scholarly journals Effect of Milk Intake, Its Composition, and Fatty Acid Profile Distribution on Live Weight of Suckling Wallachian Lambs until Their Weaning

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ptáček ◽  
Michal Milerski ◽  
Luděk Stádník ◽  
Jaromír Ducháček ◽  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Trans Vaccenic Acid

This study determined effects of milk production, milk components, or fatty acids (FA) profile on live weight of suckling lambs till their weaning. Live weight (LW, kg) of 42 purebred Wallachian lambs (from 33 ewes) was recorded during four control days with approximately 30-day intervals during rearing. At the same time, their mothers were examined for milk production (kg), milk fat (g), proteins (g), lactose (g), and fatty acids (%) contents. Results investigated using linear regression analysis showed 5.93 kg (p < 0.05) increase of lambs LW corresponded with 1 kg of ewe’s daily milk production increase during the observed period. Similarly, significant 0.13 kg or 0.11 kg increases of lambs live weight corresponded with 1 g increase of milk protein or milk lactose at this time. Milk with higher prevalence of trans-palmitoleic acid, trans-vaccenic acid, cis-vaccenic acid, linolelaidic acid, linoleic acid, or conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) significantly improved lambs LW. Moreover, significantly positive Pearson partial correlation between LW and trans-vaccenic acid (r = 0.305) or CLA (r = 0.347) indicated on genetic correlation between these traits. Therefore, milk (natural or artificially supplied) with higher distribution of these specified FAs could improve lambs’ LW.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the productive-economic indicators of cows of Yaroslavl breed of different genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Kosyachenko ◽  
Marina Abramova ◽  
M. Lapina
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Fraction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Aim. The study of the influence of crossbriding on the growth and development of heifers and subsequent productive and reproductive qualities of cows on the first lactation. Methods. Using statistical methods, correlation analysis and ANOVA for evaluated genetic indicators of economic-valuable traits of dairy cattle. In particular was studied live weight of heifers from birth to 18 months, first insemination age and first fecundation age, live weight at fecundation, frequency of insemination, first calving age, days open, live weight at first lactation, milk yield for 305 days (kg), fat (%, kg) and protein (%, kg) in milk. Results. Relationship between productive indicators and the genotype of the animal is established. When assessing the strength of the influence of the factor «blood on the Holstein breed» it was found that the greatest impact can be traced at the age of 6 and 18 months, and is respectively 12.7 % and 17.1 %.The reproductive qualities of the first-calf cows decreased with the increase percent of blood in the Holstein breed. Evaluation of the impact of crossbreeding on milk production at first lactation has revealed significant strong influence on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation, and related signs the amount of milk fat and protein. According to qualitative indicators, the low influence of the Holstein blood fraction was found, while to a greater extent on the fat content than on the protein content in milk. Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic correlations of milk yield and quality components of milk revealed average negative phenotypic and low negative genotypic correlation in all groups. The exception was in heifers of Yaroslavl breed with percent of Holstein blood less than 50 %, in which the relationship of yield x protein was positive. The relationship between milk yield and fat and protein content in milk has the opposite moderate character and strength. Practical significance. Studies was established that breeding of animals of Holstein and Yaroslavl breeds in one herd allows to receive an optimum ratio of milk production with optimal percentage fat and protein. For this herd among animals of the improved genotypes of the Yaroslavl breed, the use of genotypes with a percent of blood in the Holstein breed from 75.1 % to 87.6 % is optimal, which should be taken into account when selecting bulls to the breeding program.

scholarly journals Effect of Using Different Rations in Nutrition of High-Productive Cows on Milk Quantity and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Goce Cilev ◽  
Živko Gacovski ◽  
Biljana Petrovska ◽  
Jovan Stojković
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Group I ◽  
Production Increase ◽  
High Level ◽  
Experimental Group

