scholarly journals Nutritive Value of Tomato Pomace for Ruminants and Its Influence on In Vitro Methane Production

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos N. Marcos ◽  
Trinidad de Evan ◽  
Eduarda Molina-Alcaide ◽  
M. D. Carro
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

The objective of this study was to determine the variability in nutritive value for ruminants of tomato pomace (TP) samples and analyze its effect on in vitro fermentation when it was included in a high-concentrate diet. Twelve TP samples were obtained from two processing plants at weekly intervals and analyzed for chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation, and intestinal digestibility. The chemical composition of TP did not differ between processing plants and only slight variations were observed among sampling times. Tomato pomace had a low dry matter content (<300 g/kg), a high content of neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, and ether extract (572, 160, and 82.7 g/kg dry matter on average, respectively), and was rapidly fermented in the rumen. Protein degradability at 16 h in situ incubation was 510 g/kg and in vitro intestinal digestibility of protein was low (430–475 g/kg). Replacing soybean meal and barley straw by dried TP increased the in vitro fermentation rate and the production of volatile fatty acids and reduced NH3-N concentrations without affecting CH4. In summary, TP samples showed little variability in nutritive value over sampling time and TP of up to 180 g/kg could be included in high-concentrate diets without negatively affecting rumen fermentation.

scholarly journals Utilization of Avocado and Mango Fruit Wastes in Multi-Nutrient Blocks for Goats Feeding: In Vitro Evaluation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro ◽  
Julia E. Fernández-Yepes ◽  
Lesly Arbesu ◽  
Eduarda Molina-Alcaide
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Feasible Option ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fruit Wastes

This study was conducted to investigate the nutritive value of avocado and mango fruit wastes, and to assess the possibility of preserving the wastes into multi-nutrient blocks (MB). Both peels and a pulp:peels (PP) mixture of each fruit were analyzed for chemical composition and in vitro fermentation with goats’ ruminal fluid. Wastes had low-dry matter (DM) content (<250 g/kg), with those from mango having high non-structural carbohydrates content (>800 g/kg DM) and those from avocado high fat levels (>580 g/kg DM). Mango wastes were fermented at a greater extent and faster rate than avocado ones. The PP mixture of each fruit was included into multi-nutrient blocks (MB) formulated to have similar chemical composition. There were only subtle differences in the fermentation of MB including wastes from either avocado or mango, but fermentation of avocado-MB resulted in significantly (p ≤ 0.032) greater acetate and lower propionate proportions than mango-MB. Including the PP mixture in the formulation of MB for goats feeding is a feasible option to reduce the environmental impact of avocado and mango fruit wastes, but studies on the acceptance of the MB by goats and their stability over long-time storage periods are needed.

scholarly journals Estimation of Nutritive Value of Rice Straw by Chemical Composition and in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility

1986 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Koji TOYOKAWA ◽  
Kei HANZAWA ◽  
Tatsushi INOUE ◽  
Akira SAKAMOTO ◽  
Kaizo TSUBOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

Degradation Characteristics of Wheat, Barley and Oats Straws Untreated and Treated with Ammonia in an Oven

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 85-85
Author(s):  
Jeannie M Everington ◽  
D I Givens
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Oven Method ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Compared with stack treatment the literature contains little information on the nutritive value of cereal straws treated with ammonia in “ovens” at elevated temperature. Recently,Mason et al (1987) and Givens et al (1987) have studied in vitro and in vivo respectively the effect on chemical composition, digestibility and energy value of treating barley, wheat and oat straws with ammonia by the oven method. Substantial changes in chemical composition and nutritive value were found as a result of treatment.Reid and Ørskov (1987) have suggested that the dry matter (DM) degradation characteristics of straw as measured by the nylon bag technique provide a good prediction of its nutritive value. The aims of the experiment reported here were therefore to examine using the straws of Mason et al (1987), the effect of oven ammonia treatment on the DM degradation characteristics and to assess whether these parameters could be used to predict the metabolisable energy (ME) content of the straws.

