scholarly journals The Effect of Tree Width on Thoracolumbar and Limb Kinematics, Saddle Pressure Distribution, and Thoracolumbar Dimensions in Sports Horses in Trot and Canter

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell MacKechnie-Guire ◽  
Erik MacKechnie-Guire ◽  
Vanessa Fairfax ◽  
Diana Fisher ◽  
Mark Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Tree Width ◽  
Peak Pressures

This study evaluated the effect of saddle tree width on thoracolumbar and limb kinematics, saddle pressure distribution, and thoracolumbar epaxial musculature dimensions. Correctly fitted saddles were fitted by a Society of Master Saddler Qualified Saddle Fitter in fourteen sports horses (mean ± SD age 12 ± 8.77 years, height 1.65 ± 0.94 m), and were altered to one width fitting wider and narrower. Horses were equipped with skin markers, inertial measurement units, and a pressure mat beneath the saddle. Differences in saddle pressure distribution, as well as limb and thoracolumbosacral kinematics between saddle widths were investigated using a general linear model with Bonferroni adjusted alpha (p ≤ 0.05). Compared with the correct saddle width, in trot, in the wide saddle, an 8.5% increase in peak pressures was found in the cranial region of the saddle (p = 0.003), a 14% reduction in thoracolumbar dimensions at T13 (p = 0.02), and a 6% decrease in the T13 range of motion in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.02). In the narrow saddle, a 14% increase in peak pressures was found in the caudal region of the saddle (p = 0.01), an 8% decrease in the range of motion of T13 in the mediolateral direction (p = 0.004), and a 6% decrease in the vertical direction (p = 0.004) of T13. Compared with the correct saddle width, in canter, in the wide saddle, axial rotation decreased by 1% at T5 (p = 0.03) with an 5% increase at T13 (p = 0.04) and a 5% increase at L3 (p = 0.03). Peak pressures increased by 4% (p = 0.002) in the cranial region of the wide saddle. Altering the saddle fit had an effect on thoracolumbar kinematics and saddle pressure distribution; hence, correct saddle fit is essential to provide unhindered locomotion.

Evaluation of spinal posture during gait with inertial measurement units

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (10) ◽  
pp. 1094-1105
Author(s):  
Elisa Digo ◽  
Giuseppina Pierro ◽  
Stefano Pastorelli ◽  
Laura Gastaldi
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Spinal Posture ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Measurement Units

The increasing number of postural disorders emphasizes the central role of the vertebral spine during gait. Indeed, clinicians need an accurate and non-invasive method to evaluate the effectiveness of a rehabilitation program on spinal kinematics. Accordingly, the aim of this work was the use of inertial sensors for the assessment of angles among vertebral segments during gait. The spine was partitioned into five segments and correspondingly five inertial measurement units were positioned. Articulations between two adjacent spine segments were modeled with spherical joints, and the tilt–twist method was adopted to evaluate flexion–extension, lateral bending and axial rotation. In total, 18 young healthy subjects (9 males and 9 females) walked barefoot in three different conditions. The spinal posture during gait was efficiently evaluated considering the patterns of planar angles of each spine segment. Some statistically significant differences highlighted the influence of gender, speed and imposed cadence. The proposed methodology proved the usability of inertial sensors for the assessment of spinal posture and it is expected to efficiently point out trunk compensatory pattern during gait in a clinical context.

scholarly journals In Vivo Measurement of Wrist Movements during the Dart-Throwing Motion Using Inertial Measurement Units

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5623
Author(s):  
Gabriella Fischer ◽  
Michael Alexander Wirth ◽  
Simone Balocco ◽  
Maurizio Calcagni
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Mean Absolute Difference ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Throwing Motion

Background: This study investigates the dart-throwing motion (DTM) by comparing an inertial measurement unit-based system previously validated for basic motion tasks with an optoelectronic motion capture system. The DTM is interesting as wrist movement during many activities of daily living occur in this movement plane, but the complex movement is difficult to assess clinically. Methods: Ten healthy subjects were recorded while performing the DTM with their right wrist using inertial sensors and skin markers. Maximum range of motion obtained by the different systems and the mean absolute difference were calculated. Results: In the flexion–extension plane, both systems calculated a range of motion of 100° with mean absolute differences of 8°, while in the radial–ulnar deviation plane, a mean absolute difference of 17° and range of motion values of 48° for the optoelectronic system and 59° for the inertial measurement units were found. Conclusions: This study shows the challenge of comparing results of different kinematic motion capture systems for complex movements while also highlighting inertial measurement units as promising for future clinical application in dynamic and coupled wrist movements. Possible sources of error and solutions are discussed.

