scholarly journals Assessment of Welfare Problems in Finnish Cattle and Pig Farms Based on Official Inspection Reports

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Väärikkälä ◽  
Laura Hänninen ◽  
Mari Nevas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Livestock Farms ◽  
Underlying Risk

The competent authorities of the Member States of the European Union are required to perform animal welfare inspections on livestock farms. The data obtained from these official inspections performed in Finnish cattle and pig farms in 2010–2015 were used with the aim of estimating the prevalence of the most common non-compliances and identifying underlying risk factors. The prevalence of non-compliant cattle and pig farms was 24.2% and 27.9%, respectively. In cattle, the most common problem was an inadequate lying area followed by deficient housing conditions for calves; in pigs, it was a lack of enrichment material. The non-compliances concerning cattle were most frequently detected in autumn and in farms with small herd size, with tie-stall housing and outdoor rearing year-round. The pig farms with a farrow-to-finish unit had a higher prevalence of non-compliances than other production types. The prevalence of the non-compliant farms differed notably between the regions. It can be concluded that the cattle welfare inspections should be performed with a focus on the cold and rainy seasons and at small farms, whereas the pig welfare inspections should mainly focus on farrow-to-finish units. The data received from official inspections should be efficiently utilized in the development of animal welfare inspection system, with the aim of risk-based, consistent and uniform inspections. In addition, the data should be utilized in targeting information for farmers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Risk Factors for African Swine Fever in Lombardy to Identify Pig Holdings and Areas Most at Risk of Introduction in Order to Plan Preventive Measures

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Silvia Bellini ◽  
Alessandra Scaburri ◽  
Marco Tironi ◽  
Stefania Calò
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
European Union ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Pig Farms

In 2019, the area of the European Union (EU) affected by African swine fever (ASF) expanded progressively in a southwestern direction from Baltic and eastern countries. The disease can severely affect and disrupt regional and international trade of pigs and pork products with serious socioeconomic damages to the pig industry. Lombardy is one of the most important European pig producers and the introduction of ASF into the pig population could adversely affect the entire sector. A study was carried out to identify the farms and territories in the region most at risk of ASF introduction to plan preventive measures. The pig holdings were identified through a descriptive analysis of pig movements and Social Network Analysis (SNA), while, for the identification of the most exposed municipalities, an assessment of risk factors was carried out using the ranking of summed scores attributed to the Z-score. From the analysis, it was found that 109 municipalities and 297 pig holdings of the region were potentially more at risk, and these holdings were selected for target surveillance. This information was provided to veterinary authority to target surveillance in pig farms, in order to early detect a possible incursion of ASF and prevent its spread.

Animal Welfare and the European Union

Animal Rights ◽  
1996 ◽  
pp. 143-165
Author(s):  
Rosemary Goddard Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence against young women: prevalence and associated factors in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 611-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Sanz-Barbero ◽  
Patricia López Pereira ◽  
Gregorio Barrio ◽  
Carmen Vives-Cases
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
The European Union

BackgroundThe magnitude of intimate partner violence (IPV) in young women is a source of increasing concern. The prevalence of IPV has not been analysed in Europe as a whole. The objective was to assess the prevalence and main characteristics of experiencing physical and/or sexual and psychological-only IPV among young women in the European Union and to identify individual and contextual associated risk factors.MethodsWe analysed a cross-sectional subsample of 5976 ever-partnered women aged 18–29 years from the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Violence Against Women Survey, 2012. The main outcomes were current physical and/or sexual IPV and lifetime psychological-only IPV. Risk factors were assessed by the prevalence ratio (PR) from multilevel Poisson regression models.ResultsCurrent prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV was 6.1%, lifetime prevalence of psychological-only IPV was 28.7%. Having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse by an adult before age 15 was the strongest risk factor for IPV (PR: 2.9 for physical and/or sexual IPV, PR: 1.5 for psychological-only IPV). Other individual risk factors were: perceived major difficulties in living within their household income (PR: 2.6), having children (PR: 1.8) and age 18–24 years (PR: 1.5) for physical/sexual IPV and immigration background for psychological-only IPV (PR: 1.4). Living in countries with a higher prevalence of binge drinking or early school dropout was positively associated with IPV.ConclusionsFindings show that the fight against violence in young women should consider individual characteristics, childhood experiences of abuse and also structural interventions including reduction of alcohol consumption and improvement in the education-related indicators.

