scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Zeolite Supplementation as an Antibiotic Alternative on Growth Performance, Intestinal Integrity, and Cecal Antibiotic Resistance Genes Abundances of Broilers

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Qu ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Chen ◽  
Li ◽  
Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Daily Gain

The study investigated the effects of dietary zeolite supplementation as an antibiotic alternative on growth performance, intestinal integrity, and cecal antibiotic resistance genes abundances of broilers. One-day-old chicks were assigned into three groups and fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (50 mg/kg) or zeolite (10 g/kg). Antibiotic or zeolite increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) from 1 to 42 days and duodenal villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) at 21 days. Zeolite increased (p < 0.05) ADG and average daily feed intake from 1 to 21 days, jejunal VH:CD at 21 and 42 days, ileal VH and VH:CD at 42 days, zonula occludens-1 mRNA abundance at 21 days, and duodenal occludin mRNA abundance at 42 days, whereas reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal CD and malondialdehyde levels in ileum at 21 days and duodenum at 42 days, serum D-lactic acid and diamine oxidase levels at 42 days, and plasma lipopolysaccharide content at 21 and 42 days. Antibiotics reduced (p < 0.05) duodenal claudin-2 mRNA abundance at 21 days, whereas increased (p < 0.05) cecal tetB abundance at 42 days. These findings suggested that the beneficial effects of zeolite in broilers were more pronounced than that of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Effects of xylo-oligosaccharide and flavomycin on the immune function of broiler chickens

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yuan ◽  
Wanli Li ◽  
Qianqian Huo ◽  
Chenhong Du ◽  
Zhixiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽  
Daily Gain

This study investigated the effects of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) and flavomycin (FLA) on the performance and immune function of broiler chickens. A total of 150 ArborAcres broilers were randomly divided into three groups and fed for six weeks from one day of age in cascade cages. The diets of each test group were (1) a basal diet, (2) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg FLA, and (3) the basal diet supplemented with 2 mg/kg XOS. At 21 and 42 days, the growth performance index values and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in the cecum were quantified. Furthermore, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and plasma interleukin 2 (IL-2) as well as mRNA expression of LPS-Induced TNF-alpha Factor (LITAF), Toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) and interferon gamma (IFNγ) in the jejunum were quantified. The results showed that administration of XOS or FLA to chickens significantly improved the average daily gain. Supplementation with XOS increased acetate and butyrate in the cecum, while FLA supplementation increased propionate in the cecum. An increase in plasma IgG was observed in XOS-fed 21-day-old broilers, but FLA supplementation decreased IgG in the plasma of 42-day-old broilers and increased plasma IL-2. Furthermore, FLA or XOS supplementation downregulated mRNA expression of IFNγ, LITAF and TLR5. The above data suggest that addition of XOS and FLA to the diet could improve the growth performance of broilers and reduce the expression of cytokine genes by stimulating SCFA.

scholarly journals Garlic skin induced shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome of fattening sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhen Su ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hanxue Sun ◽  
Jinfeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, ruminal microbes and metabolites in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. In addition, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

Nano selenium improves humoral immunity, growth performance and breast-muscle selenium concentration of broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Esmail Mohammadi ◽  
Hossein Janmohammadi ◽  
Majid Olyayee ◽  
Javad Ashrafi Helan ◽  
Somayeh Kalanaky
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Daily Gain

