scholarly journals Comparative Grain Yield, Straw Yield, Chemical Composition, Carbohydrate and Protein Fractions, In Vitro Digestibility and Rumen Degradability of Four Common Vetch Varieties Grown on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang ◽  
Zhou ◽  
Nan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Straw Quality

Four varieties of common vetch, including three improved varieties (Lanjian No. 1, Lanjian No. 2, and Lanjian No. 3) and one local variety (333A), were evaluated for varietal variations in grain yield, straw yield and straw quality attributes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Crops were harvested at pod maturity to determine grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, and potential utility index (PUI). Straw quality was determined by measuring chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein fractions, in vitro gas production and in situ ruminal degradability. Results showed a significant effect (p < 0.01) of variety on the grain yield [875.2–1255 kg dry matter (DM)/ha], straw yield (3154–5556 kg DM/ha), harvest index (15.6–28.7%) and PUI (53.3–63.2%). Variety also had a significant effect on chemical composition, carbohydrate and protein fractions (p < 0.05) except non-structural carbohydrates and rapidly degradable sugars. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed among the varieties in potential gas production [188–234 mL/g DM], in vitro organic matter (OM) digestibility (43.7–54.2% of OM), and metabolizable energy (6.40–7.92 MJ/kg DM) of straw. Significant differences (p < 0.001) were also observed among the varieties in rapidly degradable DM fraction and effective DM degradability of straw; however, no difference was observed in other DM degradation parameters and neutral detergent fiber degradation parameters. In conclusion, based on straw yield and quality, Lanjian No. 1 has the greatest potential among the tested varieties as a crop for supplementing ruminant diets for smallholder farmers on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau.

scholarly journals Comparative Grain Chemical Composition, Ruminal Degradation In Vivo, and Intestinal Digestibility In Vitro of Vicia Sativa L. Varieties Grown on the Tibetan Plateau

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Huang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Zhixin Zhang ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Four varieties of common vetch, three improved varieties and one local variety, were evaluated for grain chemical composition, rumen protein degradability, and intestinal protein digestibility over two cropping years on the Tibetan Plateau. This study also examined correlations of grain chemical composition with rumen degradability parameters of grain protein and with intestinal digestibility of grain protein. Results of this study showed that grain quality attributes varied (p < 0.05) among varieties and cropping years. Significant intra-species variation was observed for concentrations (g/kg dry matter) of crude protein (CP; range = 347–374), ether extract (range = 15.8–19.6), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF; range = 201–237), acid detergent fiber (range = 58.2–71.6), ash (range = 27.6–31.0), effective CP degradability (EDCP; range = 732–801 g/kg CP), and intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP; range = 136–208 g/kg CP). The relationship between grain chemical composition and IADP was best described by the linear regression equation IADP = –0.828CP + 8.80ash + 0.635aNDF + 70.2 (R2 = 0.891), indicating that chemical analysis offers a quick and reliable method for IADP of common vetch grain. In terms of EDCP and IADP of grain, common vetch varieties, Lanjian No.2 and Lanjian No. 3, have the greatest potential among varieties tested for supplementing ruminant diets when grown on the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals PSII-5 Chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility, gas production and methane emission of maintenance, growth and production diets/rations of buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 408-408
Author(s):  
Uchenna Anele ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
B P Kushwaha ◽  
P K Gupta ◽  
S Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

Abstract Ten types of diets were prepared to meet the nutrient requirements of buffaloes for maintenance (MD1 to MD10), growth (GD1 to GD10) and production/lactation (PD1 to PD10). A total of 30 diets were evaluated for chemical composition, in vitro gas and methane production, and dry matter (DM) disappearance using buffalo rumen liquor. The CNCPS was used to estimate the carbohydrate and protein fractions. Protein fractions PB1 and PB2 of maintenance diets were lower (P &lt; 0.05) than growth and production diets, while protein fractions (PB3) and Pc were (P &lt; 0.05) higher in maintenance than in growth and production diets. Mean values of PA was (P &lt; 0.05) higher in growth diets (136.9) than production (114.8) and maintenance diets (105.6 g/kg DM). Maintenance diets had (P &lt; 0.05) higher structural carbohydrate contents (586.2 g/kg DM) than production diets (513.0 g/kg DM). Carbohydrate fraction (CB1) was highest (P &lt; 0.05) in production diets (187.2 g/kg DM) followed by growth (129.5 g/kg DM) and maintenance diets (96.1 g/kg DM). In vitro gas production at different time periods (12, 24 and 48 h) was similar for maintenance (63.04, 51.98 and 48.15 ml/g DM), growth (63.83, 52.73 and 48.250) and production diets (63.51, 52.54 and 47.21 ml/g DM). Cumulative methane production was numerically lower for maintenance (28.40 ml/g DM) than growth (29.58 ml/g DM) and production diets (33.13 ml/g DM). In vitro methane production as a proportion of degraded DM (ml/g DDM and g/kg DDM) was similar for maintenance (14.21 and 29.53), growth (42.19 and 30.25) and production diets (41.26 and 29.58). Dietary chemical constituents such as EE, lignin, NDIN, ADIN and PB3 and Cc were (P &lt; 0.05) negatively associated with methane production, while OM, NPN, SP, PA and PB1, TCHO and CB2 were positively (P &lt; 0.05) correlated with methane production.

