scholarly journals Reply to Crawford et al.: Why Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) Is an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat Management

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf ◽  
Rand ◽  
Swarbrick ◽  
Spehar ◽  
Norris
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Apparent Effect ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat

The recently published article, ‘A Case of Letting the Cat out of the Bag—Why Trap-Neuter-Return Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat (Felis catus) Management,’ by Crawford et al. warrants rebuttal. The case presented in the paper, opposing the initiation of TNR trials in Australia, ignores peer-reviewed evidence which substantiates the effectiveness of TNR at reducing unowned urban cat numbers. In addition, the paper’s authors offer a number of unrealistic recommendations, which are little more than a rebranding of the failed status quo. Urban stray cats have long been considered a problem across Australia. Current practice calls for the trapping and killing of thousands of healthy urban stray cats and kittens each year with no apparent effect on the total population. In contrast, the literature offers numerous examples, including two recent studies in Australia, of reductions in urban stray cat numbers where TNR has been implemented. TNR has also been associated with reduced feline intake and euthanasia at shelters, which improves both animal welfare and the well-being of shelter staff. A large-scale trial of TNR in an urban Australian context is scientifically justified and long overdue.

scholarly journals Subsidised by junk foods: factors influencing body condition in stray cats (Felis catus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Crawford ◽  
M C Calver ◽  
P A Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Public Nuisance ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stray Cat

Abstract Domestic cats (Felis catus) are one of the most widely distributed and successful carnivores globally. While cats are popular pets, many unowned, ‘stray’ cats live freely in anthropogenic environments at high densities where they make use of anthropogenic resources. These stray cats present a management challenge due to concerns about wildlife predation, pathogen transmission, public nuisance and threats to cat welfare (e.g. vehicle collisions). In Australia, there are few studies of strays compared with pet cats or feral cats (free-roaming cats in rural areas that are independent of resources provided by humans). To contribute original data about stray cat biology, the carcasses of 188 euthanised stray cats were collected from Perth, Western Australia. Cats were assessed for general health, age, reproduction, diet and gastrointestinal parasite biomass. The influence of cat demographics, collection location, season, parasite biomass, diet and history of supplemental feeding by people were tested against body condition. Overall, strays were physically healthy and reproductive, with few life-threatening injuries or macroscopic evidence of disease; however, helminths were extremely common (95% of cats) and pose a threat. Nearly 40% of strays consumed wildlife, including two species of endemic marsupial. Alarmingly, 57.5% of strays were scavenging vast amounts of refuse, including life-threatening items in volumes that blocked their gastrointestinal tracts. These findings illustrate that strays need to be removed from anthropogenic environments for their own health and welfare and to prevent continued breeding. Targeted control programmes should prioritise removal of cats from areas where refuse is common and where valued native fauna exist.

Radio-Tracking Survey of Stray Cat Home Range in a Suburban Area: Non-Exclusive Use of Home Ranges in Stray Cats (Felis catus)

Mammal Study ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-U Kim ◽  
Jong-Hoon Jeon ◽  
Jong Koo Lee ◽  
Woo-Shin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Radio Tracking ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat

scholarly journals Reply to Wolf et al.: Why Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) Is Not an Ethical Solution for Stray Cat Management

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1525
Author(s):  
John L. Read ◽  
Chris R. Dickman ◽  
Wayne S. J. Boardman ◽  
Christopher A. Lepczyk
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
City Council ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Policy Advocacy ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat

We critique the recent article by Wolf et al. (2019) that claims scientific merit for reducing the number of stray cats in Australia through Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) programs, and then we provide an inventory of biological, welfare, and economic reasons why TNR is less successful than adoption and euthanasia for managing unowned cats. Like Crawford et al. (2019) and multiple other comprehensive and unbiased Australian and international scientific reviews, we refute the idea that returning neutered unowned cats to stray populations has any valid role in responsible, ethical, affordable, and effective cat management, or in wildlife conservation. The main purported objective of TNR proponents along with animal welfare, human health, and wildlife advocacy stakeholders is to reduce the number of unhomed cats. We contend that cessation of provisioning unowned cats with food is the most effective approach to achieve this objective. We also present evidence from the Brisbane City Council that informed cat management policy, advocacy, and laws, backed up by responsible rehoming or prompt ethical euthanasia, are together effective at reducing the stray cat problem.

