scholarly journals Effects of Partial Replacement of Conventional with Alternative Feeds on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Composition of Awassi Ewes and Lambs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Aloueedat ◽  
Belal S. Obeidat ◽  
Mofleh S. Awawdeh
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Alternative Feeds

Two experiments were done to assess the effects of alternative feeds (AF; dried distillers grains with solubles, carob pods, olive cake, and bread by-product) on lactating performance of ewes and digestibility and nitrogen (N) retention of lambs. Diets were: no AF (CON); 200 g/kg AF (AF200); and 400 g/kg AF (AF400). In Experiment 1, 27 Awassi ewes were randomly distributed into three groups, and each was fed one of the diets described before (9 ewes/diet). Evaluation of milk composition and yield was performed at the beginning of the experiment and on days 18, 36, and 54. In Experiment 2, 18 Awassi lambs were allocated to the same diets (6 ewe lambs/diet) during a 21-day trial (14 days housed individually in shaded pens and 7 days in metabolic cages). In Experiment 1, no differences in body weight (BW) of the ewes and their lambs were detected. With the exception of neutral detergent fiber intake, which was lower in the AF-containing diets compared with CON, dry matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber intake were not affected by dietary treatment. Milk yield and composition was comparable among diets, and the cost of milk production was lower in AF compared to CON diet. In Experiment 2, nutrient digestibility and N retention were not affected by the diet. Results showed the possibility of including different AF in ewe and lamb diets to mitigate production cost without negatively affecting intake, milk yield, and composition, digestibility, and animal welfare and health.

scholarly journals The Effect of Increasing Neutral Detergent Fiber Level through Different Fiber Feed Ingredients throughout the Gestation of Sows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Baoming Shi ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Ge Su ◽  
Xiaodong Xu ◽  
Anshan Shan
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Soybean Curd Residue

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels on pregnant sows, and to select the best feed ingredients based on reproductive performance, plasma biochemistry parameters, colostrum and milk composition, and nutrient digestibility. Seventy-two multiparous sows were randomly allotted to six dietary treatment groups (n = 12). The feeding of chicory meal (CM), wheat bran (WB), corn gluten, and rice bran meal (RBM) increased the average weaning weight of piglets compared with the control (CON) group (p < 0.05). Supplementation with CG diet increased the sow BW, weight gain, and back fat thickness compared with WB and RBM on day 107 of gestation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Supplementation with CG diet resulted in lower plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) and higher total protein (TP) concentrations in plasma (p < 0.05). Feeding CM diet and soybean curd residue (SCR) diet reduced the total protein and globulin, and supplementation with CM diet significantly increased the PUN (p < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP), crude fat (EE), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were decreased following the addition of CM, WB, or SCR to the diets (p < 0.05). The ATTD of NDF and ADF were significantly increased in the CG group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the feeding of CG diet to sows have an excellent effect.

scholarly journals Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen excretion of finishing beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B N Harsh ◽  
B J Klatt ◽  
M J Volk ◽  
A R Green-Miller ◽  
J C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Abstract The objective was to quantify the effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist (β-AA) ractopamine hydrochloride (Actogain, Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ) on nitrogen excretion and nutrient digestibility in feedlot cattle. In experiment 1, twelve Simmental × Angus steers were blocked by bodyweight (531 ± 16 kg) and used in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments included: 1) a control without β-AA (CON) or 2) 400 mg/steer/d ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) for 35 d before slaughter. Diets contained (DM basis) 55% dry rolled corn, 20% corn silage, 15% modified wet distillers grains with solubles, and 10% supplement. For each block, total collection of feed, orts, feces and urine were conducted for two 5 d sampling periods during week 2 and 4 of RAC supplementation. No interaction (P &gt; 0.21) between treatment and collection period was observed for any parameter evaluated. Dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.51) on DMI, but RAC had decreased fecal DM output (P = 0.04) compared with CON. Thus, RAC had greater apparent total tract DM digestibility (77.2 vs. 73.5%; P &lt; 0.01), N digestibility (72.4 vs. 69.4%; P = 0.01), and NDF digestibility (65.6 vs. 60.2%; P &lt; 0.01) than CON. Although treatment did not affect nitrogen intake (P = 0.52), RAC tended to reduce total nitrogen excretion (113.3 vs. 126.7 g/d; P = 0.10) compared with CON due to a tendency for decreased fecal nitrogen output (53.9 vs. 61.3 g/d; P = 0.10). However, dietary treatment had no effect (P = 0.53) on urinary nitrogen output or percentage of urinary nitrogen excreted as urea (P = 0.28). Experiment 2 was an in vitro experiment conducted to validate the effects of RAC on nutrient digestibility using Simmental × Angus heifers (451 ± 50 kg). Rumen fluid was collected individually by stomach tube from CON- (n = 9) and RAC-fed (n = 10) heifers to inoculate bottles containing a CON or RAC-containing substrate in a split-plot design. No interaction between rumen fluid source and in vitro substrate was observed. Greater IVDMD (P = 0.01) was observed in rumen fluid from RAC-fed heifers compared with rumen fluid from CON-fed heifers. Inclusion of RAC in the in vitro substrate increased IVDMD (P &lt; 0.01). Overall, feeding RAC increased microbial digestion of the dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet to increase total tract dry mater digestion by 5% and reduce nitrogen excretion by 10.6% in the 35 d period prior to slaughter.

