scholarly journals Anti-Idiotypic Agonistic Antibodies: Candidates for the Role of Universal Remedy

Antibodies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliya K. Stanova ◽  
Varvara A. Ryabkova ◽  
Sergei V. Tillib ◽  
Vladimir J. Utekhin ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
New Treatments

Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-IDs) were discovered at the very beginning of the 20th century and have attracted attention of researchers for many years. Nowadays, there are five known types of anti-IDs: α, β, γ, ε, and δ. Due to the ability of internal-image anti-IDs to compete with an antigen for binding to antibody and to alter the biologic activity of an antigen, anti-IDs have become a target in the search for new treatments of autoimmune illnesses, cancer, and some other diseases. In this review, we summarize the data about anti-IDs that mimic the structural and functional properties of some bioregulators (autacoids, neurotransmitters, hormones, xenobiotics, and drugs) and evaluate their possible medical applications. The immune system is potentially able to reproduce or at least alter the effects of any biologically active endogenous or exogenous immunogenic agent via the anti-idiotypic principle, and probably regulates a broad spectrum of cell functions in the body, being a kind of universal remedy or immunacea, by analogy to the legendary ancient goddess of universal healing Panacea (Πανάκεια, Panakeia in Greek) in the treatment and prevention of diseases, possibly including non-infectious somatic and even hereditary ones.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Metabolic Acidosis in Patients with CKD: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Marcin Adamczak ◽  
Stanisław Surma
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis in CKD is diagnosed in patients with plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration lower than 22 mmol/L. Metabolic acidosis occurs in about 20% of patients with CKD. Metabolic acidosis may lead to dysfunction of many systems and organs as well as CKD progression. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used for pharmacological treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Veverimer is a new drug dedicated to treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD. Orally given veverimer binds hydrogen ions in the intestines and subsequently is excreted from the body with feces. Clinical studies have shown that veverimer is effective in increasing serum bicarbonate concentrations in CKD patients with metabolic acidosis. Here, we present review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Metabolic acidosis is common in patients with CKD and contributes to CKD progression and many complications, which worsen the prognosis in these patients. Currently, sodium bicarbonate is mainly used in metabolic acidosis treatment. The role of the new drug veverimer in the metabolic acidosis therapy needs further studies. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The aim of this review article is to summarize the current knowledge concerning the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients.

Matrix Metalloproteinases: Biologic Activity and Clinical Implications

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1135-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Nelson ◽  
Barbara Fingleton ◽  
Mace L. Rothenberg ◽  
Lynn M. Matrisian
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Degradative Enzymes

ABSTRACT: Tumor progression is a complex, multistage process by which a normal cell undergoes genetic changes that result in phenotypic alterations and the acquisition of the ability to spread and colonize distant sites in the body. Although many factors regulate malignant tumor growth and spread, interactions between a tumor and its surrounding microenvironment result in the production of important protein products that are crucial to each step of tumor progression. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of degradative enzymes with clear links to malignancy. These enzymes are associated with tumor cell invasion of the basement membrane and stroma, blood vessel penetration, and metastasis. They have more recently been implicated in primary and metastatic tumor growth and angiogenesis, and they may even have a role in tumor promotion. This review outlines our current understanding of the MMP family, including the association of particular MMPs with malignant phenotypes and the role of MMPs in specific steps of the metastatic cascade. As scientific understanding of the MMPs has advanced, therapeutic strategies that capitalize on blocking the enzymes have rapidly developed. The preclinical and clinical evolution of the synthetic MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) is also examined, with the discussion encompassing important methodologic issues associated with determining clinical efficacy of MMPIs and other novel therapeutic agents.

Infection and immunity

2021 ◽  
pp. 853-920
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Different Cell Types

‘Infection and immunity’ considers the response of the body to pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, prions, fungi, and parasites, which are discussed in terms of their nature, life cycle, and modes of infection. The role of the immune system in defence against infection is discussed, including innate and adaptive (acquired) immunity, antigens, the major histocompatibility complex, and the different cell types involved (antigen-presenting cells, T-cells, and B-cells). The mechanisms and cellular basis of inflammation are considered, as are post-infection repair mechanisms, and pathologies of the immune system such as hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and transplantations, and immunodeficiency (both primary and secondary to other diseases).

scholarly journals A New Perspective of Acupuncture: The Interaction among Three Networks Leads to Neutralization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning-cen Li ◽  
Ming-yue Li ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Disease Network ◽  
Nociceptive Stimulus ◽  
Acupuncture Effect ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Cascade Amplification ◽  
Reaction Cascades