Sow agonistic behaviour of two breeds moved from individual stalls to an outdoor park

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 203-203
Author(s):  
S. R. Silva ◽  
A. Lourenço ◽  
A. L. Fernades ◽  
E. LeBras ◽  
J. C. Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Technical Developments

Public concern about animal welfare has increased both legislation and consumer pressure, to introduce new technical developments in sow’s housing. In recent years, there has been increased interest in less intensive production systems for pigs, including outdoor production. The issue of sow’s housing and its relation to welfare has been investigated for sometime now (SVC, 1997; McGlone et al., 2004). Concerns over animal welfare combined with European based scientific data have led to the progressive removal of gestation stalls in several European countries, and from 2013 the use of stalls will be restricted throughout the European Union. Therefore one of the greatest challenges in swine housing management is the development of a viable alternative to stalls. In this way, we carried out a study to (1) compare the agonistic behaviour of two breeds of sows moved from individual stalls to an outdoor park, and to (2) determine the evolution of behaviour throughout four weeks of study for each breed.

A review of fluorosis in the European Union: prevalence, risk factors and aesthetic issues

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (s1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen P. Whelton ◽  
Clare E. Ketley ◽  
Fiona McSweeney ◽  
Denis M. O'Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union

scholarly journals Broiler and swine production: animal welfare legislation scenario

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Baracat Tosi Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Irenilza de Alencar Nääs ◽  
Daniella Jorge de Moura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
The World ◽  
Animal Welfare Legislation

Brazil is the world largest meat exporter and one of the most recent demands of the import market is directed towards animal welfare. Codes, norms and legislations used in Brazil are out of date, and in most cases those adopted for both poultry and swine production are based on international standards to meet trade requirements. This research aimed to study and describe an overall scenario of the standards, norms and legislations for animal welfare items applied to broiler and swine production: rearing, handling and transportation. The critical points of these items were identified in accordance to standards and current literature on animal welfare issues, effective on January 2008. The comparison was based on given scores varying from 1-5 (very bad to very good) as function of the existence of standard norms and legislations for each country and/or economic block, and for each type of demand, as well as the level of adoption by producers. When compared to counterparts Brazil detained the lowest score for all types of demands, and its mean score of norms is lower (p < 0.05). For both poultry and swine production the European Union provides detailed information to producers, followed by Australia and United States. Exception is made to standards in moving or transporting swine within the farm. Brazilian legislation for poultry production presents a general insufficiency of 58%, while in swine production the highest deficit is in transportation. There is a need to invest in updating animal welfare standards, norms and legislation in the country for maintaining its international competitiveness.

scholarly journals Risk factors for antimicrobial use in food-producing animals: disease prevention and socio-economic factors as the main drivers?

2018 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bokma ◽  
J. Dewulf ◽  
P. Deprez ◽  
B. Pardon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The European Union requests an urgent decrease in antimicrobial use (AMU) in food producinganimals to reduce antimicrobial resistance in animals and humans and safeguard the efficacy of antimicrobials for future generations. The identification of risk factors (RFs) for AMU is essential to obtain a rapid reduction. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of RFs for AMU in veal calves, pigs and poultry. Thirty-three observational studies were included. Well-identified RFs for an increased AMU are frequent purchase of animals, herd size (large or small depending on the animal species), and a lack of selected biosecurity measures. Also in beef breed calves, more antimicrobials are used than in Holstein calves. AMU is influenced by the farmer, the veterinarian and by the integration. In general, socio-economic RFs are largely unexplored. The causal factors for AMU are multiple and complex, with possible confounding factors and unidentified interactions. Additional knowledge of socio-economic drivers appears particularly urgent to create tailor-made guidelines and awareness campaigns for each sector.

scholarly journals A Review: The Energy Poverty Issue in the European Union and Latvia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zalostiba ◽  
D. Kiselovs
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Political Discussion ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Energy poverty is a growing concern in the European Union. Following energy market liberalization, the problem of energy affordability has entered the political discussion, making it necessary to estimate its dimensions, develop and implement a policy and means for its mitigation. To evaluate the situation in Latvia, the paper reviews the way energy poverty is currently defined and measured, investigating the advantages and shortcomings of various definitions and approaches. It then provides a brief analysis of energy poverty in three char-acterising dimensions: low income, high costs of energy services and unsatisfactory housing conditions (primarily related to energy efficiency aspects), using available statistical data. The characterising indicators of energy poverty are compared with the EU average values. Finally, this paper highlights individual policy measures for diminishing energy poverty.

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