclast formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion In this study, p40-EBI3 ameliorated proinflammatory conditions both in vivo and in vitro. We propose that p40-EBI3 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in suppressing the immune response through the expansion of Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells and osteoclastogenesis.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Activities of Mesua ferrea Linn

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Chaithanya K ◽  
Gopalakrishnan V K ◽  
ZenebeHagos . ◽  
Nagaraju B ◽  
Kamalakararao K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: Mesuaferrea L is a medicinal plant belongs to the family Clusiace, it is extensively used in folk medicine for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of M. ferrea L. Methods: The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities such as nitric oxide, PGE2, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were studied in RAW 264.7 cells and in vivo studies were carried out on carrageenan -induced inflammation in Wistar rats. The sequentially extracted M. ferreaL bark extracts (MFBHE, MFBEE, and MFBME) exhibited inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, tumour necrosis factorαandinterleukin-1βproduction in concentration dependent manner in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells andCarrageenan induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. Conclusion: The result of the present study indicated that M. ferrea L ethyl acetate bark extract exhibited significant in vitroand in vivoanti-inflammatory activity.

scholarly journals Coptis chinensisand Myrobalan (Terminalia chebula) Can Synergistically Inhibit Inflammatory Response In Vitro and In Vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enhui Cui ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhi ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Yunpeng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Coptis Chinensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objectives. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect ofCoptis chinensisplus myrobalan (CM) in vitro and in vivo.Methods. The inflammation in mouse peritoneal macrophages was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Animal models were established by using ear swelling and paw edema of mouse induced by xylene and formaldehyde, respectively. In vitro, cytotoxicity, the phagocytosis of macrophages, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cell supernatant were detected. In vivo, swelling rate and edema inhibitory rate of ear and paw were observed using CM-treated mice.Results. At 150–18.75 μg·mL−1, CM had no cytotoxicity and could significantly promote the growth and the phagocytosis of macrophages and inhibit the overproduction of NO, iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 in macrophages induced by LPS. In vivo, pretreatment with CM, the ear swelling, and paw edema of mice could be significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the antiedema effect of CM at high dose was better than dexamethasone.Conclusion. Our results demonstrated thatCoptis chinensisand myrobalan possessed synergistically anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and in vivo, which indicated that CM had therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated diseases.

scholarly journals Leukotriene B4 Induces Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Murine Macrophages and Mediates Resistance to Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4247-4253 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Talvani ◽  
F. S. Machado ◽  
G. C. Santana ◽  
A. Klein ◽  
L. Barcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT The production of nitric oxide (NO) by gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-activated macrophages is a major effector mechanism during experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In addition to IFN-γ, chemoattractant molecules, such as platelet-activating factor (PAF) and CC chemokines, may also activate macrophages to induce NO and mediate the killing of T. cruzi in an NO-dependent manner. Here we investigated the ability of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) to induce the production of NO by macrophages infected with T. cruzi in vitro and whether NO mediated LTB4-induced parasite killing. The activation of T. cruzi-infected but not naive murine peritoneal macrophages with LTB4 induced the time- and concentration-dependent production of NO. In addition, low concentrations of LTB4 acted in synergy with IFN-γ to induce NO production. The NO produced mediated LTB4-induced microbicidal activity in macrophages, as demonstrated by the inhibitory effects of an inducible NO synthase inhibitor. LTB4-induced NO production and parasite killing were LTB4 receptor dependent and were partially blocked by a PAF receptor antagonist. LTB4 also induced significant tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production, and blockade of TNF-α suppressed LTB4-induced NO release and parasite killing. A blockade of LTB4 or PAF receptors partially inhibited IFN-γ-induced NO and TNF-α production but not parasite killing. Finally, daily treatment of infected mice with CP-105,696 was accompanied by a significantly higher level of blood parasitemia, but not lethality, than that seen in vehicle-treated animals. In conclusion, our results suggest a role for LTB4 during experimental T. cruzi infection. Chemoattractant molecules such as LTB4 not only may play a major role in leukocyte migration into sites of inflammation in vivo but also, in the event of an infection, may play a relevant role in the activation of recruited leukocytes to kill the invading microorganism in an NO-dependent manner.

Aprotinin Reduces Nitric Oxide Production in Vitro and in Vivo in a Dose-Dependent Manner

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Bruda ◽  
B. J. Hurlbert ◽  
G. E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

1. Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with an increase in nitric oxide concentrations, and plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, commonly used during cardiopulmonary bypass to reduce blood loss, has been demonstrated to exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects during and after cardiopulmonary bypass. 2. Airway nitric oxide was measured during cardiopulmonary bypass in 10 controls (Group 1), 10 subjects receiving half-dose aprotinin (Group 2) and 10 patients receiving full-dose aprotinin (Group 3). In vitro, a murine bronchial epithelial cell line (LA-4) was cultured with cytomix (a combination of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and (γ-interferon) with and without aprotinin in increasing concentrations. Nitrite concentrations, the stable and measureable end-product of nitric oxide oxidative metabolism, were measured in the culture supernatant by chemiluminescence. 3. Airway nitric oxide concentrations were increased after 50 min cardiopulmonary bypass compared with that measured at 5 min in controls (53 ± 5 versus 29 ± 3 ppb, P < 0.05) but not in the aprotinin-treated groups (25 ± 4 versus 14 ± 5, Group 2; 21 ± 6 versus 15 ± 3 ppb, Group 3). 4. In a dose-dependent manner, nitrite levels (means ± S.E.M.) were significantly reduced by aprotinin at 500 and 1000 units/ml when compared with cells cultured in the presence of cytomix alone (P < 0.05). 5. These data demonstrate that aprotinin, in a dose-responsive manner, reduces nitric oxide production in vivo and reduces cytokine-induced nitrite production by murine bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Since increased airway nitric oxide is found in inflammatory lung diseases, like asthma, and anti-inflammatory therapy reduces the concentration of airway nitric oxide, these data support the concept that aprotinin is anti-inflammatory during cardiopulmonary bypass.

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