scholarly journals Suggestions to Derive Maximum Stocking Densities for Layer Pullets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tobias Krause ◽  
Lars Schrader
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Additional Space ◽  
Key Parameter

Stocking densities for domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are regulated by the Council Directives of the European Union for both laying hens and broiler chickens. For layer pullets no regulation of stocking density has been established yet. Based on the existing Council Directives for laying hens (1999/74/EC), broiler chickens (2007/43/EC) and calculations of the floor space that is required for the respective chicken’s body, we exemplarily calculated maximum stocking densities for layer pullets. Based on the calculations we obtained absolute additional spaces for birds of different live body mass classes, i.e., useable floor space that the birds have additionally available to the space covered by their body. This allowed us to calculate the relative additional space per individual. We suggest the relative additional space to be a key parameter to derive requirements for a maximum stocking density in layer pullets. We analysed several scenarios for pullets under consideration of the Council Directives for laying hens and for broiler chickens, coming to the conclusion that layer pullets at the end of their rearing period should be provided ideally with a relative additional space of about 40–60%.

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of growth depression in broiler chickens (Gallus Gallus domesticus) mediated by immune stress: a hepatic proteome study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijuan Zheng ◽  
Anrong Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Chen ◽  
Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado ◽  
Wenhuan Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Immune Stress

Abstract Background Immunological stress decreases feed intake, suppresses growth and induces economic losses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Label-free liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) proteomics techniques were employed to investigate effects of immune stress on the hepatic proteome changes of Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus Gallus domesticus) challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results Proteomic analysis indicated that 111 proteins were differentially expressed in the liver of broiler chickens from the immune stress group. Of these, 28 proteins were down-regulated, and 83 proteins were up-regulated in the immune stress group. Enrichment analysis showed that immune stress upregulated the expression of hepatic proteins involved in defense function, amino acid catabolism, ion transport, wound healing, and hormone secretion. Furthermore, immune stress increased valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways. Conclusion The data suggests that growth depression of broiler chickens induced by immune stress is triggered by hepatic proteome alterations, and provides a new insight into the mechanism by which immune challenge impairs poultry production.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Knowledge on Staphylococcus agnetis in Poultry

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Gustaw M. Szafraniec ◽  
Piotr Szeleszczuk ◽  
Beata Dolka
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
Host Jump ◽  
Global Problems

This review aims to summarize recent discoveries and advancements regarding the characteristics of Staphylococcus agnetis (S. agnetis) and its role in poultry pathology. S. agnetis is an emerging pathogen that was primarily associated with mastitis in dairy cattle. After a presumed host jump from cattle to poultry, it was identified as a pathological agent in broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus), causing lameness induced by bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), septicemia, and valvular endocarditis. Economic and welfare losses caused by lameness are global problems in the poultry industry, and S. agnetis has been shown to have a potential to induce high incidences of lameness in broiler chickens. S. agnetis exhibits a distinct repertoire of virulence factors found in many different staphylococci. It is closely related to S. hyicus and S. chromogenes, hence infections caused by S. agnetis may be misdiagnosed or even undiagnosed. As there are very few reports on S. agnetis in poultry, many facts about its pathogenesis, epidemiology, routes of transmission, and the potential impacts on the poultry industry remain unknown.

scholarly journals Kidney Histopathology of Gallus gallus domesticus Infected by E. coli in Denpasar, Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Prederika Sari Andayani ◽  
Iriani Setyawati ◽  
Martin Joni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Cell ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus ◽  
E Coli

One of the diseases that attacks poultry especially laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) is colibacillosis, a disease caused by Escherichia coli. E. coli is a bacterium that has opportunistic properties, which is normally present in the digestive tract in a controlled amount, but when the condition of the chicken decreases, it can develop into pathogens. Kidneys are organs that are vulnerable to substances that are toxic and are also susceptible to bacterial infections. This study aimed to determine the histological structure of kidneys of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) who died due to the infection of E. coli. The research was conducted at a Pathology Laboratory (BBVet), Denpasar. The hen’s kidneys were processed with the paraffin method and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Cell damage that occurs is observed by using the Image Raster application. The data obtained were analyzed with the scoring method. Renal histopathology parameters can be seen in the form of degeneration, necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The results obtained cell damages namely 46% of degeneration, 60% of necrosis, 44% of congestion and 76% of inflammatory cell infiltration.

Effects of heat stress on the gene expression of nutrient transporters in the jejunum of broiler chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Sun ◽  
Haichao Zhang ◽  
Ardashir Sheikhahmadi ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Hongchao Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gallus Gallus ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Nutrient Transporters ◽  
Gallus Gallus Domesticus
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