Context Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element and plays pivotal roles in poultry nutrition. Aims The present study was designed to compare the impact of dietary supplementation of different sources of Se on growth performance, Se concentration of breast meat, and immune response of broiler chickens. Methods In total, 300 1-day-old as hatched broilers were randomly allocated to six dietary treatments, with five replicates of 10 birds per each. The experimental diets were as follows: (1) corn–soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg of sodium selenite, (2) basal diet supplemented with 0.30 mg/kg of Se-enriched yeast, and (3–6) basal diet supplemented with 0.15, 0.30, 0.90 and 1.50 mg/kg of nano-Se respectively. Humoral immunity was assessed by antibody titer against a 5% sheep red blood-cell suspension and cellular immunity was measured by administration of phytohaemagglutinin-p at 38 days. Key results Results indicated that during the periods from 1 to 10 days, from 11 to 24 days, from 25 to 42 days and from 1 to 42 days, average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio did not differ among the treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Assessment of orthogonal contrasts at the whole phase of feeding showed that the average daily gain in the broilers fed organic Se was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher than that in those fed inorganic Se, as well as nano-Se in comparison to organic Se; such effects were not observed in earlier feeding stages. Se supplementation significantly increased the Se concentration of breast muscle (P &lt; 0.0001). The birds that received 1.50 mg/kg of diet nano-Se showed higher (P &lt; 0.05) total immunoglobulin and IgG titers in primary and secondary immune responses against sheep erythrocytes respectively. Toe web swelling after 24 h and 48 h of receiving phytohaemagglutinin-p was not affected by Se supplementation (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusions In conclusion, the addition of nano-Se gave better results than did inorganic (sodium selenite) and organic (yeast selenium) forms of Se in performance traits, breast meat Se concentration and antibody response of broilers. Implications Novel elemental nanometer particulates, including nano-Se, exhibit new characteristics and a different mode of actions in comparison with organic and inorganic forms of Se sources in poultry diets. Inclusion of the nano form of Se in broiler diets and study of productive performance, immunity responses and meat quality leads to improve balanced broiler diets formulation in view of Se.

Influence of the efficacy of a probiotic complex containing Bacillus subtilis and Pichia farinosa on the growth performance and fecal microbiota of finishing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-970
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
In Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Pichia Farinosa

A total of 120 finish pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc; 52.61 ± 2.37 kg] were randomly allotted into three treatments for a 70 d trial to evaluate the growth performance and fecal microbiota counts in finishing pigs. Treatment groups were (i) basal diet (CON), (ii) CON + 0.1% probiotic complex (TRT1), and (iii) CON + 0.2% probiotic complex (TRT2). Each treatment consisted of eight replicate pens with five pigs per pen. The average daily gain and fecal Lactobacillus counts of TRT2 were increased (P < 0.05) compared with CON treatment. The result showed that 0.2% complex probiotic was more effective than 0.1%.

scholarly journals Indirect Selection against Antibiotic Resistance via Specialized Plasmid-Dependent Bacteriophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Reetta Penttinen ◽  
Cindy Given ◽  
Matti Jalasvuori
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Multiple Resistance Genes

Antibiotic resistance genes of important Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are residing in mobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids. These elements rapidly disperse between cells when antibiotics are present and hence our continuous use of antimicrobials selects for elements that often harbor multiple resistance genes. Plasmid-dependent (or male-specific or, in some cases, pilus-dependent) bacteriophages are bacterial viruses that infect specifically bacteria that carry certain plasmids. The introduction of these specialized phages into a plasmid-abundant bacterial community has many beneficial effects from an anthropocentric viewpoint: the majority of the plasmids are lost while the remaining plasmids acquire mutations that make them untransferable between pathogens. Recently, bacteriophage-based therapies have become a more acceptable choice to treat multi-resistant bacterial infections. Accordingly, there is a possibility to utilize these specialized phages, which are not dependent on any particular pathogenic species or strain but rather on the resistance-providing elements, in order to improve or enlengthen the lifespan of conventional antibiotic approaches. Here, we take a snapshot of the current knowledge of plasmid-dependent bacteriophages.

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fecal microbial flora in growing pigs fed diets containing Spirulina

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-847
Author(s):  
X. Liu ◽  
Y.S. Han ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Gpx Activity

The present experiment was to evaluate the effects of dietary Spirulina (SP) supplementation in growing pigs. A total of 140 pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc, 25.32 ± 1.36 kg] were randomly distributed to one of four treatments: control, basal diet; treatment 1, basal diet + 0.025% SP; treatment 2, basal diet + 0.050% SP; and treatment 3, basal diet + 0.100% SP. Growing pigs fed 0.050% SP diet had greater (P < 0.05) body weight and fecal Lactobacillus counts compared with pigs fed basal diet. Average daily gain and gain to feed ratio were greater (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 0.050% and 0.100% SP diets as compared with pigs fed basal diet. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity for pigs fed 0.050% SP diet tended to increase compared with pigs fed basal diet (P < 0.10). Pigs fed 0.025%, 0.050%, and 0.100% SP had a higher (P < 0.05) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity than pigs fed basal diet. In conclusion, SP supplementation improved growth performance and ATTD of DM, increased the SOD and GPx activity, and enhanced the fecal Lactobacillus counts in growing pigs.

