scholarly journals Sheep Farmers’ Perception of Welfare and Pain Associated with Routine Husbandry Practices in Chile

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Larrondo ◽  
Hedie Bustamante ◽  
Carmen Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
Husbandry Practices ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Considering the public concern about the welfare of farm animals during routine husbandry practices, this study aimed to determine how husbandry practices are carried out in Chilean farms, sheep farmers’ perceptions of animal welfare and pain, and factors that affect them, as well as the level of agreement among farmers in the recognition of pain associated with these practices. Using a self-administered survey, participants were asked about their sociodemographic information, how husbandry practices are carried out in their farms, and their pain perception for seven of these common husbandry procedures using a numerical rating scale (0 to 10). A total of 165 farmers completed the survey and perceived castration and tail docking as the most painful practices in lambs (median pain score 10 vs. 8, p < 0.05). Pain perception was associated with the method used for the specific husbandry practices, the farmers’ educational level, the farm size, and flock size (p < 0.05). There was a fair to good level of agreement beyond chance (p < 0.05) in the recognition of pain associated with the most painful practices. In general, husbandry practices are not carried out in young animals, use painful methods, without using analgesics, which may have a negative impact on animal welfare.

scholarly journals Observer trait anxiety is associated with response bias to patient facial pain expression independent of pain catastrophizing

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A Rash ◽  
Kenneth M Prkachin ◽  
Tavis S Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Helping Behaviours ◽  
Numerical Rating

Nonverbal communication, such as facial expression, is an important component of the communication of pain to an observer. One factor that influences pain perception by an observer is characteristics specific to the observer themselves (ie, ‘top-down’ characteristics). The authors of this article aimed to assess how anxiety in the observer affects their ability to rate a sufferer’s pain, controlling for pain catastrophizing.BACKGROUND: Top-down characteristics of an observer influence the detection and estimation of a sufferer’s pain. A comprehensive understanding of these characteristics is important because they influence observer helping behaviours and the sufferer’s experience of pain.OBJECTIVES: To examine the hypothesis that individuals who score high in trait anxiety would perceive more intense pain in others, as indicated by a larger negative response bias, and that this association would persist after adjusting for pain catastrophizing.METHODS: Healthy young adult participants (n=99; 50 male) watched videos containing excerpts of facial expressions taken from patients with shoulder pain and were asked to rate how much pain the patient was experiencing using an 11-point numerical rating scale. Sensitivity and response bias were calculated using signal detection methods.RESULTS: Trait anxiety was a predictor of response bias after statistically adjusting for pain catastrophizing and observer sex. More anxious individuals had a proclivity toward imputing greater pain to a sufferer.CONCLUSIONS: Individuals scoring higher on trait anxiety were more likely to impute pain to a sufferer. Anxious caregivers may be better able to respond with appropriate intervention once pain behaviour is detected, or they may exacerbate symptoms by engaging in excessive palliative care and solicitous behaviour.

scholarly journals Traditional Music Therapy to Decrease Pain Perception on Elderly in Jakarta Elderly Social Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Anisa Fitri Marsyia ◽  
Widyatuti Widyatuti
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Health Service Provider

<p align="left"><strong>Objective: </strong>Pain is a health problem that often occurs in the elderly with various precipitation factors. This study aims to analyze nursing care on elderly with acute pain through traditional music therapy at Jakarta Elderly Social Institution</p><p align="left"><strong>Methods: </strong>Three older adults were given traditional music therapy intervention about twenty minutes each day within five weeks.</p><p align="left"><strong>Results:</strong> The result of this study showed that the pain perception of clients decreased after intervention. It was showed by pain scale (Numerical Rating Scale), blood pressure and pulse decreasing.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elderly Social Institution as a health service provider can apply traditional music therapy as a program in reducing acute pain on elderly.</p><p align="left"> </p><p align="left"><strong>Keywords</strong><em>: </em>acute pain; elderly; traditional music therapy</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pain Management after Surgery: An Observational Study

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Regina Sierżantowicz ◽  
Jolanta Lewko ◽  
Dorota Bitiucka ◽  
Karolina Lewko ◽  
Bianka Misiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Multimodal Analgesia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Who Analgesic Ladder ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Health Organization

