scholarly journals Don’t Demean “Invasives”: Conservation and Wrongful Species Discrimination

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 871
Author(s):  
C.E. Abbate ◽  
Bob Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Species Discrimination

It is common for conservationists to refer to non-native species that have undesirable impacts on humans as “invasive”. We argue that the classification of any species as “invasive” constitutes wrongful discrimination. Moreover, we argue that its being wrong to categorize a species as invasive is perfectly compatible with it being morally permissible to kill animals—assuming that conservationists “kill equally”. It simply is not compatible with the double standard that conservationists tend to employ in their decisions about who lives and who dies.

Micromorphological studies of leaf epidermal features in populations of maples (Acer L.) from Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
MOJGANSADAT MOHTASHAMIAN ◽  
FARIDEH ATTAR ◽  
KAVEH KAVOUSI ◽  
ALI MASOUDI-NEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Epidermal Features ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
First Time

As the largest genus of broad leaved deciduous trees, Acer L. contains about 126 species distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. With eight native species in Iran, maples are among the most important tree species in the country. Micromorphological traits of 39 populations of Iranian native species indicated the value of leaf epidermal characteristics in identification and classification of maples. A number of epidermal morphological features of the abaxial surface were investigated using LM and SEM images. The occurrence of stomata in clusters is reported for the first time in Acer. The shape of the epidermal cells, anticlinal cell wall patterns, type of indumentum, and epicuticular waxes were the most significant variables in this study. The ability of quantitative and qualitative variables in segregating the studied taxa was evaluated by statistical methods, including PCA, MCA and Non-parametric analyses.

Detecting Cutleaf Teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus) along a Missouri Highway with Hyperspectral Imagery

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego J. Bentivegna ◽  
Reid J. Smeda ◽  
Cuizhen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Hyperspectral Images ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Water Classification ◽  
Management Techniques

AbstractCutleaf teasel is an invasive, biennial plant that poses a significant threat to native species along roadsides in Missouri. Flowering plants, together with understory rosettes, often grow in dense patches. Detection of cutleaf teasel patches and accurate assessment of the infested area can enable targeted management along highways. Few studies have been conducted to identify specific species among a complex of vegetation composition along roadsides. In this study, hyperspectral images (63 bands in visible to near-infrared spectral region) with high spatial resolution (1 m) were analyzed to detect cutleaf teasel in two areas along a 6.44-km (4-mi) section of Interstate I-70 in mid Missouri. The identified classes included cutleaf teasel, bare soil, tree/shrub, grass/other broadleaf plants, and water. Classification of cutleaf teasel reached a user's accuracy of 82 to 84% and a producer's accuracy of 89% in the two sites. The conditional κ value was around 0.9 in both sites. The image-classified cutleaf teasel map provides a practical mechanism for identifying locations and extents of cutleaf teasel infestation so that specific cutleaf teasel management techniques can be implemented.Cutleaf teasel is an exotic weed that infests roadside environments in Missouri. As a growing biennial, the plant develops as a rosette during the first year and bolts during the second. Dense patches contain flowering plants with understory rosettes. The objective of this work was to develop approaches for detecting cutleaf teasel patches with accurate assessment in a complex of species along a roadside. Thus, management of cutleaf teasel could be located at specific sites. Two hyperspectral images (63 bands with 1-m spatial resolution) were analyzed to detect cutleaf teasel along the Interstate Highway I-70 in mid Missouri. Classification of cutleaf teasel reached a user's accuracy of 82 to 84% and a producer's accuracy of 89% at the two sites. The image-classified teasel map provides a practical mechanism for identifying the locations and extents of cutleaf teasel infestation so that specific management techniques can be implemented.

The conservation status of rodents in the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Z. Woinarski
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Full Complement

The rodent fauna of the monsoonal tropics of the Northern Territory comprises 23 native species and two introduced species. Three species (Zyzomys maini, Z. palatalis and Pseudomys calabyi) are endemic to the area, and four species (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis, P. desertor, P. johnsoni and Notomys alexis) enter the area only on its southern (arid) fringe. The rodent fauna is closely related to that of the Kimberley, Western Australia. Distribution maps for all species are given. One species (Z. palatalis) has an extremely restricted range and is regarded as critically endangered. The lack of information on the distribution and abundance of rodents in general in this area is evident in the national classification of five of its species (Xeromys myoides, Mesembriomys macrurus, Notomys aquilo, Pseudomys desertor and Pseudomys johnsoni) as Insufficiently Known. The two introduced rodents (Mus domesticus and Rattus rattus) are virtually restricted to urban and highly modified areas, although R. rattus also occurs on one uninhabited island. In contrast to that of much of the rest of Australia, this rodent fauna has apparently retained its full complement of species since European colonisation. This enduring legacy is attributable largely to the relatively limited modification of its environments. However, three species (Mesembriomys macrurus, Rattus tunneyi and Conilurus penicillatus) appear to be declining. The pattern of decline in these species, and in the mammal fauna generally, is obscured by the very limited historical data. However, declines appear most pronounced in the cattle country of the Victoria River District and Gulf regions. Priorities for the management of this rodent fauna include survey of poorly known areas, survey for poorly known species, monitoring of rodent communities, and landscape-wide management of the three pervasive processes with probably greatest impacts – fire, grazing and feral predators.