scholarly journals Effects of β-glucan and vitamin products supplementation into diets on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs in Ben Tre province

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Ngoc Bich Tran ◽  
Quang Trung Le ◽  
Thi Ngoc Truc Dang ◽  
Van Hieu Truong ◽  
Thi Kim Quyen Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of vitamin and β-glucan supplementations on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs in Ben Tre province. A total of 36 post-weaned piglets (Duroc x Yorkshire-Landrace) with the initial live weight of 17.42 kg±0.26, was allotted into 3 treatments and 4 replications in a completely randomized design. There were three diets, including basal diet (BD) without any addition of β-glucan or vitamin (diet CT), the BD supplemented with vitamin (diet Vit) and the BD supplemented with β-glucan (diet Glu). The results on growth parameters indicated that final live weight (kg), weight gain (kg), and average daily gain (g/head/day) of pigs in the experimental diets were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those in the control treatment. FCR was lowest in Glu and highest in the control (P<0.01). Financial benefit based on feed and veterinary expenses was higher in the vitamin and β-glucan supplement diets than that of the control from 15.74% to 18.98%, respectively.

scholarly journals Garlic Skin Induced Shifts in the Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome of Fattening Sheep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN Zhu ◽  
Zhen Su ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Hanxue Sun ◽  
Jinfeng Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Background: Garlic and its constituents exhibit activities on modifying rumen fermentation and improving growth performance. As a by-product of garlic processing, garlic skin contains similar bioactive components as garlic bulb. However, studies in ruminants using garlic skin are scarce. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic skin supplementation on rumen fermentation characterizes, growth performance, and involved mechanism in ruminants. Twelve Hu lambs were randomly assigned into one of two treatments: basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of gallic skin (GAS). The experiment lasted for10 weeks, with the first 2 weeks for adaptation. Results: The results revealed that the average daily gain and volatile fatty acid concentration were higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed GAS than that in the control group. Garlic skin supplementation did not significantly (P > 0.10) affect the α-diversity indices. Increased (P < 0.05) abundances of Prevotella, Bulleidia, Howardella, Methanosphaera but a decreased (P < 0.05) abundance of Fretibacterium were observed in GAS-fed lambs. Besides, the garlic skin supplementation favorably regulated (P < 0.05) pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 and B1 metabolism. Moreover, high correlations were observed between fluctuant rumen microbiota and metabolites. Conclusions: Supplementation of garlic skin improved the growth performance of sheep by modifying rumen fermentation through inducing shifts in the rumen microbiome and metabolome.

PSIII-14 Hybrid Rye Can Replace Corn in Diets for Growing Pigs Without Impacting Growth Performance Although Pigs Prefer to Eat Corn Rather Than Hybrid Rye If Given a Choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Molly L McGhee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Taste Preference ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Hybrid Rye ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses that feed preference and growth performance will not be affected if hybrid rye replaces corn in diets for growing pigs. In experiment 1, 36 pigs (32.0 ± 1.8 kg) were housed for 8 d with one gilt and one barrow in each pen. Each pen had 2 feeders containing a corn-based or a hybrid rye-based diet. Feeder positions were switched daily, and feed allotments and disappearances were recorded daily. In experiment 2, 128 pigs (27.2 ± 2.2 kg) were allotted to 32 pens with 4 pigs/pen and 8 replicate pens per diet. A corn-based basal diet and 3 diets containing 22, 45, or 67% hybrid rye were fed for 27 d. Body weights were determined at the start and conclusion of the experiment. Experiment 1 data were analyzed by a paired t-test and experiment 2 data were analyzed using SAS Proc Mixed with diet as the fixed effect and pen as a random effect. Contrast statements were used to test linear and quadratic effects of including graded levels of hybrid rye in diets. In experiment 1, preference for the hybrid rye diet was less (P &lt; 0.05) than for the corn diet on each day and for the overall experiment (Table 1). In experiment 2, body weights of pigs, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed did not differ among treatments. Average daily feed intake tended to decrease (linear, P &lt; 0.10) with increased hybrid rye inclusion. Taste preference and satiating effects of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the reduced consumption of hybrid rye in both experiments. Nevertheless, the observation that diet did not influence ADG or gain:feed indicate that growing pigs may be fed diets with high inclusion rates of hybrid rye without negatively impacting growth.

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