Background and Objectives: Choosing a pain management strategy is essential for improving recovery after surgery. Effective pain management reduces the stress response, facilitates mobilization, and improves the quality of the postoperative period. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of pain management in patients after surgery. Materials and Methods: The study included 216 patients operated on in the following surgical wards: the Department of Cardiosurgery and the Department of General and Endocrine Surgery. Patients were hospitalized on average for 6 ± 4.5 days. Patients were randomly selected for the study using a questionnaire technique with a numerical rating scale. Results: Immediately after surgery, pre-emptive analgesia, multimodal analgesia, and analgosedation were used significantly more frequently than other methods (p < 0.001). In the subsequent postoperative days, the method of administering drugs on demand was used most often. Patients with confirmed complications during postoperative wound healing required significantly more frequent use of drugs from Steps 2 and 3 of the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder compared with patients without complications. Conclusion: The mode of patient admission for surgery significantly affected the level of pain perception. Different pain management methods were used and not every method was effective.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of a Topical Patch for the Management of Acute and Chronic Osteoarticular Pain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Gaetana Rizzi ◽  
◽  
Carlo Braga ◽  
Alessandro Corsi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Therapy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Topical Product ◽  
Numerical Rating

Pain is a symptom common to many pathological conditions that can affect all age groups, with greater incidence among adults and the elderly. It is an important clinical, social and economic aspect of all ages and has a negative impact on the quality of life. Pain therapy, also called antalgic therapy or pain medicine, aims to identify, evaluate and treat acute and/or chronic pain. The objective of this observational study is to evaluate the effect of the ”Tecnologia DUKTOR ionoattiva” iPatchMed ZeroDol patch in reducing in the short-term painful symptoms in case of local acute and chronic inflammatory states. The patch is a topical product to be applied on the affected area in order to create a hydro-active environment. The mechanism of action consists in the generation of micro-currents and micro-electromagnetic fields that promote ion exchange and the passage of micro-currents in the cutaneous tissues, increasing the use of oxygen by the cells and the restoration of the cell membrane. This results in both cellular reinvigoration and a high antalgic effect.This single-arm monocentric investigation has 50 subjects with acute and chronic pain.The pain measurement was recorded through the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at selected time points: at baseline (T0) and after 2, 8 and 24 hours. The use of the ”Tecnologia DUKTOR ionoattiva” iPatchMed ZeroDol patch significantly promotes a decrease in acute and chronic pain; furthermore, no adverse effects were recorded, thus demonstrating that the medical device is optimally tolerated.

scholarly journals Why Pain Is Still a Welfare Issue for Farm Animals, and How Facial Expression Could Be the Answer

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Negative Impacts

Pain is a sensory and emotional experience that significantly affects animal welfare and has negative impacts on the economics of farming. Pain is often associated with common production diseases such as lameness and mastitis, as well as introduced to the animal through routine husbandry practices such as castration and tail docking. Farm animals are prey species which tend not to overtly express pain or weakness, making recognizing and evaluating pain incredibly difficult. Current methods of pain assessment do not provide information on what the animal is experiencing at that moment in time, only that its experience is having a long term negative impact on its behavior and biological functioning. Measures that provide reliable information about the animals’ affective state in that moment are urgently required; facial expression as a pain assessment tool has this ability. Automation of the detection and analysis of facial expression is currently in development, providing further incentive to use these methods in animal welfare assessment.

scholarly journals Multicenter survey on emergency nurses’ perception of Numerical Rating Scale reliability at triage time in adult Emergency Department patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Cervellin ◽  
Ivan Comelli ◽  
Andrea Bellone ◽  
Fabrizio Giostra ◽  
Nicoletta Acierno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Measurement ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Multicenter Survey ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Triage Time