scholarly journals Endocrine control of energy metabolism in the cow: the effect on milk yield and levels of some blood constituents of injecting growth hormone and growth hormone fragments

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Bines ◽  
I. C. Hart ◽  
S. V. Morant
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Blood Constituents

1. Circulating concentrations of some hormones and metabolites and nitrogen balance were measured in lactating beef and dairy cows given daily injections of growth hormone (GH) and were compared to values before injection. Changes in milk yield and composition were recorded in these cows and in additional cows injected with GH fragments.2. GH, but not GH fragments, raised milk yield while milk composition did not change. GH injection caused a large, rapid increase in the level of the hormone in blood and slower, smaller increases in the concentrations of insulin, prolactin and thyroxine. Blood metabolite levels were unaltered except for a rise in glucose concentration in beef cows during GH injection and a fall in 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration in the same cows after the injections ceased. An increase in N output in milk was partly balanced by a reduction in urinary N so that N retention did not change significantly.3. GH caused a reduction in food intake in the beef cows.4. The results are discussed in relation to control of partition of nutrients in the lactating cow, where GH is considered to play an important role. It was concluded that this role may be in increasing the supply of energy metabolites for milk synthesis, rather than a direct effect on the activity of the mammary gland.

scholarly journals Impact of corn silage moisture at harvest on performance of growing steers with supplemental rumen undegradable protein, finishing steer performance, and nutrient digestibility by lambs1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 761-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Henry Hilscher ◽  
Dirk B Burken ◽  
Curt J Bittner ◽  
Jana L Gramkow ◽  
Robert G Bondurant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein

Abstract Three experiments evaluated delaying corn silage harvest, silage concentration, and source of supplemental protein on performance and nutrient digestibility in growing and finishing diets. Experiment 1 used 180 crossbred yearling steers (body weight [BW] = 428; SD = 39 kg) to evaluate corn silage dry matter (DM) (37% or 43%) and replacing corn with silage (15% or 45% of diet DM) in finishing diets containing 40% modified distillers grains with solubles. Experiment 2 used 60 crossbred steers (BW = 271; SD = 32 kg) to evaluate corn silage harvest DM (37% or 43%) and response to rumen undegradable protein (RUP) supplementation (0.5%, 1.4%, 2.4%, 3.3%, or 4.2% of diet DM) in silage growing diets. Experiment 3 used 9 crossbred lambs (BW = 30.1; SD = 4.1 kg) to evaluate nutrient digestibility of 37% or 43% DM corn silage in silage growing diets fed ad libitum or restricted to 1.5% of BW. In experiment 1, as corn silage concentration increased from 15% to 45%, average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Carcass-adjusted final BW and hot carcass weight (HCW) were lower (P ≤ 0.04) for steers fed 45% corn silage compared to 15% when fed for equal days. As DM of corn silage was increased from 37% to 43%, no differences (P ≥ 0.30) in dry matter intake (DMI), ADG, G:F, or HCW were observed. In experiment 2, as DM of corn silage increased from 37% to 43%, ADG and G:F decreased (P ≤ 0.04). Increasing supplemental RUP in the diet increased (P ≤ 0.05) ending BW, DMI, ADG, and G:F linearly as supplemental RUP increased from 0.5% to 4.2%. In experiment 3, there were no differences (P ≥ 0.56) in DM digestibility and organic matter digestibility between silage harvest DM and intake level. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake was reduced (P &lt; 0.01) for lambs fed the delayed harvest corn silage compared to earlier corn silage harvest. As silage harvest was delayed from 37% to 43% DM, NDF digestibility decreased (P &lt; 0.01) from 64.39% to 53.41%. Although increasing corn silage concentration in place of corn in finishing diets reduced ADG and G:F, delayed silage harvest did not affect performance of finishing cattle. Delayed silage harvest in growing cattle resulted in lower ADG and G:F, possibly due to increased starch or maturity leading to decreased NDF digestibility. The addition of RUP to silage-based, growing diets improves performance by supplying more metabolizable protein and suggests RUP of corn silage is limiting.

