scholarly journals Evidence for Right-Sided Horses Being More Optimistic than Left-Sided Horses

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Marr ◽  
Kate Farmer ◽  
Konstanze Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Ambiguous Stimulus ◽  
Judgment Bias ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

An individual’s positive or negative perspective when judging an ambiguous stimulus (cognitive bias) can be helpful when assessing animal welfare. Emotionality, as expressed in approach or withdrawal behaviour, is linked to brain asymmetry. The predisposition to process information in the left or right brain hemisphere is displayed in motor laterality. The quality of the information being processed is indicated by the sensory laterality. Consequently, it would be quicker and more repeatable to use motor or sensory laterality to evaluate cognitive bias than to perform the conventional judgment bias test. Therefore, the relationship between cognitive bias and motor or sensory laterality was tested. The horses (n = 17) were trained in a discrimination task involving a box that was placed in either a “positive” or “negative” location. To test for cognitive bias, the box was then placed in the middle, between the trained positive and negative location, in an ambiguous location, and the latency to approach the box was evaluated. Results indicated that horses that were more likely to use the right forelimb when moving off from a standing position were more likely to approach the ambiguous box with a shorter latency (generalized linear mixed model, p < 0.01), and therefore displayed a positive cognitive bias (optimistic).

scholarly journals Influence of Sleep Characteristic Changes on Nurses’ Quality of Life during Their Transition to Practice: A Prospective Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Kyoungja Kim ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Transition To Practice ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate Nurses ◽  
New Graduate

Aim: To explore the effect of changes in sleep characteristics on changes in quality of life during the transition period of new graduate nurses. Background: Sleep problems among nurses are associated with negative physical and psychological consequences. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Participants included 88 newly graduated nurses. Data were collected twice, prior to shift work and after 4 months of working as a nurse, via online structured self-report questionnaires created using Survey Monkey from March 2018 to February 2020. A generalized linear mixed model was used to analyze the influence of changes in sleep characteristics on quality of life. Results: A generalized linear mixed model showed that changes in the subjective quality of sleep, subjective health perception, and daytime dysfunction influenced quality of life changes during the transition. This implies that deterioration already existed. From their undergraduate period to four months after they began working as nurses, a significant decrease was observed in the quality of sleep. Participants’ quality of life significantly decreased. Conclusions: Changes in the quality of life of new graduate nurses may show deterioration with a significant drop in subjective sleep quality. Institutions should improve existing work adaptation programs provided during new graduate nurses’ transition to practice by including information on changes in nurses’ health caused by changes in sleep characteristics and sleep quality.

scholarly journals Retention in Continuous Care and Sustained Viral Suppression

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. Crawford ◽  
Alice Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Sustained Viral Suppression ◽  
Continuous Care ◽  
Disease Clinic ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Objectives: To examine the relationship between retention in continuous care and sustained viral suppression. Methods: The authors retrospectively followed 653 persons who were virally suppressed and seeking care at an infectious disease clinic in Kentucky for an average of 6 years to determine the rates of retention in medical care (≥2 visits separated by ≥3 months within a 12-month period) and sustained viral suppression (<400 copies/mL). A generalized linear mixed model was used to determine an association between retention and suppression over time. Results: Approximately 61% of the study population were retained in continuous care and 75% had sustained viral suppression for all patient-years. Persons retained in care were 3 times the odds of sustaining viral suppression over time ( P < .001). Conclusion: Retention is essential to achieving and maintaining viral suppression. Strategies should be set in place that emphasize increasing the rates of retention, which in turn may increase the rates of suppression.

