scholarly journals Potential of Insect Meals as Protein Sources for Meat-Type Ducks Based on In Vitro Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attawit Kovitvadhi ◽  
Pipatpong Chundang ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Chanin Tirawattanawanich ◽  
Sunyanee Srikachar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
American Cockroach ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm ◽  
Mealworm Larvae ◽  
Wax Moth

There has been a dramatic increase in duck meat consumption. As a result, ducks are an interesting alternative type of livestock. Animal-based proteins such as fishmeal and animal by-products are valuable nutrients with high digestibility, but they are associated with cost fluctuations, pathogen contamination, and environmental impacts. Therefore, plant-based proteins are used, but they have the disadvantages of inappropriate amino acid profiles, anti-nutritional factors, and mycotoxin contamination. Insect meal contains favorable nutrients and low production costs and is environmentally friendly; however, there is a large number of insect species. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation is to screen insects for their potential use as a protein source in the duck diet. Insect meal with a high proportion of low-digestible components was shown to have low digestibility. Yellow mealworm larvae, giant mealworm larvae, lesser wax moth larvae, house fly larvae, mulberry silkworm pupae, and American cockroach nymph have the potential to be alternative protein sources for ducks. Insect meal has been widely studied and is used in animal nutrition to replace common protein sources that have several disadvantages and to promote sustainability in animal production. Two-step in vitro digestibility using crude enzyme extracts from digestive tracts of meat-type ducks (Cherry Valley) was performed on general protein sources and insect meals to compare the in vitro digestibility of organic matter (OMd) and crude protein (CPd). Variation in chemical components between different types of insect meal was found. A positive correlation was found between OMd and the ether extract composition in insect meal, whereas a negative correlation was shown between crude fiber and acid detergent fiber. Contrasting relationships were found between CPd and crude fiber and acid detergent fiber in insect meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor), giant mealworm larvae (Zophobas morio), lesser wax moth larvae (Achroia grisella), house fly larvae (Musca domestica), mulberry silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori), and American cockroach nymph (Periplaneta americana) are potential protein sources for ducks based on OMd and CPd digestibility after screening with an in vitro digestibility technique.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽  
Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽  
Adebowale Noah Fajemisin
Keyword(s):  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

Cutting frequency and cutting height effects on forage quality of rough fescue and Parry oat grass

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Willms ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Repeated Treatment ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Rough Fescue

An experiment was conducted to determine the qualitative response of rough fescue (Festuca scabrella var. campestris) and Parry oat grass (Danthonia parryi) to five cutting frequencies and three cutting heights Beginning in mid-May, the same plants were cut every 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 wk. during a 16-wk period, at heights of either 5, 10, or 15 cm above ground level. The treatments were repeated in 3 consecutive years on the same plants. Crude protein (CP), lignin, and calcium (Ca) were significantly greater for Parry oat grass than for rough fescue, which had greater acid detergent fiber (ADF) and phosphorus (P) concentrations. Increasing cutting frequency in the first year reduced acid detergent-insoluble nitrogen (ADIN), ADF, and lignin but increased CP and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (IVD) in both forages. Repeated treatment over 3 yr tended lo increase ADF and Ca but reduce CP, P, and IVD. In the first year of treatment, CP yields in rough fescue and Parry oat grass were greatest with 2 or 4 cuts during the growing season. However, in the second year of treatment, CP yield was greatest with one or two cuts in rough fescue and with four cuts in Parry oat grass. The data confirm the benefits of repeated grazing within a year to maintain high quality forage but demonstrate the need to limit the frequency of repeated grazing to avoid deterioration and maximize nutrient yield. Nutrient yields and, presumably, benefits to livestock would be greater at a lower grazing frequency on rough fescue than on Parry oat grass. Key words: Festuca scabrella var. campestris, Danthonia parryi, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, in vitro digestibility, forage quality

EVALUATION OF PINEGRASS AS RANGE FORAGE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alastair McLean ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
J. E. Miltimore ◽  
D. M. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Calcium Iron

Seasonal changes in the quality of pinegrass (Calamagrostis rubescens) on native forest range in southern British Columbia included declines in crude protein content and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and increases in content of lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and ash. The decline in average daily gains of beef heifers was more rapid than changes in quality of the pinegrass over the grazing period from June to October.Pinegrass contained adequate nutrients for the rapid growth of yearlings or for maintaining weanling calves until August 1, whereupon protein and phosphorus supplementation were required. Nutrient requirements of pregnant cows and replacement heifers were adequately met until September 1.Copper and zinc were inadequate throughout the season. Calcium, iron, and manganese contents, however, were satisfactory. Silica was high and must be considered a potential problem in pinegrass utilization.Digestible dry matter gave a high positive correlation with crude protein and phosphorus and a high negative correlation with lignin, acid-detergent fiber, and total ash.Crude fiber, crude fat, and total soluble carbohydrate contents of pinegrass did not closely follow changes in either animal gains or in vitro digestible dry matter.Crude protein, phosphorus, and acid-detergent fiber appear to give a good indication of animal yields on pinegrass and could be used to evaluate pinegrass quality where animal data are not available.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CELL WALL CONSTITUENT LEVELS OF TANNIN-FREE AND TANNIN-CONTAINING CULTIVARS OF FABABEANS (VICIA FABA L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. MARQUARDT ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY ◽  
A. T. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Similar Basis

