scholarly journals Anaesthetic and Perioperative Management of 14 Male New Zealand White Rabbits for Calvarial Bone Surgery

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Raillard ◽  
Carlotta Detotto ◽  
Sandro Grepper ◽  
Olgica Beslac ◽  
Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Perioperative Management ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Bone Surgery ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

Calvarial bone surgery on rabbits is frequently performed. This report aims to document a simple and practical anaesthetic and perioperative management for this procedure. Fourteen male New Zealand white rabbits were included in the study. Subcutaneous (SC) dexmedetomidine, ketamine and buprenorphine ± isoflurane vaporized in oxygen administered through a supraglottic airway device (V-gel®) provided clinically suitable anaesthesia. Supplemental oxygen was administered throughout recovery. Monitoring was clinical and instrumental (pulse-oximetry, capnography, invasive blood pressure, temperature, arterial blood gas analysis). Lidocaine was infiltrated at the surgical site and meloxicam was injected subcutaneously as perioperative analgesia. After surgery, pain was assessed five times daily (composite behavioural pain scale and grimace scale). Postoperative analgesia included SC meloxicam once daily for four days and buprenorphine every 8 h for three days (unless both pain scores were at the lowest possible levels). Rescue analgesia (buprenorphine) was administered in case of the score > 3/8 in the composite pain scale, >4/10 on the grimace scale or if determined necessary by the caregivers. Airway management with a V-gel® was possible but resulted in respiratory obstruction during the surgery in two cases. Hypoventilation was observed in all rabbits. All rabbits experienced pain after the procedure. Monitoring, pain assessments and administration of postoperative analgesia were recommended for 48 h.

Comparison of endoscopic endotracheal intubation and the v-gel supraglottic airway device for spontaneously ventilating New Zealand white rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (10) ◽  
pp. e84-e84
Author(s):  
Jessica Comolli ◽  
Rodney Schnellbacher ◽  
Hugues Beaufrere ◽  
Uriel Blas-Machado ◽  
Jane Quandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Airway Device ◽  
Supraglottic Airway ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Supraglottic Airway Device ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Airway Trauma ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

BackgroundDue to the technical difficulties with endotracheal intubation of rabbits, a prospective, randomised, controlled study was performed to compare a rabbit-specific supraglottic airway device (SGAD), the v-gel, with endoscopic endotracheal intubation (EEI) in spontaneously breathing rabbits undergoing ovariohysterectomy.MethodsFourteen adult female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated to one of two groups based on the method of airway establishment: EEI or v-gel SGAD. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine and xylazine and maintained using isoflurane in 100 per cent oxygen. Comparisons were made between groups based on placement time of endotracheal tube/SGAD, number of attempts and adjustments, the necessity to increase isoflurane concentrations to maintain a surgical plane of anaesthesia, arterial blood gas values, gross laryngeal evaluation, and laryngotracheal histopathology.ResultsBoth techniques resulted in elevated arterial pCO2 levels, but the v-gel was associated with more elevated pCO2 in comparison with EEI (P=0.045). Airway trauma was histologically present but clinically negligible in both groups, with no statistically significant differences observed between techniques (P>0.05). Placement time of the v-gel was significantly faster (P=0.003) and required less technical skill than EEI, but was more easily displaced when changing the animal’s position (P=0.004).ConclusionThe v-gel is a practical alternative to EEI for securing the airway of healthy spontaneously ventilating rabbits, provided a capnograph is utilised to ensure continuous placement. Both airway techniques appear safe and effective with few complications, as long as intermittent positive pressure ventilation can be employed to correct hypercapnia.

Postoperative pain control in cats: clinical trials with pre-emptive lidocaine epidural co-administered with morphine or methadone

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael DeRossi ◽  
Larissa Correa Hermeto ◽  
Paulo Henrique Affonseca Jardim ◽  
Natalia de Andrade Bicudo ◽  
Klebs Tavares de Assis
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Postoperative Pain Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Epidural Injections ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acceptable Range

