scholarly journals Dietary Leucine Supplementation Restores Serum Glucose Levels, and Modifying Hepatic Gene Expression Related to the Insulin Signal Pathway in IUGR Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1138
Author(s):  
Jingfei Zhang ◽  
Wen Xu ◽  
Hongli Han ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Tian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Leucine Supplementation

This study aimed to investigate the effects of leucine with different levels on the insulin resistance in intrauterine growth restriction/retardation (IUGR) piglets. Thirty-two weaned piglets were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design and four treatments (n = 8) were as follow: (1) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet (CONT), (2) IUGR weaned piglets fed a basal diet (IUGR), (3) normal weaned piglets fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (C-LEU), and (4) IUGR fed a basal diet with the addition of 0.35% l-leucine (I-LEU) for a 21-days trial. The results showed that compared to the IUGR group, the I-LEU group had higher final body weight and body weight gain, higher serum glucose concentrations, and higher serum insulin concentrations (p < 0.05). The gene expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110 gamma, protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit, glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha, and glucose transporter type 2 were increased in the I-LEU group as compared to the IUGR group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that dietary leucine supplementation restored serum glucose concentrations, increased insulin and creatinine concentrations, and enhanced protein kinase adenosine monophosphate-activated γ 3-subunit and glucose transporter type 2 expression, suggesting that leucine might play a positive role in hepatic lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism in IUGR.

scholarly journals Chromium acetate stimulates adipogenesis through regulation of gene expression and phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in bovine intramuscular or subcutaneous adipocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongkyoo Kim ◽  
Kiyong Chung ◽  
Bradley J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Chromium Acetate

Objective: We hypothesized that Cr source can alter adipogenic-related transcriptional regulations and cell signaling. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the biological effects of chromium acetate (CrAc) on bovine intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells.Methods: Bovine preadipocytes isolated from two different adipose tissue depots; IM and SC were used to evaluate the effect of CrAc treatment during differentiation on adipogenic gene expression. Adipocytes were incubated with various doses of CrAc: 0 (differentiation media only, control), 0.1, 1, and 10 μM. Cells were harvested and then analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to measure the quantity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α (<i>AMPK-α</i>), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-β (<i>C/EBPβ</i>), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (<i>GPR41</i>), <i>GPR43</i>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (<i>PPARγ</i>), and stearoyl CoA desaturase (<i>SCD</i>) mRNA relative to ribosomal protein subunit 9 (<i>RPS9</i>). The ratio of phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) to AMPK was determined using a western blot technique in order to determine changing concentration.Results: The high dose (10 μM) of CrAc increased <i>C/EBPβ</i>, in both IM (p = 0.02) and SC (p = 0.02). Expression of <i>PPARγ</i> was upregulated by 10 μM of CrAc in IM but not in SC. Expression of <i>SCD</i> was also increased in both IM and SC with 10 μM of CrAc treatment. Addition of CrAc did not alter gene expression of glucose transporter 4, <i>GPR41</i>, or <i>GPR43</i> in both IM and SC adipocytes. Addition of CrAc, resulted in a decreased pAMPKα to AMPKα ration (p<0.01) in IM.Conclusion: These data may indicate that Cr source may influence lipid filling in IM adipocytes via inhibitory action of AMPK phosphorylation and upregulating expression of adipogenic genes.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of Taxifolin in Cultured L6 Myotubes and Type 2 Diabetic Model KK-Ay/Ta Mice with Hyperglycemia and Hyperuricemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1293-1306
Author(s):  
Shinji Kondo ◽  
Shin-ichi Adachi ◽  
Fumiaki Yoshizawa ◽  
Kazumi Yagasaki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
L6 Myotubes ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Muscle is the largest tissue in our body and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis and hence diabetes. In the present study, we examined the effects of taxifolin (TXF) on glucose metabolism in cultured L6 muscle cells (myotubes) and in type 2 diabetic (T2D) model KK-Ay/Ta mice. TXF dose-dependently increased glucose uptake (GU) in L6 myotubes under the condition of insulin absence. This increase in GU was partially, but significantly canceled by TXF treatment in combination with either LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), which phosphorylates protein kinase B (Akt) or Compound C, an inhibitor of 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Furthermore, TXF was demonstrated to activate (=phosphorylate) both Akt and AMPK, and promote glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane from cytosol of L6 myotubes via both PI3K/Akt and AMPK signaling pathways. Based on these in vitro findings, we conducted an in vivo experiment in KK-Ay/Ta mice with hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, uric acid levels and an index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) increased significantly in the T2D model mice compared with normal ones. Such rises in the T2D state were significantly suppressed by oral administration of TXF for four weeks. These results suggest that TXF is a potent antihyperglycemic and antihyperuricemic phytochemical in the T2D state.