Acupuncture has been used to treat multiple medical conditions, but whether the diverse effects of acupuncture are intrinsically linked and how they might be connected have yet to be determined. More and more researches have shown that acupuncture is a kind of nociceptive stimulus, which can cause inflammatory reaction in the sites of acupuncture and then further activate the nerve-endocrine-immune systems to cause the cascade amplification of the acupuncture effect. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing literature concerning the role of “acupoint-meridian-disease network” in various effects of acupuncture and suggest a novel notion that acupuncture may restore homeostasis under different pathological conditions by regulating this network, resulting in the activation of different reaction cascades in response to pathological injury. We think that acupuncture acts on acupoints, first activating the small network of acupoints (Acupoint Network). The information of acupuncture is amplified by cascade, and the nerve endocrine immune system (NEI) is activated through the large network of meridians (Meridian Network) of the body itself. The nerve-endocrine-immune system (NEI) further outputs the effect information to the target organ through multilevel and multisystems and finally acts on the disease network (Disease Network) to produce acupuncture effect.

scholarly journals ROLE OF AMALAKYADI RASAYANA IN LOWERING DOWN THE MORBIDITY RATE IN CHILDREN: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Ajay Kushwaha ◽  
Nisha Kumari Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Age Related

Children are more susceptible to various infections because of underdeveloped immune system as compared to adults. Strengthening the immune system is a natural way to help the body fight against the disease-causing pathogens and immunomodulators can play a major role in this context. Various Ayurveda classics and studies published in journals related to Ayurveda drugs for improving immunity are reviewed and analysed. In Ayurveda, the objective of immune enhancement is achieved through the use of the Amalakyadi Rasayana (an Immunomodulators), as it increases longevity of life, memory, intellect, luxture, complexion, voice, strength of the body functions, strength of all senses and provides the resistance to disease, improves glow and power. Analysis of classical references and various experimental studies show that Amalakyadi Rasayana posse immuno-modulatory, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Anthelmintic activity. Present paper is a review to update knowledge on pharmacological properties, therapeutic actions and possible mode of action of the selected formulation, Amalakyadi rasayana from Yogaratnakara (Rasayanadhikara/17) to enhance the immunity in children. Rasayana is an important part of Ayurvedic therapeutics used to improve the quality of life by strengthening the tissue quality and by reducing the age-related tissue degeneration. This study reveals that Amalakyadi Rasayana have potential to improve or strengthen the immune system in children and thereby can lower down the morbidity rate in children.

Effect of the sulfur-containing compounds on the quinoid process of adrenaline autoxidation; potential neuroprotectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
T.V. Sirota
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sulfur Containing Compounds

The superoxide-generating reaction of adrenaline autoxidation in an alkaline medium, used in vitro to identify the antioxidant properties of various compounds, simulates the complex multistep process of quinoid oxidation of catecholamines (CA) in the body. Sulfur-containing cysteine (Cys) and reduced glutathione (GSH), as well as oxidized glutathione (GSSG), have been shown to inhibit this process. The studied substances were considered as inhibitors of quinoid oxidation and are evaluated as antioxidants. The IC50 values for Cys and GSH were close to 7.5 mM. Inhibition by GSSG was weaker; represented approximately 50-70% of Cys and GSH. Other sulfur-containing compounds that differ in chemical structure, the amino acids taurine and methionine were ineffective. The interest in this model and the search for effective compounds acting on this reaction is associated with one of the mechanisms of the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) discussed in the literature, which occurs when the biochemical transformations of dopamine CA and its quinoid oxidation process are violated. Cys, GSH and GSSG in the model system inhibit quinoid oxidation of adrenaline, as a result of which the formation of superoxide (O2 ·-) is also inhibited. Experiments with the superoxide-generating enzymatic reaction xanthine xanthioxidase, the chemistry of which is different and not related to formation of quinoid metabolites, showed that the studied substances did not inhibit O2 ·- formation in this model. Thus, it was established that the biologically active sulfur-containing compounds Cys, GSH and GSSG are specific inhibitors of quinoid oxidation of CA, and are likely to be able to play the role of a neuroprotector. It is proposed to use these compounds in the treatment and prevention of PD by activating their biosynthesis in the body.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Nutrition to Boost Immune System to Fight Infection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Syed M. Shahid ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Jawed ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Scientific Significance ◽  
Global Population