The use of point-of-view cameras (Kittycams) to quantify predation by colony cats (Felis catus) on wildlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia M. Hernandez ◽  
Kerrie Anne T. Loyd ◽  
Alexandra N. Newton ◽  
Benjamin L. Carswell ◽  
Kyler J. Abernathy
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hunting Activity ◽  
Hunting Behaviour ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Island Habitat ◽  
Stray Cat ◽  
Hunting Efficiency

Context Domestic cats (Felis catus) are efficient and abundant non-native predators, recently labelled as primary contributors to global biodiversity loss. Aims Specific research goals included determining the proportion of hunters, estimating hunting efficiency, identifying primary prey and examining predictors of kill rate and efficacy. Methods We investigated hunting of wildlife by stray cats living in managed outdoor colonies on a barrier island in the southeastern USA, and monitored 29 stray cats seasonally in 2014 and 2015 using Kittycam video cameras. Key results In total, 24 cats exhibited hunting behaviour and 18 captured prey. The estimated average daily predation rate from these successful hunters was 6.15 kills per 24-h period. Hunting effectiveness (percentage of capture attempts that translate to a kill) was an average of 44%. The most common type of prey captured was invertebrate (primarily Orthopteran and Hemipteran insects), followed by amphibians and reptiles. Eighty-three percent of kills occurred between dusk and dawn. Conclusions Colony location (near undeveloped island habitat) was related to higher kill rates. Cat sex and nocturnal hunting activity were related to greater hunting efficiency. Implications These results address the significant gap in knowledge about stray cat hunting activities, and raise conservation concerns for some groups of organisms (reptiles and amphibians) that have not been widely identified as vulnerable to cat predation.

Questionable Progress in the Application of the Three Rs to Improve Science, Human Well-being and Animal Welfare

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-57
Author(s):  
Michael Balls ◽  
Robert D. Combes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Three Rs ◽  
Very High

While the standard of animal experimentation in the UK is generally very high, the aim of the Home Office appears to be to maintain the status quo, rather than to achieve significant Replacement and Reduction, and ensure Refinement

Ethik der Mensch-Tier-Beziehung

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Claim ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
Moral Theories ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Broad Consensus

Even though there is now a broad consensus that animal welfare must be taken into account, in practice animals continue to be used on a large scale for human interests, exposing millions of them to severe suffering. This book elaborates the inconsistency between moral claim and practice as well as the controversy between different moral standpoints and shows how moral theories relate to concrete beliefs. It undertakes a critical survey of the most important philosophical moral theories and develops the proposal of a fundamental conception of respect for the well-being of all sentient beings.

scholarly journals DERAJAT KESEHATAN KUCING LIAR (Felis catus) MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN FUNGSI LIVER (SGPT DAN SGOT) DI PASAR KECAMATAN TEGALSARI KOTA SURABAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Era Hari Mudji ◽  
Lailia Dwi Kusuma Wardhani ◽  
Roeswandono Roeswandono ◽  
Nicodemos Borges Lonai
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Stray Cat

The present research aims to know Stray cat health status in the Tegalsari sub-district market in Surabaya. This type of research is a descriptive study, experimental animals used were 30 stray cats on the market. Through examination of the liver function SGOT and SGPT. Blood serum Collection  of Stray cat in three markets in central of  Surabaya city, specifically in Tegalsari sub-district, namely the pasar kembang, pasar keputran selatan and pasar keputran utara, each market can take blood serum in 10 cats (Stray cat) as much as 3ml to test the value SGPT and SGOT, Data analysis using Analysis of Variant (ANOVA) the average value SGOT of Stray cat in pasar kembang 43.8+12.9 µ/l, pasar keputran selatan 79.0+ 50.3 µ/l and the pasar keputran utara 47.7+12.3 µ/l and average SGPT value on the Stray cat in the pasar kembang 98.0+48.7 µ/l, pasar keputran selatan 119.9+83.6 µ/l and pasar keputran utara 103,9+40.6 µ/l, especially the SGOT value can be significantly different (P<0.05) while the SGPT value is not significantly different (P>0.05). The value of SGOT and SGPT in pasar keputran selatan is higher compared to the pasar keputran utara and the pasar kembang.