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of epidural lidocaine in combination with either methadone or morphine for postoperative analgesia in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods Under general anesthesia, 24 cats that underwent ovariohysterectomy were randomly allocated into three treatment groups of eight each. Treatment 1 included 2% lidocaine (4.0 mg/kg); treatment 2 included lidocaine and methadone (4.0 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively); and treatment 3 included lidocaine and morphine (4.0 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively). All drugs were injected in a total volume of 0.25 ml/kg via the lumbosacral route in all cats. During the anesthetic and surgical periods, the physiologic variables (respiratory and heart rate, arterial blood pressure and rectal temperature) were measured at intervals of time zero, 10 mins, 20 mins, 30 mins, 60 mins and 120 mins. After cats had recovered from anesthesia, a multidimensional composite pain scale was used to assess postoperative analgesia 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 h after epidural. Results The time to first rescue analgesic was significantly ( P <0.05) prolonged in cats that received both lidocaine and methadone or lidocaine and morphine treatments compared with those that received lidocaine treatment alone. All cats that received lidocaine treatment alone required rescue analgesic within 2 h of epidural injections. All treatments produced significant cardiovascular and respiratory changes but they were within an acceptable range for healthy animals during the surgical period. Conclusions and relevance The two combinations administered via epidural allowed ovariohysterectomy with sufficient analgesia in cats, and both induced prolonged postoperative analgesia.

INTRAVENOUS BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IMPAIRS MONOCYTE TISSUE FACTOR GENERATION IN RABBITS

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Edwards ◽  
W Brande
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Mononuclear Cell ◽  
Suppressor Activity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Mo Content

Bacterial 1ipopolysaccharide (LPS) ts a potent stimulus for monocyte tissue factor (MTF) generation jn. vitro. We have examined the effect of small amounts of LPS on MTF expression in vivo. LPS (0.1 - 50ug) was injected into the ear veins of 66 New Zealand White rabbits. Arterial blood was collected immediately prior to LPS (TO), and 5 (T5) and 30 (T30) minutes later. Mononuclear cell suspensions (MC) were assessed for monocyte (Mo) content and MTF generation was determined in both unstimulated and LPS-stimulated MC cultures (18 hours incubation). As seen in the table, T5 cells obtained following in vivo exposure to 5 or lOug LPS demonstrated spontaneous MTF generation in the absence of in vitro stimulation. By T30, the Mo content of MC decreased from 28% to 17% and MTF generation was decreased in both stimulated and unstimulated cultures. However, this decreased MTF could not be explained by reduction in Mo number. In reconstitution experiments, T30 lymphoctes (Ly) did not suppress TO MTF generation and TO Ly did not restore T30 MTF generation, suggesting that the decreased MTF generation is not mediated by increased Ly suppressor activity. Neither heparin, warfarin nor hydrocortisone had any effect on Mo count or on MTF generation. These experiments suggest that small amounts of LPS activate a subpopulation of Mo, which is quickly lost from the circulation, while the remaining Mo are resistant to further LPS stimulation. Direct activation of this subpopulation of competent Mo by LPS may contribute to activation of blood coagulation in sepsis.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone as a bupivacaine adjuvant for ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block: a prospective randomized study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Abd el Fattah Metawie Badran ◽  
Ayman Mokhtar Kamaly ◽  
Hadil Magdy Abdel Hamid ◽  
Raham Hassan Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Interscalene Block ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group D

Abstract Background Finding adjuvants to local anesthetic used in interscalene block that could efficiently extend the analgesia duration has recently been the focus of researchers. The aim of the work was to determine whether the addition of perineural dexamethasone to bupivacaine in-ultrasound guided interscalene block would prolong the duration of sensory analgesia in patients undergoing shoulder surgery. Results This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study comprised 50 patients. They were randomly subdivided into 2 groups: group C [control] and group D [dexamethasone]. We noted a significant difference regarding the timing for the first rescue analgesia being shorter in group C than in group D with a P value < 0.001. Regarding postoperative analgesia, higher Ketolac consumption was noticed in group C than in group D. Patients from both groups showed excellent analgesic effects with VAS score less than 2 points up to 6 h postoperative then patients in group C had a higher VAS score compared to group D, and the difference was statistically significant (P value < 0.05). We also noticed an increase in the heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure in group C than in group D at 12 h and 24 h postoperatively. Conclusion We concluded that the addition of 8 mg of perineural dexamethasone to 30 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine showed improvement in the postoperative analgesia in shoulder surgery without obvious complications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiopulmonary, Blood Gases and Clinical Effects of Dexmedetomidine-Ketamine and Midazolam-Ketamine Anesthesia in New Zealand White Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (09) ◽  
pp. 6568-2021
Author(s):  
Ünal YAVUZ ◽  
Kerem YENER ◽  
Adem ŞAHAN ◽  
Pelin Fatoş POLAT DİNÇER ◽  
Ali HAYAT
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
End Tidal Co2