scholarly journals Effects of Applying Lactic Acid Bacteria and Molasses on the Fermentation Quality, Protein Fractions and In Vitro Digestibility of Baled Alfalfa Silage

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Yixiao Xie ◽  
Jinze Bao ◽  
Wenqi Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Sun ◽  
Run Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

Alfalfa sometimes cannot be harvested in time due to the rainy season. To improve the fermentation quality, protein quality and digestibility of alfalfa silage harvested late, Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and molasses were applied in an actual production process in this study. Alfalfa harvested at the full bloom stage was ensiled with (1) distilled water (control), (2) 1 × 106 colony-forming units LP/g fresh matter, (3) 15 g molasses/kg fresh matter (M) or (4) LP + M (LPM) for 55 days. Alfalfa ensiled with LP and/or molasses showed significantly lower pH and ammonia nitrogen contents than the control silage (p < 0.05). All additive treatments decreased nonprotein nitrogen contents and preserved more true protein (p < 0.05). However, molasses increased the acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content in the protein fractions (p < 0.05). The LP significantly improved the maximal cumulative gas production and the maximum gas production rate (p < 0.05) in the in vitro trial. Finally, both LP and molasses improved the neutral detergent fiber digestibility of the alfalfa silage (p < 0.05). The LP and molasses improved fermentation quality and digestibility and preserved more true protein in baled alfalfa silage harvested late in an actual production process. The LP utilized the excessive molasses and partially ameliorated its negative effects of causing higher acid detergent insoluble nitrogen content.

Preliminary Studies on Spent Tea Leaf: In vitro Gas Production as Affected by Chemical Composition and Secondary Metabolites

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.J. Babayemi . ◽  
R.A. Hamzat . ◽  
M.A. Bamikole . ◽  
N.F. Anurudu . ◽  
O.O.Olomola .
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Tea Leaf

scholarly journals Black oat grown with common vetch improves the chemical composition and degradability rate of forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e49951
Author(s):  
Fabiellen Cristina Pereira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Machado Filho ◽  
Daniele Cristina da Silva Kazama ◽  
Roberto Guimarães Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
R Package ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biting Rate

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivating a combination of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) on the chemical composition of forage and the grazing behavior of heifers. To accomplish this, two paddocks 2500m2 each from a Voisin Rational Grazing management system were divided into three blocks each and then into thirds (278m²) characterizing a randomized block design. Three different forage compositions were distributed into these thirds: oats grown alone, vetch grown alone, and oats grown with vetch. Forage samples were collected after 65 days through the square method. Right after collection, three groups of four heifers each grazed the plots for two hours in a 3x3 double Latin Square design for behavioral observation, grazing simulation through the hand-plucking method, and biting rate determination. Forage samples collected either by hand-plucking or the square method, were analyzed for chemical composition and “in vitro” degradability.  Statistical analyses were performed using the R package lme4. Data were evaluated with linear mixed-effects models. The inclusion of common vetch significantly increased forage production and oat protein content, but decreased the fiber content, which promoted better “in vitro” degradability. Grazing frequency was higher in pasture where oats were grown with vetch, but the biting rate was similar in all the three forage compositions evaluated. Forage collected by the square method did not differ from forage consumed by the heifers, probably meaning low herbage selectivity by heifers.  Furthermore, no interaction of investigated variables occurred between forage compositions and the method of collection. The inclusion of common vetch with black oats increased forage chemical composition, “in vitro” degradability, and forage production, thus having positive effects on the time cows spent grazing.

Varietal performance of transplant aman rice under different hill densities

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAT Sohel ◽  
MAB Siddique ◽  
M Asaduzzaman ◽  
MN Alam ◽  
MM Karim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Biological Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from July to December 2004 to evaluate the effect of hill spacing on the performance of BRRI dhan40 and BRRI dhan41 as Transplant aman crop. The experiment consisted of five hill spacings viz., 5cm. 10cm, 15 cm, and 25 cm where row to row spacing of 25 cm was kept constant for all treatments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. The 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the tallest plant, highest total number of tillers/hill, bearing tillers/hill lowest number of non-hearing tillers/hill, grain yield and harvest index, while 25 cm x 5 cm hill spacing produced the highest number of sterile spikelets/panicle, straw yield and biological yield. BRRI dhan41 produced higher grain yield (4.7 t/ha) which was the contribution of higher number of grains/panicle and heavier grain weight. Lower yield (4.51 t/ha) was recorded in BRRI dhan40.Key Words: Varietal performance; T. aman rice; hill density.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5750Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 33-39, March 2009

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