This paper shows the results of production and chemical compo­sition of cow’s milk on a farm MILKO-HF, Prilep, R. Macedonia with capacity of 100 cows of Holstein-Frisian breed divided into two groups (control and experimental). In control group I which was fed in a standard way of nutrition (ration used on the farm), average daily production of milk per cow ws 22.49 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.75%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, nonfat dry matter 9.56% and total dry matter 13.31%. In experimental group II which were fed with the ration according to normatives, average daily production of milk per cow is 24.04 kg with the following chemical composition of milk: average daily content of milk fat is 3.99%, protein 3.57%, lactose 4.65%, non-fat dry matter 9.58% and total dry matter 13.57%. The obtained results show the increase in milk production for 1.55 kg-6.89% and better chemical composition of milk in the experimental group of cows. Thus, dry matter was increased from 13.31% to 13.57%-1.95%, milk fat content from 3.75% to 3.99%-6.4%, nonfat dry matter from 9.56% to 9.58%-0.21%, while the content of protein and lactose stayed on equal level. It was determined that the normed nutrition has influenced on production increase and better chemical composition of milk without unnecessary spent high level of nutrient i.e. nutrition of cows according to recommended normative.

Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riazuddin Mohammed ◽  
Reza Khorasani ◽  
Laksiri Goonewardene ◽  
John Kramer ◽  
John Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Barley Silage

Mohammed, R., Khorasani, R. G., Goonewardene, L. A., Kramer, J. K. G. and Kennelly, J. J. 2011. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 147–167. A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and rumenic acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control diet, but supplemented with sunflower seed (11.2% diet DM), fish oil (0.5%) and monensin (22 mg/kg DM) by replacing an equivalent amount of barley grain. The forage: concentrate ratio was 50:50 (DM basis) with 35% barley silage and 15% alfalfa hay. Milk was sampled every fortnight from the start of lactation until cows were 270 DIM. Data obtained were averaged into three equal periods of 90 d each, representing three stages of lactation (SOL): early-lactation (EL), mid-lactation (ML) and late-lactation (LL). Dry matter intakes were not different between treatments with greater intakes observed during ML than during EL or LL. Milk yield was not different between treatments and decreased with increasing DIM. Milk fat content and yield showed interaction between treatment and SOL with lower values observed for the test diet than control diet during EL and ML. De novo synthesized fatty acids (4:0–15:0), 16:0–16:1 and preformed fatty acids (17:0 and above) showed interaction between treatment and SOL with the former two being greater for control diet than test diet and the latter greater for the test diet than control diet within each SOL. Milk t10-18:1 (% fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) was greater for the test diet compared with control diet (4.38 vs. 1.32) and was greater during ML (3.79) than during EL (2.38) or LL (2.38). Milk VA and RA showed interactions between treatment and SOL with greater values observed for the test diet than the control diet within each SOL. When analyzed by treatment, milk VA was not different across SOL for both diets. Milk RA was not different across SOL for the test diet, but was different for the control diet; it was lower during EL than during ML. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that the variability in milk RA for the control diet (P<0.01; R2=0.97) was determined by VA (70%) and RA/VA (27%); and for the test diet (P<0.01; R2=0.987) by VA (88.7%), RA/VA (5%) and t10-18:1 (3.8%). Desaturase index based on RA/VA showed an interaction between treatment and SOL; it was greater for the control diet than the test diet within each SOL. Overall findings revealed that the differences in milk t10- and VA across SOL reflected possible differences in starch and PUFA intakes, respectively. Differences in milk RA across SOL for the control diet could be attributed to possible differences in mammary desaturase activity based on differences in RA/VA.

scholarly journals The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
Luis J. Royo ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Chocarro ◽  
Fernando Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Zero Grazing

The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.