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine-ketamine and midazolam-ketamine combinations on cardiopulmonary and clinical parameters in New Zealand white rabbits. The DXK group (n=8) received dexmedetomidine (50 µg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg), and the MDK group (n=8) received midazolam (0.6 mg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg) in the same syringe through the intramuscular (IM) route. Before anaesthesia and for 120 minutes, reflexes, haemodynamic values and blood gas changes were monitored. It was determined that anaesthesia was induced within a shorter time and lasted longer in DXK. The difference between the groups in terms of the time of loss of the pedal reflex (2.0 min in DXK, 7.5 min in MDK) was statistically significant (p<0.05). It was observed that, in both groups, the heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and oxy-haemoglobin saturation (SpO2) values decreased, and the end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) values increased, but these changes were greater in DXK. With regard to arterial blood gasses, a reduction in pH and pO2 and an increase in pCO2 were also more noticeable in DXK. Consequently, at the doses applied, dexmedetomidine-ketamine caused more noticeable changes in the haemodynamic values and blood gasses in comparison to midazolam-ketamine. High-dose dexmedetomidine (50 µg/kg) and low-dose ketamine (20 mg/kg) achieved induction in a shorter time but led to a significant reduction in RR. It was concluded that the combination of midazolam (0.6 mg/kg) and ketamine (20 mg/kg) could be regarded as appropriate for the anaesthesia of New Zealand white rabbits.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of nefopam and tramadol on postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
S. Zhang ◽  
JN Li ◽  
L. Luan ◽  
W. Guan ◽  
XY Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Composite Measure ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Group D

Relieving perioperative pain can reduce postoperative suffering and improve recovery from anaesthesia in animals. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of nefopam and tramadol in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Twenty-four adult mixed-breed female dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8) and received their respective treatments immediately after surgery: Group T (2 mg/kg tramadol, i.v.), Group C (1 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.) and Group D (2 mg/kg nefopam, i.v.). The heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR) and rectal temperature (RT) were measured and the level of analgesia was assessed using the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF). The CMPS-SF was performed at least two days before premedication (baseline), every 2 h for the first 8 h (post-extubation), at 12 h and at 24 h. Results showed that the HR in all groups was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher at 2 and 6 h than at baseline. The RR in Group T was significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) at 0 and 2 h than at baseline. Rescue analgesia (0.2 mg/kg morphine, i.v.) was provided if CMPS-SF pain scores greater than or equal to six. Four dogs required rescue analgesia: one dog in Group T at 2 h and three dogs in Group C at 2 and 6 h. No dogs in Group D required rescue analgesia. The CMPS-SF pain scores of dogs in Group C were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) than those in Group T at 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than those in Group C at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h. The scores in Group D were significantly lower (P &lt; 0.05) than those in Group T at 2 and 4 h. However, the scores in Group D were not significantly different compared with Group T. In conclusion, this study suggests that nefopam at 2 mg/kg i.v. produces better postoperative analgesia compared with tramadol at 2 mg/kg i.v. or nefopam at 1 mg/kg i.v. in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block versus caudal block for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing acute appendicitis: a comparative study

Pain medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
D V Dmytriiev ◽  
E O Glazov ◽  
B V Zaletskyi ◽  
K Y Dmytriieva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Skin Incision ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Postanesthesia Care Unit ◽  
Caudal Block ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum Block ◽  
Quadratus Lumborum ◽  
Study Team

Background: ultrasound (US)-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) is an effective technique in providing analgesia for abdominal surgery. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a US-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) compare it with a caudal block in children after acute appendicitis. Patients and methods. Forty eight (48) ASA 1–2, 1–5-year-old children scheduled for elective acute appendicites were studied. All patients received general anesthesia; sevoflurane was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was used to secure the airway. After securing an intravenous cannula, patients were randomized to a US-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) (n = 24) (group Q) using 0.5 ml/kg of 0.25 % bupivacaine, injected on the same side of surgery, and group C received a caudal block using 1 ml/kg of 0.2 % bupivacaine (n = 24). Surgery was allowed 15 min after administration of the block. Block failure was considered in case of gross movement or more than 20 % change in heart rate and/or ABP persisting more than 1 min after skin incision. Any adverse events were recorded. After surgery, patients remained for 4 h in the recovery room. Postoperative analgesia was evaluated using Children and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale (CHIPPS). An anesthesiologist, who was not part of the study team, evaluated the need for rescue analgesia in the intraoperative and postoperative period and a recovery nurse collected the data. If the CHIPPS score was greater than 4, a rescue analgesia of 20 mg/kg acetaminophen was administered. Results. No difference was found in hemodynamics in both groups. Also, intraoperative fentanyl consumption was not different and no rescue analgesia was required in the postanesthesia care unit. Conclusion. US-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) is as effective as caudal block in providing immediate postoperative analgesia in acute appendicitis.

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