PSVI-16 The Association of Benzoic Acid and Essential Oils Eo Reduces the Inflammatory Response of Weaned Piglets and the Diarrhea Incidence in the Nursery Phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Sudario Roberto Silva Junior ◽  
Maíra Resende ◽  
Rhuan F Chaves ◽  
Jéssica Aparecida Barbosa ◽  
Iana I M Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Diarrhea Incidence

Abstract Benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) can minimize growth performance losses due to the removal of antibiotics and change the intestinal health of weaned piglets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of BA and EO on inflammatory response, diarrhea incidence, and growth performance of the nursery phase. One hundred and twenty barrows were weaned at 23 days (6.40 ± 0.53 kg) and assigned into 3 treatments (10 replicates) in randomized block design: basal diet without additives (NC), basal diet with 200 ppm of colistin sulphate (PC), and association of 0,3% benzoic acid and essential oil (BA+EO). The feed intake and body weight were recorded at 0 and 42 days. The feces were assessed daily (per animal) and graded as normal feces (no diarrhea) or liquid or pasty stools (presence of diarrhea). On days 1, 3, and 9, blood samples were collected (5 replicates) for white blood cells (WBC) counts. Growth performance was analyzed by MIXED procedure (SAS, 2009) and the Tukey test was used to compare the means (P &lt; 0.050). The WBC counts were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance, by MIXED procedure. Diarrhea incidence was analyzed by GENMOD procedure (SAS, 2009). The BA+EO treatment showed a similar body weight (P = 0.014) and average daily gain (P = 0.012) than the PC group and lower feed conversion ratio (P = 0.037) compared to the NC group. The pigs of the BA+EO treatment had the lowest diarrhea incidence during the total period (P &lt; 0.001). The supplementation with BA+EO or antibiotics reduced the counts of total WBC (P = 0.008) and neutrophils (P = 0.003). In conclusion, supplementation with BA+EO reduces the inflammatory response and the incidence of diarrhea in the nursery phase, that may be related to the improvement in the FCR.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Jute Leaf on Neonatal Streptozotocin- Induced Type-2 Diabetic Model Rat

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Md. Mahabub Ali ◽  
Md. Asrafuzzaman ◽  
Md. Mahedi Hassan Tusher ◽  
Md. Hafizur Rahman ◽  
Md. Tanvir Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Aim: Functional food and their bioactive compounds have been considered as a new approach for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes and its complications. According to this approach current study was carried out as an elucidation of antidiabetic properties of Corchorus capsularis and Corchorus olitorius varieties of jute leaf (ethanolic extract) on nSTZ-induced type-2 diabetic rats. Methodology: The type-2 diabetic model rat was developed by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared STZ (90 mg/kg/10 ml) in sterile citrate buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.5) to rat pups (48 hour old). After three months, OGTT was performed to select diabetic (FSG > 6.5mmol/L and after 90 min of glucose load > 14 mmol/L) experimental rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups [DWC, GT, Ext-1 and Ext-2 represent, diabetic water control, glybenclamide treated (20 mg/5 ml/kg body weight), C. capsularis treated and C. olitorius treated group (1.25 g/10 ml/kg body weight) respectively]. One group was kept with normal rats [normal water control, NWC]. The treatment was given once daily or 28 consecutive days. Fasting serum glucose, liver glycogen and lipid profile were estimated by using standard methods. Results: The results showed that Ext-1 and Ext-2 treated groups gradually decreased serum glucose level (7.15 ±0.67 to 5.94 ± 1.19 and 7.20 ± 0.93 to 5.28 ±1.03 respectively) and reducing effect by Ext-2 was significant (p=0.001). Both extract showed lower liver glycogen level compared with GT group [5.0±2.5 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-1 vs GT) and 7.5±6.4 Vs 17.7±6.5 (Ext-2 vs GT)] and even Ext-1 manifested significant effect (p=0.05). Additionally, lipid profile estimation revealed no significant improvement by the consumption of both the extracts. Conclusion: On the basis of current investigations, it may be concluded that both variety of jute’s leaf demonstrated hypoglycemic properties in Type 2 diabetic model rats; further in-depth studies are recommended to explore the exact mechanism(s) of hypoglycemic effect.