scholarly journals Short communication: Partial replacement of ground corn with algae meal in a dairy cow diet: Milk yield and composition, nutrient digestibility, and metabolic profile

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 8880-8884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.G. da Silva ◽  
E. Ferreira de Jesus ◽  
C.S. Takiya ◽  
T.A. Del Valle ◽  
T.H. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Ground Corn

scholarly journals Volumosos na alimentação de vacas da raça Holandês em condições experimentais no Brasil - Metanálise

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2749
Author(s):  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
Vicente Celestino Pires Silveira ◽  
Deise Aline Knob ◽  
Marcos Busanello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Voluntary Intake

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition, voluntary intake, and digestibility of the diet of Holstein cows, as well as milk yield and milk composition as a function of different roughage sources used under experimental feeding conditions in Brazil, through meta-analysis. The database of this study consisted of 109 experiments with 424 treatments of 3,903 lactating Holstein cows. The data were obtained from studies published between January 2000 and December 2015, and were evaluated by variance analysis. Lactating dairy cow diets with a single source of roughage other than corn silage resulted in lower voluntary intake, milk yield, and differences in milk composition, compared to diets based on corn silage or the combination of two roughages, probably due to reduced nutrient digestibility. Diets based on corn silage are distinguished by feed efficiency, milk yield, and composition. Diets based on the combination of two roughage sources are similar with respect to milk yield and composition, compared to diets based on corn silage; whereas, diets with a single source of roughage (other than corn silage), even when containing a higher proportion of concentrate, led to reduced voluntary intake, milk yield, and food efficiency due to the lower utilization of the nutrients. Diets based on corn silage in general allow a higher proportion of roughage in the diet due to energy density.

scholarly journals White lupin bran and its effects on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and digestibility of nutrients in fattening rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Uhlířová ◽  
Zdeněk Volek ◽  
Milan Marounek
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

<p>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of including white lupin bran (WLB) in a fattening rabbit diet on growth, carcass traits and nutrient digestibility. The C diet (control) based on alfalfa meal, whereas the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets were based on white lupin bran (crude protein 152 g/kg, neutral detergent fibre 524 g/kg as-fed basis). The WLB 5 diet contained 50 g of white lupin bran/kg instead of 50 g of alfalfa meal/kg, whereas the WLB 15 diet contained 150 g of white lupin bran/kg, 5 g of soybean meal/kg and 10 g of sugar beet pulp/kg instead of 165 g of alfalfa meal/kg. The diets had similar digestible protein/digestible energy ratios. A total of 150 Hyplus rabbits between the ages of 30 to 73 d were randomly allocated into one of 3 groups and fed one of the 3 experimental diets. Additionally, another 30 Hyplus rabbits (10 per dietary treatment) at the age of 30 d were selected to determine coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of diets between 63 and 67 d of age. The dietary treatments did not affect the final live weight of rabbits (mean=2969 g). There was a higher feed intake (+30 g/d; P&lt;0.001) in both groups of rabbits fed the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets compared to rabbits fed the C diet, which led to impaired feed conversion ratios (P&lt;0.001). Sanitary risk index was not affected by dietary treatment. The rabbits fed the WLB 15 diet exhibited a higher drip loss percentage (+0.65%; P&lt;0.001) than the rabbits fed the other diets, as well as a lower dressing-out percentage (by 1.6%; P=0.024). The CTTAD of the lignocellulose fraction (acid detergent fibre) was significantly higher in rabbits fed the WLB 5 and WLB 15 diets than in those fed the C diet. White lupin bran may be used as a dietary fibrous by-product without significant impairment of the nutritive value of the diet. This lupin by-product can be included in diets for fattening rabbits up to 15% as a partial replacement of alfalfa meal.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of paddy-straw based Total Mixed Ration (TMR) on milk yield, milk composition and rumen parameters in lactating Red Chittagong cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
D Yeasmin ◽  
F Tabassum ◽  
MA Habib
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Feeding Groups ◽  
Better Than

This study was carried out for a period of 70 days to investigate the comparative advantages of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) over conventional feeding in Red Chittagong cows (RCC). 15 RCC milking cows were divided into 3 treatment groups in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Existing feeding was denoted as control group (T0). TMR made with 60% roughage and 40% concentrate in the forms of block (T1) and mash (T2) were provided to other treatment groups. DM and CP intake was significantly (p<0.001) higher in T1 group. Body weight gains were not differed significantly, but better milk yield (p<0.001) and milk components were observed in TMR feeding groups. Except ADF, other nutrient digestibility in TMR group were significantly (p<0.05) better than T0. Total volatile fatty acids (p<0.01) and ammonia-nitrogen (p<0.05) in TMR feeding groups were significantly higher than T0. Considering overall observation, TMR either in block or mash performed better than control. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 69-81, 2018

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