The effect of different levels of nutrition at two stages of the lactation on milk production and live-weight change in Friesian cows and heifers

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Strickland ◽  
W. H. Broster
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Regular Increase ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Friesian Cows

SUMMARYOver the 4 years 1965–8, a total of 105 mature Friesian cows and 84 Friesian heifers were fed various levels of nutrition at two stages of the lactation to study the effect on milk production. The experiments were carried out over a whole lactation at four Experimental Husbandry Farms, Boxworth, Bridget's, Great House and Trawsgoed. There were three treatment levels in early lactation (weeks 3–10) comprising 5·9, 7·8 or 9·8 kg D.M./day of concentrates for mature cows and 1·6 kg D.M./day less at each level for the heifers. In mid-lactation (weeks 12–18) the two lower levels of concentrates were fed arranged factorially with early-lactation levels. A basal forage ration usually of hay was fed to provide 85% of the basal maintenance requirements. During the remainder of the lactation all animals received the same level of nutrition. In addition to the pre-determined feed treatments, one further group of animals in each block was fed according to the milk production in the preceding week.Overall an increase in level of nutrition in early lactation produced a regular increase in milk production from successive increments with adult cows but only for the first increment with heifers. Raising feed level in mid-lactation increased milk production for all animals. There were considerable residual effects from early-lactation feeding but these were less with mid-lactation feeding. These same effects were also noted with yields of solids-not-fat and to a less extent in milk fat production.The experimental results indicated not only the mean effects of treatments but more important the interaction with individual animals. Study of the response of individual animals indicated that the effects of level of feeding varied in proportion to the potential of the cow. The presentation of mean results can therefore be misleading. The potential of a cow was indicated by milk production in the immediate post-calving period. This period could be used both in experimental designs for selecting animals in the allocation to experimental treatments and also in the practical context for rationing individuals or groups of cattle.The absolute plane of nutrition related to the potential of the animal was the most important factor in determining the efficiency of utilization of feed for milk production.

Influence of plane of nutrition and diet composition on rumen fermentation and energy utilization by dairy cows

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
W. H. Broster ◽  
E. Schuller ◽  
D. J. Napper ◽  
Valerie J. Broster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

SummaryMean digestible energy (DE) intakes of 147 cows of three parities receiving three levels of DE including one ad libitum (about 2·2, 2·6 and 3·3 multiples of maintenance (MM)) drawn from three mixed diets containing hay and 60, 75 or 90% compound were calculated.Rumen samples were taken from three-quarters of the cows at monthly intervals throughout the experiment. Molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen were not affected by stage of lactation over the 36 weeks of the experiment. The proportion of acetic acid decreased and that of propionic acid increased with greater intakes and with higher proportions of compound in the diet. The proportion of n-butyric acid was little affected by level of intake but decreased with increasing proportions of compound. In young, non-lactating cattle given the same diets but at lower levels of intake, VFA proportions were unaffected by diet composition at intakes of about 0·7 MM but at intakes of about 1·3 MM the proportion of acetate decreased and that of propionate increased when the proportion of compound was increased from 75 to 90%.The efficiency of milk energy production in relation to DE or metabolizable energy (ME) above maintenance decreased with increasing level of intake but was little affected by the proportion of compound. Partition towards live weight increased with level of intake in early lactation but not in late lactation. It also increased with higher proportions of compound in mid and late lactation but not in early lactation.Estimates of the ME requirement for live-weight change (LWC) were in reasonable agreement with recently published standards in early lactation when live weight was decreasing, but later in lactation when live-weight gain was occurring, a much higher value was calculated which is difficult to reconcile with these standards.Rumen VFA proportions were related to dietary fibre concentration and level of intake additively. The relationship to VFA proportions was close for milk fat concentration, but less so for energy partition towards live weight and none was apparent for the efficiency of ME utilization for milk energy production. It is suggested that both the reduction in milk fat concentration and the increase in milk yield in response to reductions in the fibre content of diets may be independently related to the increase in the proportion of propionate in the rumen VFA.It is concluded that further progress in studies of the dietary factors affecting the efficiency of milk production will require measurements of nutrient uptake from the digestive tract and description of milk production and LWC in terms of their chemical composition rather than energy alone.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in the fatty acid profile of milk from yaks grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luming Ding ◽  
Yupeng Wang ◽  
Michael Kreuzer ◽  
Xusheng Guo ◽  
Jiandui Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Yak Milk ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tibetan Herders