Workload Differences Between Training Drills and Competition in Elite Netball

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1385-1392
Author(s):  
Marni J. Simpson ◽  
David G. Jenkins ◽  
Vincent G. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Forward Direction ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Heart Rate Monitors ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Measurement Units

Purpose: To examine potential differences in internal and external workload variables between playing positions and between training drills and games within an elite netball team during training and competition. Methods: Nine elite female netballers were monitored during 15 games and all training sessions over 28 weeks. Workload variables assessed were relative PlayerLoad (PL per minute), accelerations, decelerations, jumps, changes of direction, high-intensity events, medium-intensity events, low-intensity events, PL in a forward direction, PL in a sideways direction, PL in a vertical direction, and summated heart-rate zones using heart-rate monitors and inertial measurement units. Results: Conditioning and match play during training were the only drills that matched or exceeded game workloads. Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads for all variables. In games, goalkeeper, goal attack, and goal shooter had a greater frequency of jumps compared with other positions. Midcourt positions had a greater frequency of low-intensity events in a game. Conclusions: Workloads during small-sided games were lower than game workloads across all external and internal variables; therefore, netball staff should modify these small-sided games if they wish them to develop game-based qualities. Specific game workload variables indicate that there are differences within some positional groups; coaches need to be aware that positional groupings may fail to account for differences in workload between individual playing positions.

Lateral differences of the forearm range of motion

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-506
Author(s):  
Isidro de Jesús Sánchez-Arce ◽  
Alan Walmsley ◽  
Muhammed Fahad ◽  
Emmanuel Santiago Durazo-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Distal Radius Fracture ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Radius Fracture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
The Difference

Malunion is a common complication of distal radius fracture and often causes a reduction in the range of motion. The measurement of the range of motion is a part of the process for evaluating the final motion after a malunion of a distal radius fracture is diagnosed. However, the amount of range of motion reduced due to the malunion often is calculated upon the assumption that the motion is equal in both forearms. Although this assumption has been questioned, not much work has been conducted which defines the difference in range of motion between the two forearms. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to measure the forearm range of motion using inertial measurement units. The motion was measured in both forearms of a control group. Afterwards, the motion was compared between both forearm sides; then, differences and relationships were drawn. Our results indicated that the forearm rotational motion is larger in the dominant forearm. Moreover, pronation and supination motions differ among the limbs, supination being always larger than pronation. In the dominant forearm, supination is much larger than pronation, while in the non-dominant their magnitudes are rather close. These results provide important data for a more accurate way to determine how the malunion of a fracture or another pathology affects the forearm motion.

scholarly journals Analysis of ergonomic and unergonomic human lifting behaviors by using Inertial Measurement Units

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kuschan ◽  
Henning Schmidt ◽  
Jörg Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Main Components

Abstract:This paper presents an analysis of two distinct human lifting movements regarding acceleration and angular velocity. For the first movement, the ergonomic one, the test persons produced the lifting power by squatting down, bending at the hips and knees only. Whereas performing the unergonomic one they bent forward lifting the box mainly with their backs. The measurements were taken by using a vest equipped with five Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) with 9 Dimensions of Freedom (DOF) each. In the following the IMU data captured for these two movements will be evaluated using statistics and visualized. It will also be discussed with respect to their suitability as features for further machine learning classifications. The reason for observing these movements is that occupational diseases of the musculoskeletal system lead to a reduction of the workers’ quality of life and extra costs for companies. Therefore, a vest, called CareJack, was designed to give the worker a real-time feedback about his ergonomic state while working. The CareJack is an approach to reduce the risk of spinal and back diseases. This paper will also present the idea behind it as well as its main components.

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