Immigrant Youth in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Frankenberg ◽  
Katharina Kupper ◽  
Ruth Wagner ◽  
Stephan Bongard
Keyword(s):  
School System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ethnic Discrimination ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
Sociocultural Adaptation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
German School ◽  
Transcultural Adaptation

This paper reviews research on young migrants in Germany. Particular attention is given to the question of how Germany’s history of migration, immigration policies, and public attitude toward migrants influence the transcultural adaptation of children and adolescents from different ethnic backgrounds. We combine past research with the results of new empirical studies in order to shed light on migrants’ psychological and sociocultural adaptation. Studies comparing young migrants and their German peers in terms of psychological well-being, life satisfaction, and mental health outcome suggest higher rates of emotional and behavioral problems among migrants of most age groups. With regard to adolescent populations between the ages of 14 and 17 years, however, the existence of differences between migrants and natives appears to be less clear. Research has also yielded inconsistent findings regarding the time trajectory of transcultural adaptation among adolescents. The coincidence of acculturation and age-related change is discussed as a possible source of these inconsistencies. Further, we provide an overview of risk and protective factors such as conflicting role expectations and ethnic discrimination, which may cause heightened vulnerability to adverse adaptation outcomes in some groups. Large-scale studies have repeatedly shown migrants of all age groups to be less successful within the German school system, indicating poor sociocultural adaptation. Possible explanations, such as the idiosyncrasies of the German school system, are presented. Our own studies contribute to the understanding of young migrants’ adaptation process by showing that it is their orientation to German culture, rather than the acculturation strategy of integration, that leads to the most positive psychological and sociocultural outcomes. The paper concludes by discussing implications for future cross-cultural research on young migrants and by suggesting recommendations for multicultural policies.

Psychosocial Consequences of Body Weight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
pp. 274-286
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrative Health ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Adults And Children

The body weight of U.S. adults and children has risen markedly over the past three decades. The physical health consequences of obesity are widely documented, and emerging research from the Midlife in the United States study and other large-scale surveys reveals the harmful impact of obesity on adults’ psychosocial and interpersonal well-being. This chapter synthesizes recent research on the psychosocial implications of body weight, with attention to explanatory mechanisms and subgroup differences in these patterns. A brief statistical portrait of body weight is provided, documenting rates and correlates of obesity, with a focus on race, gender, and socioeconomic status disparities. The consequences of body weight for three main outcomes are described: institutional and everyday discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and psychological well-being. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the ways that recent integrative health research on the psychosocial consequences of overweight and obesity inform our understanding of population health.

scholarly journals Leisure Time Sports Activities and Life Satisfaction: Deeper Insights Based on a Representative Survey from Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Anne K. Reimers ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Leisure Satisfaction ◽  
General Life Satisfaction ◽  
Sports Activities

Abstract Observational and experimental studies show that leisure time sporting activity (LTSA) is associated with higher well-being. However, scholars often seem to assume that 1) LTSA fosters “general” life satisfaction, thereby ignoring effects on domain satisfaction; 2) the effect of LTSA on well-being is linear and independent of a person’s general activity level; 3) the amount of LTSA is more important than the repertoire of LTSA, i.e. the number of different activities; 4) all kinds of LTSA are equal in their effects, irrespective of spatial and organisational context conditions. Using data from the German SALLSA-Study (“Sport, Active Lifestyle and Life Satisfaction”), a large-scale CAWI-Survey (N = 1008) representing the population ≥ 14 years, the paper takes a closer look on these assumptions. Findings demonstrate that LTSA is associated with general life satisfaction and domain-specific satisfaction (concerning relationships, appearance, leisure, work and health), but that the relationship is most pronounced for leisure satisfaction. Associations of sport with life satisfaction, leisure satisfaction and subjective health are non-linear, approaching an injection point from which on additional LTSA is no longer beneficial. Moreover, findings lend support to the notion that diversity in LTSA matters, as individuals with higher variation in sports activities are more satisfied. Finally, results with regard to spatial and organizational context suggest that outdoor sports and club-organized sports have additional benefits.

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