The immunity and immune system functions to fight against infections are significantly impacted by inappropriate food and nutrition. Long term malnutrition is universally considered as the leading cause of immune system deficiency. A substantial proportion of the global population does not meet the recommended daily intake of nutrients. The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on the role of the immune system, with health scientists and nutritionists urging people to take supplements and/or eat particular foods (nutrients) to super-charge their immune systems.The immune system is the most complex system of human body. This system is made up of a complex network of structural and functional units like cells, molecules, tissues and organs all working together to safeguard the body as a whole.This precise review provides a chance to go through the efficacy, efficiency and scientific significance of nutritional components and relevant food (especially fruits and vegetables). This will help you keep appropriate food items in your daily meals so that you can get a progressive increment in your body’s defence mechanisms and immunity to fight appropriately against COVID-19. This will also help to decrease your risk for catching the viral infection and/or reducing the chances of having complications from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection by earthing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Abdul-Lateef Mousa
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Antipyretic Effect ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Taste And Smell ◽  
Chest Ct Scan

Background: Earthig is a contact with earth by several means that could cause influx of electron into the body with subsequent anti-inflammatory effect, immunity enhancement, anticoagulation, rising blood oxygenation, and possible antipyretic effect. All these effects of earthing might have a substantial role in the management of patients with COVID-19 infection without deleterious side effects of ordinary medications.Objective: to investigate the role of earthing in treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection.Design: Observational studySetting: University of Basrah, College of Medicine, Iraq.Patients: The study included 59 cases with COVID-19 infection.Interventions: All patients conducted earthing through direct contact with earth or connecting apparatus for about 15 min-3 hours/day.Measurements and Main Results: The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR test with or without chest CT-scan. There was spectacular response in a severely ill patient who was unable to speak due to dyspnea with blood oxygen level 38% on continuous oxygen supply. On the second day of three hours daily earthing, his oxygen level raised to 95% with oxygen supply and 77% without oxygen supply. After 1-3 days of earthing, most patients revealed improvement of the following symptoms: fever, dyspnea, cough, weakness, headache, chest pain, taste and smell sense loss, anorexia, and body pain. Six people were in contact with COVID-19 patients that had performed preventive earthing. They contracted mild or short-lived illness although their household were severely affected.Conclusions: The outcome of patients with COVID-19 who had performed regular and sufficient earthing showing significant curing or preventive effects that more studies on larger sample size are advocated.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ДІЇ ЕЛЕМЕНТВМІСНИХ ЛІПІДНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ З CHLORELLA VULGARIS НА ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ СТАН ЗДОРОВИХ ЩУРІВ

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
O. I. Bodnar ◽  
H. B. Kovalska ◽  
O. Ya. Lukashiv ◽  
V. V. Grubinko
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Complete Set

Chlorella is one of the most promising species of algae, which is widely cultivated for the industrial production of nutraceuticals in the form of tablets or powder. The value of Chlorella is primarily due to the high content of proteins and lipids (51–58 % and 20–23 % of dry weight respectively), carotenoids and an almost complete set of vitamins. At the same time, in the process of cultivation, a method was developed to enrich algobiomass and its individual components (primarily the lipid fraction) with selenium, zinc, chromium, as important regulatory trace elements. From chlorella, we obtained seleniumlipid, selenium-zinclipid and selenium-chromiumlipid complexes, and their constancy and structure were grounded by chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis. After feeding healthy rats with a starch solution of selenium-zinclipid complex (1 ml of which contained 0.4 μg of selenium, 2.5 μg of zinc and 0.5 mg of lipids) and selenium-chromiumlipid complex (1 ml contained 1.85 μg of selenium, 1.1 μg of chromium, 0,45 mg of lipids), no signs of intoxication were found (total medium molecular peptides content was reduced to 1.5 times, the content of TBA-active products and diene conjugates were also decreased), antioxidant processes (increase of glutathione content and activity of glutathione peroxidase while reducing the functional role of catalase) were activated (by increasing of succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase activity, glutamate dehydrogenase - the way of glutamate formation), which contributed to the successful functioning of the antioxidant system and maintenance of energy and metabolic homeostasis in the body. The obtained results enable the use of biologically active additives from chlorella, enriched with trace elements Se (IV), Zn (II) and Cr (III), as promising therapeutic and prophylactic substances, which will contribute to the successful functioning of the antioxidant system, maintain energy metabolism and metabolism correction of pathological processes, which is the basis for further studies of the biological activity of the complexes under study.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document