Since pain perception is highly subjective and culturally mediated, its objective evaluation remains difficult. Nevertheless, pain measurement should ideally be a part of the assessment of patients in order to plan adequate pain relief. Several scales have been proposed for pain measurement, being the numerical rating scale (NRS) the most widely used, often at triage time. NRS have demonstrated acceptable reliability and validity, in post-operative medicine and in oncologic pain, but data in the Emergency Departments (EDs) are poor. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Emergency Nurses’ (ENs) perception about the reliability of NRS in the triage process. A questionnaire based on 11 items was designed and subsequently administered to a large number of ENs in several EDs in Northern and Central Italy. 301 questionnaires were filled out and returned. The majority declares using NRS scale to measure pain (item 2, mode = 4, mean = 3.8), and attributing priority code based on NRS value (item 3, mode = 4, mean = 3.4). In general, triage nurses believe that NRS is only indicative and that their judgement matters (item 4, mode = 4, mean = 3.2). The vast majority of triage nurses do believe that the patients will indicate a fake higher NRS value with the aim to get a more urgent code (item 5, mode = 5, mean = 4), while only a small minority expects that patients would underestimate their NRS for fear of penalizing more urgent patients. Very few believe that such scale underestimates the patients’ condition, while the majority is ambivalent about whether such scale overestimates it. In conclusion, NRS confirms to be a potentially valuable tool for pain evaluation at triage time, but many nurses express some doubts on its reliability, and will attribute the triage code mainly basing on their own judgement.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Botulinum Toxin, Spasticity, and Pain: a Survey of Patient Perception

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Shaikh ◽  
Chetan P Phadke ◽  
Farooq Ismail ◽  
Chris Boulias
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

AbstractObjective: To assess the prevalence of pain in adults with spasticity and to assess the association between the subjective experience of pain and spasticity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: outpatient spasticity management clinic of a rehabilitation centre. Patients: Patients with upper motor neuron lesions and spasticity (n=131) were recruited. Methods: We assessed pain intensity and location, relationship between spasticity and pain perception, and perception of pain relief from botulinum toxin type-A (BoNTA) injections. Main outcome measures: Pain perception rated on a 10-point numerical rating scale and pain quality. Results: 65% of the patients with spasticity reported presence of pain and 60% described it as an aching pain. More patients reported pain with movement (34%) compared to rest (21%). There was a statistically poor correlation between the severity of pain and spasticity (r=0.16; p>0.05). Most patients (80%) believed that their pain was related to spasticity and 62% reported that BoNTA injections decreased their pain. Conclusions: The high incidence of pain noted within our sample suggests that physicians may have to consider pain management as part of spasticity treatment. Participants reported that their pain was related to their spasticity, and that it decreased after BoNTA treatment. Further study is needed to explore the relationships between objective measures of spasticity and pain.

scholarly journals Unpredictable pain timings lead to greater pain when people are highly intolerant of uncertainty

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clémence Bélanger ◽  
Bernard Blais Morin ◽  
Andréanne Brousseau ◽  
Nicolas Gagné ◽  
Anne Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Subjective Pain ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground and purposeMany psychological factors are known to influence pain perception. Among them, intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may play a key modulating role in situations where uncertainty prevails, especially uncertainty regarding the timing of painful events. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of individual differences in IUon pain perception during predictable and unpredictable stimulation timings. We hypothesized that people with high IU, as opposed to those with low IU, would perceive more pain when the timing of painful stimulations cannot be predicted, as compared to when they can.MethodsTwenty (20) healthy adults, aged between 18 and 35 years old, were recruited. Painful sensations were provoked using transcutaneous electrical stimulations of the right sural nerve. By measuring IU (Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale) and subjective pain (verbal numerical rating scale), it was possible to test the relationship between IU and pain perception, by simulating predictable and unpredictable painful experiences. This was done through cued shock interval (CSI) blocks, with either variable timing or fixed timings (long or short time frame). Self-administered questionnaires were also used to measure pain hypervigilance, pain catastrophizing, state anxiety, and trait anxiety.ResultsPearson correlations confirmed the presence of an association (r = 0.63) between IU and the change in pain intensity provoked by unpredictable stimulation timings. Importantly, this association was significant only for stimulations provided at long CSIs, indicating that higher IU scores predicted higher pain intensity scores when stimulation timings became unpredictable, and when the cued delay was long. No association was found between pain scores and other psychological variables.ConclusionsOur results show that IU moderately correlates to the change in pain intensity provoked by unpredictable stimulation timings. High IU scores were associated with a worsening of the subjective pain experience, especially during long delays in an unpredictable situation. These observations suggest that IU could be considered as a psychological variable that is able to influence pain perception in certain situations.ImplicationsAssessing and addressing IU could be an added value in pain-related therapy, especially in chronic pain.