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Investigation of the New Zealand  Pteridaceae Ferns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Whitney L M Bouma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Species Specific

<p>The fern family Pteridaceae is among the largest fern families in New Zealand. It comprises 17 native species among five genera. Traditionally the classification of Pteridaceae was based on morphological characters. The advent of molecular technology, now makes is possible to test these morphology-based classifications. The Pteridaceae has previously been subjected to phylogenetic analyses; however representatives from New Zealand and the South Pacific have never been well represented in these studies. This thesis research aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae, as well as, the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand species to their overseas relatives. The DNA sequences of several Chloroplast loci (e.g. trnL-trnF locus, rps4 and rps4-trnS IGS, atpB, and rbcL) were determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae and several species-specific question within the genus Pellaea and Adiantum were investigated. Results presented in this thesis confirm previously published phylogenetics of the Pteridaceae, which show the resolution of five major clades, i.e.,cryptogrammoids, ceratopteridoids, pteridoids, cheilanthoids, and the adiantoids. The addition of the New Zealand species revealed a possible South West Pacific groups formed by the respective genera, where New Zealand species were generally more related to one another than to overseas relatives. Within the New Zealand Pellaea, the analysis of the trnL-trnF locus sequence data showed that the morphologically-intermediate plants P. aff. falcata, responsible for taxonomic confusion, were more closely related to P. rotundifolia than to P. falcata. Furthermore, the species collected on the Kermadec Islands, previously thought to be P. falcata, are genetically distinct from the Australian P. falcata and they could constitute a new species. Adiantum hispidulum, which is polymorphic for two different hair types being used to distinguish them as different species, was also reinvestigated morphologically and molecularly. Morphological inspection of hairs revealed three hair types as opposed to the previous thought two, and furthermore, they correspond to three different trnL-trnF sequences haplotypes.</p>

scholarly journals Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les Christidis ◽  
Walter E Boles
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
Comprehensive Introduction

Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds presents an up-to-date classification of Australian birds. Building on the authors’ 1994 book, The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of Australia and its Territories, it incorporates the extensive volume of relevant systematic work since then. The findings of these studies are summarised and evaluated in the explanations for the taxonomic treatments adopted, and with the extensive citations, the book serves as a comprehensive introduction to the recent systematic literature of Australian birds. All species of birds that have been recorded from the Australian mainland, Tasmania, island territories and surrounding waters are treated and listed. Along with extant native species, all accepted vagrants, recently extinct (since 1800) native species and established introduced species are included.

scholarly journals FLORISTIC STUDY ON ANGIOSPERMS SURROUNDING THE MEDAVAKKAM LAKE, CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Basha Kolar ◽  
Palanivel. S, ◽  
M. Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
S. Sheik Mohamed ◽  
M. Shareef Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Diversity Indices

Biodiversity plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem for their sustainable utilization. A preliminary survey was conducted to document the diversity and economic importance of the angiosperms around the Medavakkam Lake, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study area act as a seed bank for native species and provide suitable conditions to endemic and certain endangered species. Diversity indices of the study area was found significant, in which the species abundance, richness and evenness were found. A total of 71 species belonging to 36 families of angiosperms were documented. Among which the Dicotyledons plants were 87.32% and monocotyledon plants were 12.67% of total flora reported. The study area was dominated by the family fabaceae (14.1%) with ten species. Habit wise classification of plants reveal that trees are predominant with 32%, followed by hers (25%), Shrubs (21%), Climbers (13%), undershrubs (6%) and grasses (3%). The Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon Wiener Index and evenness index of the study area is 0.777, 1.5634 and 0.8725 respectively. These plants was found with enormous benefits to the mankind such as medicinal, edible, timber, ornamental, oil and other sources. This investigation divulges that the Medavakkam Lake has substantial angiosperm diversity served as major source for native plants having greater economic importance.

scholarly journals NOTES ON THRIPIDÆ, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES

1883 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Osborn
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Native Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Family