The digestibility and acceptability to sheep of chopped or milled barley straw soaked or sprayed with alkali

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez Carmona ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe main objective of the experiments described was to compare the effects of milling straw and/or soaking or spraying it with sodium hydroxide on its digestibility and acceptability to sheep. Some preliminary trials were made in the laboratory to compare different alkali treatments with respect to losses of organic matter, chemical composition and digestibility in vitro.In a feeding trial of Latin-square design, involving six sheep, the following treatments of barley straw were compared: C, chopped; M, coarsely-milled; OIL, chopped and soaked in 1·5% NaOH (9 g NaOH/100 g straw); CIH, chopped and soaked in 3·0% NaOH (18 g/100 g straw); CS, chopped and sprayed with 16 % NaOH (8 g/100 g straw); MS, milled and sprayed with 16 % NaOH. After treatments OIL and CIH the straw was washed; this caused losses of organic matter of 28 and 32%, respectively. For CS and CM the excess NaOH was neutralized by addition of 7·4 ml propionic acid/100 g straw.The straws were given with supplements of purified soya protein, minerals and vitamins. The digestibility of energy for the straw was (%): C, 40·4; M, 39·1; CIL, 65·0; CIH, 64·4; CS, 57·3; MS, 60·2. Dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75 per day) was: C, 26·7; M, 36·2; CIL, 37·1; CIH, 44·2; CS, 48·4; MS 53·6.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Season On The Yield And Nutritive Value Of Gliricidia Sepium And Leucaena Leucocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
S. M. Odeyinka ◽  
A. A. Ademosun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Browse Species

Four plots of Gliricidia and two plots of Leucuena were harvested at three monthly intervals to monitor dry matter yield, chemical composition and in vitro organic matter digestibility. The plants had been established (Gliricidia from stakes, Leucaena from seeds) and were spaced 1m apart on rows and 1m between rows. Each plot size was 6m x 6m.  There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the dry matter yield of the two browse species. Season did not have significant (P>0.05) effect on the dry matter yield of Leucaena but had on that of Gliricidia (P<0.01). The early dry harvest produced the lowest yield for both Gliricidia and Leucaena and these were significantly lower than the yield from other harvests.  Season had significant effect (P<0.01) on the chemical composition of Leucaena except on the percent Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF) and lignin but season had no effect on the organic matter digestibilities of the two browse species: Leucaena was higher in nutritive value than Gliricidia.

Nutritive Value of Terricolous Lichens for Reindeer in Winter

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pål Vegar Storeheier ◽  
Svein D. Mathiesen ◽  
Nicholas J. C. Tyler ◽  
Monica A. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Terricolous Lichens ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractIn contrast to virtually all other species of ruminants, reindeer (Rangifer arandus) eat substantial amounts of lichens in winter. Several different species of lichens are eaten and most are highly palatable. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of six species of terricolous lichens commonly eaten by reindeer were measured. Ruminal inoculum was obtained in winter from six free-ranging reindeer that had been grazing on natural pastures in northern Norway. Analysis of the plant parts recovered from their rumens confirmed that the animals had been eating a mixed diet that included both lichens and vascular plants. The chemical composition and the in vitro digestibility of the different species of lichens varied considerably between species and genera. Cetraria islandica, C. nivalis and Cladonia arbuscula were highly digestible [69-77% dry matter (DM)], Stereocaulon paschale was poorly digestible (43% DM), whereas Cladonia stellaris and C. gradlis had an intermediate digestibility (56-57% DM). Mixing ladonia stellaris with vascular plants (50:50) had no effect on the in vitro digestibility of the combined substrates. The in vitro digestibility of Cladonia stellaris in inoculum from two captive reindeer which had had no access to lichens was very low (10% DM). This shows that the source of inoculum used for digestibility trials has a major effect on the apparent digestibility of the substrates. Evidently, the extent to which reindeer are able to utilize lichens depends on the species that are selected and on what the animals have been eating recently.