scholarly journals Recommendations for acquisition and interpretation of MRI of the spine and sacroiliac joints in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis in the UK

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J P Bray ◽  
Alexis Jones ◽  
Alexander N Bennett ◽  
Philip G Conaghan ◽  
Andrew Grainger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
British Society ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Sacroiliac Joints ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Abstract Objectives To develop evidence-based recommendations on the use of MRI in the diagnosis of axial SpA (axSpA). Methods A working group comprising nine rheumatologists and nine musculoskeletal radiologists with an interest in axSpA was established, with support from the British Society of Spondyloarthritis (BRITSpA). Two meetings were held. In the first meeting, research questions were formulated. In the second meeting, the results of a systematic literature review designed to inform the recommendations were reviewed. An anonymized Delphi process was used to formulate the final set of recommendations. For each recommendation, the level of evidence and strength of recommendation was determined. The level of agreement was assessed using a 0–10 numerical rating scale. Results Two overarching principles were formulated, as follows: The diagnosis of axSpA is based on clinical, laboratory and imaging features (overarching principle 1), and patients with axSpA can have isolated inflammation of either the sacroiliac joints or the spine (overarching principle 2). Seven recommendations addressing the use of MRI in the assessment of patients with suspected axSpA were formulated, covering topics including recommended sequences, anatomical coverage, acquisition parameters and interpretation of active and structural MRI lesions. The level of agreement for each recommendation was very high (range 8.8–9.8). Conclusion A joint rheumatology and radiology consensus on the acquisition and interpretation of MRI in axSpA diagnosis was achieved, and a research agenda formulated. This consensus should help standardize practice around MRI and ensure a more informed, consistent approach to the diagnosis of axSpA.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Antihyperalgesic Properties of Propofol in a Human Pain Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Bandschapp ◽  
Joerg Filitz ◽  
Harald Ihmsen ◽  
Andreas Berset ◽  
Albert Urwyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Scale Score ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Modeling ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Numerical Rating ◽  
Numerical Rating Scale Score

Background Propofol (Disoprivan, AstraZeneca AG, Zug, Switzerland) has long been considered to be nonanalgesic. However, accumulating evidence shows that propofol possesses modulatory action on pain processing and perception. In this study, the authors investigated the modulatory effects of propofol and a formulation similar to the solvent of propofol (10% Intralipid; Fresenius Kabi, Stans, Switzerland) on pain perception and central sensitization in healthy volunteers. Methods Fourteen healthy volunteers were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Intracutaneous electrical stimulation (48.8 +/- 25.8 mA) induced spontaneous acute pain (Numeric Rating Scale, 6 of 10) and stable areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Pain intensities and areas of hyperalgesia were assessed regularly before, during, and after a 45-min target-controlled infusion (2 microg/ml) of propofol, the solvent 10% Intralipid, and saline. Results During administration, propofol significantly decreased pain scores and areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia compared with both 10% Intralipid and saline (placebo-corrected mean Numerical Rating Scale score reduction by propofol: 38 +/- 28%). This difference disappeared shortly after cessation of the infusion. Thereafter, no significant group differences were observed in the Numerical Rating Scale score and the areas of hyperalgesia or allodynia. However, there was a trend to reduced hyperalgesia and allodynia after propofol treatment. Pharmacodynamic modeling regarding the analgesic effect of propofol showed an EC50 (half-maximum effect site concentration) of 3.19 +/- 0.37 microg/ml. Ten percent Intralipid was free of pain-modulatory effects in the authors' experiments. Conclusions Propofol showed short-lasting analgesic properties during its administration, whereas the solvent-like formulation 10% Intralipid had no effect on pain perception.

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