The family Thripidæ, though possessing many characters of peculiar interest, and being of no little importance economically, has received but very little attention from American Entomologists, either systematic or economic. With the exception of a few notes upon their habits, and descriptions of some four or five species by Dr. Fitch, and also a few notes by Mr. Walsh and Prof. Riley, concerning their food habits, scarcely anything has been written of our native species.Without going into a discussion of the classification of the group, or the peculiar characters which seem to ally it to different orders, it will be sufficient here to state that the wings are entirely membranous and folded flat upon the back, which, with the general conformation of the body, would seem to place it with the Homopterous division of the Hemiptera. The mouth parts, however, are free, composed of both mandibles and maxillæ, and the maxillæ and labium are palpigerous—characters very diverse from those of the group just mentioned.

scholarly journals A state-space approach to understand responses of organisms, populations and communities to multiple environmental drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Giménez ◽  
Adreeja Chatterjee ◽  
Gabriela Torres
Keyword(s):  
Exotic Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
State Space Approach ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Space Approach

AbstractUnderstanding the response of biotic systems to multiple environmental drivers is one of the major concerns in ecology. The most common approach in multiple driver research includes the classification of interactive responses into categories (antagonistic, synergistic). However, there are situations where the use of classification schemes limits our understanding or cannot be applied. Here, we introduce and explore an approach that allows us to better appreciate variability in responses to multiple drivers. We then apply it to a case, comparing effects of heatwaves on performance of a cold-adapted species and a warm-adapted competitor. The heatwaves had a negative effect on the native (but not on the exotic) species and the approach highlighted that the exotic species was less responsive to multivariate environmental variation than the native species. Overall, we show how the proposed approach can enhance our understanding of variation in responses due to different driver intensities, species, genotypes, ontogeny, life-phases or among spatial scales at any level of biological organization.

scholarly journals A Phylogenetic Investigation of the New Zealand  Pteridaceae Ferns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Whitney L M Bouma
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion ◽  
Species Specific

<p>The fern family Pteridaceae is among the largest fern families in New Zealand. It comprises 17 native species among five genera. Traditionally the classification of Pteridaceae was based on morphological characters. The advent of molecular technology, now makes is possible to test these morphology-based classifications. The Pteridaceae has previously been subjected to phylogenetic analyses; however representatives from New Zealand and the South Pacific have never been well represented in these studies. This thesis research aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae, as well as, the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand species to their overseas relatives. The DNA sequences of several Chloroplast loci (e.g. trnL-trnF locus, rps4 and rps4-trnS IGS, atpB, and rbcL) were determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae and several species-specific question within the genus Pellaea and Adiantum were investigated. Results presented in this thesis confirm previously published phylogenetics of the Pteridaceae, which show the resolution of five major clades, i.e.,cryptogrammoids, ceratopteridoids, pteridoids, cheilanthoids, and the adiantoids. The addition of the New Zealand species revealed a possible South West Pacific groups formed by the respective genera, where New Zealand species were generally more related to one another than to overseas relatives. Within the New Zealand Pellaea, the analysis of the trnL-trnF locus sequence data showed that the morphologically-intermediate plants P. aff. falcata, responsible for taxonomic confusion, were more closely related to P. rotundifolia than to P. falcata. Furthermore, the species collected on the Kermadec Islands, previously thought to be P. falcata, are genetically distinct from the Australian P. falcata and they could constitute a new species. Adiantum hispidulum, which is polymorphic for two different hair types being used to distinguish them as different species, was also reinvestigated morphologically and molecularly. Morphological inspection of hairs revealed three hair types as opposed to the previous thought two, and furthermore, they correspond to three different trnL-trnF sequences haplotypes.</p>

Study on the Characteristic Spectral Properties for Species Identification of Animal-Derived Feedstuff Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2446-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Gao ◽  
Simiao Zhou ◽  
Zengling Yang ◽  
Lujia Han ◽  
Xian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The objective of the present study was to explore the effective spectral bands related to lipid characteristics in spectra of raw animal-derived feedstuff and figure out which marked spectral regions (single or combined) contributed more to species discrimination. A total of 82 meat and bone meals, including porcine, poultry, bovine, ovine, and fish, were studied. Raw materials, extracted lipid, and defatted samples were simultaneously analyzed and calculated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometric methods. Taking the spectra of lipid as references, five marked spectral regions considered the main lipid characteristic regions were found in the raw animal-derived feedstuff spectra. In the study, single and combined marked spectral bands were investigated and proved to have better performance than the whole spectra of raw terrestrial animal-derived feedstuff and fishmeal. For the discrimination of five animal species, the regions of 1800–1650 cm–1, 1500–1330 cm–1, 1260–1060 cm–1, and 790–640 cm–1 presented better results; for the classification of three categories, the regions of 3100–2800 cm–1, 1800–1650 cm–1, and 1500–1330 cm–1 showed the best results.

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