Changes in chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility of urea and molasses treated whole crop canola silage

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 230-230
Author(s):  
A. Balakhial ◽  
A.A. Naserian ◽  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
F. Eftekhar Shahrodi ◽  
R. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
High Dry Matter

Forage quality is a key factor in dairy cattle nutrition. High moisture forages are so susceptible to loss their nutrients during ensiling. Canola is one of the oilseed plants that belong to Brassica species. Canola forage has high level of moisture in its tissues and must be wilted to 60 -65% moisture before ensiling. On the other hand, molasses and urea as two silage additives can be effective in improvement and preservation of canola forage quality. Molasses is commonly used to provide readily available energy for lactic acid fermentation. Addition of molasses can increase dry matter content of silage that related to relatively high dry matter content of molasses (Baytok and Aksu, 2005). Meanwhile, silage protein content can be increased and proteolysis decreased with the addition of urea. Application of urea to harvested forage before ensiling can restrict the fermentation processes and release ammonia to potentially enhance nutritive value of the ensiled crop and reduce deterioration during storage. The main objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of urea and molasses on chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility of whole crop canola silage.

Cellulase and xylanase activity of the rumen anaerobic fungi grown on untreated and sodium hydroxide treated barley straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
M. Rezaeian ◽  
D. S. Parker ◽  
G. W. Beakes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
The World

The treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide in order to upgrade its nutritive value and to increase the utilisation of its energy by ruminants has been widely employed in many parts of the world. The aim of the experiment was to assess the fibrolytic activity of the anaerobic fungi in vitro using either untreated or NaOH treated barley straw.Anaerobic fungi were isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed with a diet of hay and lucerne pellets using medium C based on that described by Davies et al. (1993) and as modified by Rezaeian (1996). The Isolates were inoculated into two series of culture media containing either sodium hydroxide treated (TS) or untreated milled straw (US). Five replicate cultures were prepared and incubated at 39 °C over a period of 12 days. The dry matter loss of the substrates and changes in pH of the medium cultures were measured.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics on nutritive value, chemical estimates and in vitro dry matter degradability of some woody species found in rangelands of South Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuliso Emmanuel Ravhuhali ◽  
Ntokozo Happy Msiza ◽  
Humbelani Silas Mudau
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Browse Species

AbstractUnlocking browse species in semi-arid regions can be a key to improving the livestock productivity. The research was conducted to assess the browse species variation in chemical composition and in vitro dry matter degradability as influenced by seasonal (summer and winter) changes. Leaves from ten randomly selected browsable trees from sixteen species (Vachellia karroo, Senegalia nigrescens, Vachellia nilotica, Balanites maughamii, Berchemia discolor, Berchemia zeyheri, Bridelia mollis, Combretum collinum, Combretum imberbe, Dalbergia melanoxylon, Dichrostachys cinerea, Grewia monticola, Grewia occidentalis, Melia azedarach, Ormocarpum kirkii and Ziziphus mucronata) were harvested before defoliation from the site in two seasons (summer and winter) and dried at room temperature and then ground for analysis. Two-way analysis was used to analyse chemical composition and in vitro ruminal dry matter degradability. Melia azedarach (343.7 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.0001) CP content in summer. In winter, B. maughamii (210.3 g/kg DM) had the highest (p < 0.05) crude protein content. Combretum collinum (2.90 Mcal/kg) had a highest (p < 0.0001) metabolizable energy value in summer. Bridelia mollis, B. maughamii, B. discolor, C. collinum, C. imberbe, O. kirkii, S. nigrescens, V. nilotica, G. occidentalis and B. zeyheri had the same (p > 0.0001) dry matter degradability (DMD) 48 values across two seasons. In both seasons, most of these browse species have the potential to supplement low quality natural grasses because they go beyond the minimum requirement of protein and have coherent amounts of fibre concentration. There is a need to assess the bioactive compounds found in these browse species for the amelioration and also to maximize browsing of these species.

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