scholarly journals Leonardo da Vinci’s Animal Anatomy: Bear and Horse Drawings Revisited

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Matilde Lombardero ◽  
María del Mar Yllera
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Renaissance Man ◽  
Animal Anatomy ◽  
The Ideal

Leonardo da Vinci was one of the most influencing personalities of his time, the perfect representation of the ideal Renaissance man, an expert painter, engineer and anatomist. Regarding Leonardo’s anatomical drawings, apart from human anatomy, he also depicted some animal species. This comparative study focused only on two species: Bears and horses. He produced some anatomical drawings to illustrate the dissection of “a bear’s foot” (Royal Collection Trust), previously described as “the left leg and foot of a bear”, but considering some anatomical details, we concluded that they depict the bear’s right pelvic limb. This misconception was due to the assumption that the bear’s digit I (1st toe) was the largest one, as in humans. We also analyzed a rough sketch (not previously reported), on the same page, and we concluded that it depicts the left antebrachium (forearm) and manus (hand) of a dog/wolf. Regarding Leonardo’s drawing representing the horse anatomy “The viscera of a horse”, the blood vessel arrangement and other anatomical structures are not consistent with the structure of the horse, but are more in accordance with the anatomy of a dog. In addition, other drawings comparing the anatomy of human leg muscles to that of horse pelvic limbs were also discussed in motion.

Noticing in neurology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
A J Lees
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Medical Technology ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
The Brain ◽  
The Ideal

There are three classes of people: those who see, those who see when they are shown, those who do not seeLeonardo da VinciThe three cardinal qualities necessary for the ideal neurologist are observation, the ability to reason backwards inferentially and specialist knowledge. Modern medical technology has greatly increased the ability to diagnose and treat disease but it has also encouraged a benign variant of abulia, which is killing off the art and science of clinical reasoning. Intent gazing at the unfamiliar with old eyes or a long look at the familiar with new eyes offers the neurologist an opportunity to discover hitherto unnoticed diagnostic signs far beyond the resolution of the brain scanner and even the light microscope. While there may be nothing new under the sun, there are plenty of old things that no one has observed, which have the potential to greatly improve clinical practice.

Leonardo da Vinci on the Brain and Eye

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Deep Interest

Leonardo Da Vinci had a deep interest in the structure and function of the body. His drawings are the oldest surviving naturalistic depictions of human anatomy. This article examines seven of his drawings of the nervous system. In the earlier ones, he is almost totally bound by medieval tradition. Later, his drawings become more closely tied to his own dissections, and he invents new ways of representing the results of anatomical investigation. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:347–354, 1997

scholarly journals Leonardo da Vinci and medicine. A glimpse from the past

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Leonid I. Dvoretsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
The Past ◽  
Creative Role

The article is devoted to the creative role of Leonardo da Vinci in human anatomy, medicine and pathology. It discusses main discoveries of Leonardo in various fields of medicine from the standpoint of modern scientific and practical medicine. The nature of Leonardo's illness and the possible causes of his death are dis-cussed.

The Distinctive Creativity of Leonardo and Michelangelo

2019 ◽  
pp. 353-375
Author(s):  
John Onians
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Good Position ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Present Experience

The artistic creativity of Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo can be studied from a neuroscientific perspective. We can appreciate their innovativeness if we recognize that creativity is rare, for good evolutionary reasons. Our genetic material predisposes us to imitate our elders and betters because it is safer that way. This is why norms are so prevalent. This is also why innovation is rare, and why it is often found in the work of individuals who, for some reason, are outside the norm. Such people will possess neural resources that are exceptional, and none will be more important for artists than their default mode networks (DMN), which are vital because of their integration of past memories, present experience, and future planning. The more independent and non-normative the artist, the more crucial are such resources, especially for artists such as Leonardo and Michelangelo. Their family backgrounds, family relationships, and experiences were all unlike those of other people, equipping them with highly differentiated networks, which they were in a good position to exploit because of their brains’ neuroplasticity and their training in attention which gave them their mental discipline. These two artists were also skilled in several fields which contributed to their creativity. Their conscious interdisciplinarity included insights from visual arts and music (for Leonardo), from architecture (for Michelangelo), and from the study of human anatomy for both artists.

scholarly journals The Comparison of the Baroque and Renaissance Aesthetics Paintings of “The Last Supper” by Caravaggio and Leonardo da Vinci

Panggung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Wayan Kun Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Psychic Distance ◽  
Last Supper ◽  
Line Form ◽  
Art Works ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Renaissance Man ◽  
Aesthetic Characteristics

Abstract The paintings of Caravaggio’s and Leonardo da Vinci’s “The Last Supper” are two iconic art works from two maestros in different era. Caravaggio is one of the fame Baroque’s artists and da Vinci is the most famous Renaissance man, who created the same theme of painting: The Last Supper. The theme represents the story of Christ’s supper. Through an inductive view, this comparative study analyzes the aesthetic structures of both paintings, by using Feldman’s perspective (Art as Image and Idea (1967). The analysis includes visual structures: line, form, darkness-lightness; elements of organization: unity, balance, rhythm, and proportion; and elements of perception and aesthetic: empathy and a psychic distance. The result of this research discovers two different perspectives of aesthetic characteristics of Baroque and Renaissance pantings.Key words: Baroque, Caravaggio, Leonardo da Vinci, Renaissance, The Last Supper.

Replication of Internal Biological Surfaces

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
J. A. Nowell ◽  
J. Pangborn ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Internal Surfaces ◽  
Biological Surfaces ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Lung And Kidney ◽  
Scanning Electron

Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, used injection replica techniques to study internal surfaces of the cerebral ventricles. Developments in replicating media have made it possible for modern morphologists to examine injection replicas of lung and kidney with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Deeply concave surfaces and interrelationships to tubular structures are difficult to examine with the SEM. Injection replicas convert concavities to convexities and tubes to rods, overcoming these difficulties.Batson's plastic was injected into the renal artery of a horse kidney. Latex was injected into the pulmonary artery and cementex in the trachea of a cat. Following polymerization the tissues were removed by digestion in concentrated HCl. Slices of dog kidney were aldehyde fixed by immersion. Rat lung was aldehyde fixed by perfusion via the trachea at 30 cm H2O. Pieces of tissue 10 x 10 x 2 mm were critical point dried using CO2. Selected areas of replicas and tissues were coated with silver and gold and examined with the SEM.

Leonardo Da Vinci.—II

1910 ◽  
Vol 69 (1782supp) ◽  
pp. 138-140
Author(s):  
Edward P. Buffet
Keyword(s):  
Da Vinci ◽  
Leonardo Da Vinci
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