An experiment was conducted to study the seasonal changes in the fatty acid profile of milk from yaks (Bos grunniens) when kept at altitudes of 3000 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and higher. Data and samples were collected in summer (July), autumn (September), winter (November) and spring (March) from ten lactating yaks (four in spring). The yaks grazed pastures adjacent to the farm building throughout the year. In spring only they received 0·6 kg crop by-products per day (dry matter basis). Fresh alpine grasses, available in summer and autumn, showed high concentrations of α-linolenic acid (46–51 g/100 g lipids) compared with the dry, yellow vegetation of winter and spring (16 g/100 g lipids). In autumn and summer, the milk fat had higher concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids than in winter. These polyunsaturated fatty acids were comprised of vaccenic acid, rumenic acid and α-linolenic acid, which are all considered beneficial to human health. The rare fatty acid, γ-linolenic acid, was also detected in yak milk, especially in the milk obtained in spring. The results suggest that yak milk, which is the most important basic food of the Tibetan herders, has the most favourable fatty acid profile when yaks grazed green pasture, which also corresponds to the period of highest milk production.

Effect of ewe feeding system (grass v. concentrate) on intramuscular fatty acids of lambs raised exclusively on maternal milk

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Valvo ◽  
M. Lanza ◽  
M. Bella ◽  
V. Fasone ◽  
M. Scerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Trans Vaccenic Acid

AbstractTwenty pregnant Comisana ewes were divided into two groups of 10. One group was allowed to graze a vetch pasture (grass). The second group of animals was housed collectively in a pen and was given hay and concentrates (concentrate). After lambing, all the ewes were allowed to stay with the respective lambs between 18:00 h and 07:00 h of the following day in two different pens. Therefore all the lambs were raised exclusively on maternal milk. The lambs were slaughtered at 38 days of age. Milk and lamb meat (longissimus dorsi muscle) fatty acids were analysed. Ewes on grass produced milk with a lower (P < 0·001) proportion of saturated fatty acids and with a higher proportion of both monounsaturated (P < 0·05) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (P < 0·01) than ewes given concentrates. Trans-vaccenic acid was significantly higher (P < 0·001) in milk from grass-fed animals compared with ewes given concentrates. Linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6) tended to be higher (P = 0·06) in milk from ewes on concentrates while linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3) was significantly higher (P < 0·001) in milk from animals grazing pasture. Conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 C18: 2) was almost double in milk from grass-fed ewes compared with animals given concentrates (P < 0·001). Regarding lamb tissue, trans-vaccenic acid (C18: 1 trans-11) was higher (P = 0·01) in the fat from lambs raised by grazing ewes. Linoleic acid (C18: 2 n-6) was at higher concentration (P < 0·001) in the fat from lambs raised by ewes given concentrates. Linolenic acid (C18: 3 n-3) was increased three-fold (P < 0·001) in the fat of lambs from the grass group compared with lambs suckled by ewes given concentrates. The isomer cis-9, trans-11 of conjugated linoleic acid was present at double concentration (P < 0·001) in the fat from animals raised by grazing ewes. Eicosapentaenoic (C20: 5 n-3; EPA) and docosaesaenoic (C22: 6 n-3; DHA) acids were higher (respectively P < 0·001 and P = 0·01) in the intramuscular fat from lambs from the grass group compared with animals from the concentrate group. The n-6/n-3 ratio was lower (P < 0·001) in the meat from lambs raised by grazing ewes. Overall this trial showed that ewe feeding system strongly affects intramuscular fatty acids even in lambs raised exclusively on maternal milk.

Obtaining a hydrolyzed milk fat fraction enriched in conjugated linoleic acid and trans-vaccenic acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio I. Martínez-Monteagudo ◽  
Mohamed Khan ◽  
Feral Temelli ◽  
Marleny D.A. Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Fat Fraction ◽  
Trans Vaccenic Acid
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