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

scholarly journals Amyotrophy Induced by a High-Fat Diet Is Closely Related to Inflammation and Protein Degradation Determined by Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis in Skeletal Muscle of C57BL/6 J Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
Ya-nan Sun ◽  
Jia-qiang Huang ◽  
Zhong-zhou Chen ◽  
Min Du ◽  
Fa-zheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
High Fat

ABSTRACT Background Ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscle results in dysfunction and atrophy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in modulating the structure and energy metabolism of skeletal muscle and the underlying mechanisms in mice. Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice (n = 30) were allowed 1 wk for acclimatization. After 6 mice with low body weight were removed from the study, the remaining 24 mice were fed with a normal-fat diet (NFD; 10% energy from fat, n = 12) or an HFD (60% energy from fat, n = 12) for 24 wk. At the end of the experiment, serum glucose and lipid concentrations were measured, and skeletal muscle was collected for atrophy analysis, inflammation measurements, and phosphoproteomic analysis. Results Compared with the NFD, the HFD increased (P &lt; 0.05) body weight (35.8%), serum glucose (64.5%), and lipid (27.3%) concentrations, along with elevated (P &lt; 0.05) expressions of the atrophy-related proteins muscle ring finger 1 (MURF1; 27.6%) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFBX; 44.5%) in skeletal muscle. Phosphoproteomic analysis illustrated 64 proteins with differential degrees of phosphorylation between the HFD and NFD groups. These proteins were mainly involved in modulating cytoskeleton [adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 2 (CAP2) and actin-α skeletal muscle (ACTA1)], inflammation [NF-κB-activating protein (NKAP) and serine/threonine-protein kinase RIO3 (RIOK3)], glucose metabolism [Cdc42-interacting protein 4 (TRIP10); protein kinase C, and casein kinase II substrate protein 3 (PACSIN3)], and protein degradation [heat shock protein 90 kDa (HSP90AA1)]. The HFD-induced inhibitions of the insulin signaling pathway and activations of inflammation in skeletal muscle were verified by Western blot analysis. Conclusions Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis in C57BL/6 J mice fed an NFD or HFD for 24 wk revealed that the phosphorylation of inflammatory proteins and proteins associated with glucose metabolism at specific serine residues may play critical roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle atrophy induced by an HFD. This work provides information regarding underlying molecular mechanisms for inflammation-induced dysfunction and atrophy in skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic effect of Oyster Mushroom mediates through increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and cyclic AMP-response element binding (CREB) protein in Type 2 Diabetic model Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-668
Author(s):  
Manoj Mandal ◽  
Rakibuzzaman ◽  
Begum Rokeya ◽  
Liaquat Ali ◽  
Zahid Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and c-AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) are found to be important proteins in metabolic system. AMPK has become the focus as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic syndromes. Oyster mushroom is traditionally used as remedy of diabetes and hypertension. The present study aims to observe the stimulation of AMPK and CREB in streptozotocin-induced diabetic model rats through Oyster mushroom administration. Long Evan’s rats were used to create type 2 model diabetic rats through intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at 90mg/kg body weight of 48hr old pups. Rats were divided into three groups: diabetic control rats, glibenclamide treated diabetic rats (positive control) and mushroom treated diabetic rats (experimental group). Mushroom was administered orally at a dose of 1.25g/kg body weight in semisolid forms. After five weeks rats were sacrificed, serum and tissues were collected for future analysis. Glucose was measured using glucose-oxidase method, lipid profile by enzymaticcolorimetric method. Proteins from different tissues were extracted using RIPA cell lysis buffer, AMPK and CREB were identified using western blot and immuno-precipitation techniques. A significant decreased of fasting glucose was found after 35 days of experiment when it compared with control diabetic rats (M ± SD, mmol/l, Diabetic control group: 8.0±1.1; Mushroom treated diabetic group: 6.4±1.0; p=0.021). Glibenclamide treated diabetic rats have also shown decreased fasting glucose compared to control diabetic rats. In paired ‘t’ test analysis, it has been found that serum fasting glucose level was significantly decreased on 35th day compared the 0 day in both mushroom treated group (p=0.027) and in glibenclamide treated group (p=0.005). Serum TG level was decreased on 35th day compared to 0day in mushroom treated diabetic model rats only (M±SD, mg/dl, 0 day: 84±13; 35th day: 61±6, p=0.002). No significant changes of cholesterol, HDL and LDL were noticed in the experimental groups following treatment with mushroom. Western blot analyses have shown increased band intensity of AMPK and p-CREB in mushroom treated diabetic model rats. Therefore, it can be concluded that Anti-hyperglycemic property of Oyster mushroom could be explained through increased expression of AMPK and activation of CREB.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.661-668

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