A series of experiments has been carried out with tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars of fababeans. The in vitro dry matter digestibility of the cotyledon portion of the two groups of fababeans was the same (88.2%) whereas the in vitro digestibility of the testa portion of the tannin-free cultivars was much higher (27.6%) than that of the tannin-containing cultivars (9.2%). The concentrations of certain cell wall constituents in the testae of tannin-free and tannin-containing cultivars were also different (P < 0.01); the respective average values for the two groups were: condensed tannins, 0.2 and 4.9%; lignin, 4.2 and 6.2%; acid detergent fiber, 72 and 66%; and cellulose, 67 and 60%. There was a negative correlation between the in vitro dry matter digestibility and the amount per unit weight of whole beans of either condensed tannin (r = −0.86, P < 0.01) or lignin (r = −0.89, P < 0.01). When expressed on a similar basis there was no correlation between levels of cellulose or acid detergent fiber and in vitro dry matter digestibility.

In vitro digestibility of dietary protein sources for white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)

Aquaculture ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 163 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Ezquerra ◽  
F.L. Garcı́a-Carreño ◽  
O. Carrillo
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Protein Sources

scholarly journals Assessment of Mulberry Silkworm Pupae and African Palm Weevil larvae as alternative protein sources in snack fillings

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e03754
Author(s):  
Olamide A. Akande ◽  
Oreoluwa O. Falade ◽  
Adebanjo A. Badejo ◽  
Ifeoluwa Adekoya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Sources ◽  
Palm Weevil ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Mulberry Silkworm

scholarly journals Mixed sugarcane and elephant grass silages with or without bacterial inoculant

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucilene Cavali ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Marlos Oliveira Porto ◽  
Francisco Eden Paiva Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total N

The effects of different ratios of sugarcane and elephant grass (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0% of the natural basis) were assessed on the chemical composition and losses in silages treated with a bacterial inoculant, using laboratory silos. A 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (with and without inoculant and five elephant grass ratios) in a randomized blocks design with three replications was used. Interaction was observed in the sugarcane and elephant grass ratio × bacterial inoculant for crude protein (CP) and pH. The other variables were influenced only by the increasing proportions of elephant grass. The contents of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and protein, acid detergent fiber, insoluble protein in acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and lignin in the silages increased linearly with the proportions of elephant grass. The water soluble carbohydrate contents and dry matter in vitro digestibility of the silages decreased linearly with the increase in the proportion of elephant grass. The mean value of ammonia nitrogen in relation to total N was 7.0% (% of DM). The CP values of the inoculated and non-inoculated silage fitted linear models. The highest CP content was observed in the silage treated with inoculant. The pH values of the silages, with and without inoculant, fitted quadratic and linear models, respectively. The lactic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents were not influenced by the elephant grass ratios, while the acetic acid content, for the non-inoculated silages, and ethanol decreased linearly with the increase in elephant grass. The ratio of 25% sugarcane and 75% elephant grass improves the nutritional value and increases the silage DM recovery, because of the lower effluent and gas productions. The homofermentative bacterial inoculant does not affect the sugarcane silage.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STEM DIAMETER AND IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF FORAGES

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Mowat ◽  
R. S. Fulkerson ◽  
E. E. Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage

Stem diameter of Vernal alfalfa was markedly greater from first cut than from aftermaths, particularly the third cut. Stems were larger from clump than from solid spacings within rows. Only the narrowest row widths tended to influence stem size. When alfalfa was cut at the first-flower stage, stem diameter had no effect on in vitro dry matter digestibility. Furthermore, stem width had no influence on the digestibility of various bromegrass entries cut at the heads-elongated stage. No consistent relationship occurred between stem width and lignin or acid-detergent fiber content with alfalfa. However, the narrow stems of bromegrass had a slightly higher lignin content.

scholarly journals Nutritional Evaluation of Sugarcane Cultivars for Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
André Sanches de Avila ◽  
Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽  
Gabriele Larissa Hoelscher ◽  
José Barbosa Duarte Júnior ◽  
Andressa Faccenda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
Carbohydrate Fractionation ◽  
Stalk Length

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of twenty-nine cultivars of sugarcane. The design was completely randomized, with twenty-nine treatments (cultivars) and three replicates. The evaluations were performed at 540 days after planting during the phenological stage of maturation of sugar cane. Stalk length, number of nodes per plant, internodes length and stalk diameter were evaluated. The stalk samples were crushed, pre-dried and ground for achievement of chemical analysis, carbohydrate fractionation and in vitro digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and posteriorly submitted to Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. Regarding biometric measurements the cultivars differed (P<0.05) for the stalk length, but there was no difference (P>0.05) in the number of nodes as well as in the average internode length and stalk diameter. The content of DM, OM, protein, ether extract, NDF and acid detergent fiber showed differences between the cultivars evaluated (P<0.05). Carbohydrate fractionation also differed between cultivars (P <0.05), being that cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 806 and RB03 6091 presented high fraction of rapidly degradable carbohydrates. The highest values of in vitro digestibility of DM and OM occurred for cultivars RB86 7515, RB92 579 and RB03 6091 (P<0.05). Considering the variables analyzed, the cultivars RB03 6091, RB92 579 and RB86 7515 showed greater concentration of rapidly degradable carbohydrates and greater in vitro digestibility of DM and OM demonstrating potential for use in ruminant feeding.

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