Quality of Life in Patients With Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in West China

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110341
Author(s):  
Lidan Lu ◽  
Aipiziguli Yakupu ◽  
Yanhui Wu ◽  
Xiangnan Li ◽  
Pengxin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Caregiver Report

Objective This study aimed to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of patients with cleft lip and palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in relation to sex, age, age at initial cleft lip surgery, and age at initial cleft palate surgery. Design This is a cross-sectional study. Setting The study was conducted in a tertiary medical center. Participants The participants were caregivers of 72 patients with cleft lip and palate and VPI aged 4 to 20 years. Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed the Chinese version of the caregiver report of the VPI Effects on Life Outcomes (VELO) questionnaire. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate the patients’ sex, age, age at initial cleft lip repair, and age at initial cleft palate repair in relation to VELO total score and domains. Spearman correlation analysis was completed including all study variables. Associations between the study variables and the VELO total score were tested using a generalized linear mixed model. Results In the univariate analysis, patients’ age and age at initial cleft palate surgery influenced the QOL of patients with VPI. There were no differences in the VELO total score or domains based on sex or age at first cleft lip surgery. In the generalized linear mixed model, patients older than 8 years had higher VELO total scores. Conclusions By caregiver report, the QOL of patients under age 8 years with VPI was lower than older patients. In addition, the caregiver impact domain was higher for parents of children who had their initial cleft palate surgery at age 2 years or younger.

scholarly journals STIGMATIZATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF MALE-TO-FEMALE- TRANSGENDER UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN THE NORTHEAST OF THAILAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-484
Author(s):  
Phattarapon Ponprisan ◽  
Wongsa Loahasiriwong ◽  
Thitima Nutrawong ◽  
Nopparat Senahad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
University Students ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Transgender Students ◽  
Male To Female

Transgender students are vulnerable to mental and physical health problems, impacting their quality of life (QOL). This research aims to study the stigma influence on the QOL of male-to-female transgender university students in Northeastern Thailand. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 765 male-to-female transgender students selected from 17 universities of the Northeast of Thailand using a multistage random sampling to respond to a self-administered structured questionnaire. The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was performed to identify factors associated with quality of life when controlling the effects of covariates, presenting adjusted OR and 95% confidence intervals. Among 765 male-to-female transgender students, more than half of them had good QOL (52.81%; 95%CI = 49.25-56.33). The generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) observed that factors associated with good QOL including moderate-low stigmatization (adj.OR=6.39; 95%CI = 2.72-15.02), good health behaviors (adj.OR=1.88; 95%1.47-2.86), no stress problem (adj.OR=1.81; 95%CI = 1.30-2.51), good self-acceptance (adj.OR=1.67; 95%CI = 1.37-2.03) and good social environment (adj.OR=1.41; 95%CI = 1.13-1.76). These findings could provide data to support evidence for family, community, societal and relevant sectors under the Ministry of Public Health and Ministry of Education and local administration organizations to promote the quality of life in transgender people effectively.

Analyzing discontinuities in longitudinal count data: A multilevel generalized linear mixed model.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Peugh ◽  
Sarah J. Beal ◽  
Meghan E. McGrady ◽  
Michael D. Toland ◽  
Constance Mara
Keyword(s):  
Count Data ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Longitudinal Count Data

scholarly journals Reducing Aggression by Developing Emotional and Inhibitory Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5263
Author(s):  
Miriam Romero-López ◽  
María Carmen Pichardo ◽  
Ana Justicia-Arráez ◽  
Judit Bembibre-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Emotional Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of a program on improving inhibitory and emotional control among children. In addition, it is assessed whether the improvement of these skills has an effect on the reduction of aggressive behavior in pre-school children. The participants were 100 children, 50 belonging to the control group and 50 to the experimental group, aged between 5 and 6 years. Pre-intervention and post-intervention measures of inhibitory and emotional control (BRIEF-P) and aggression (BASC) were taken. A Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis (GLMM) was performed and found that children in the experimental group scored higher on inhibitory and emotional control compared to their peers in the control group. In addition, these improvements have an effect on the decrease in aggressiveness. In conclusion, preventive research should have among its priorities the design of such program given their implications for psychosocial development.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Linear Mixed-Effects Models to Assess the Relationship between Objective and Subjective Internal Load in Team Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 392
Author(s):  
Alice Iannaccone ◽  
Daniele Conte ◽  
Cristina Cortis ◽  
Andrea Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Internal Load ◽  
Random Slopes ◽  
The Relationship

Internal load can be objectively measured by heart rate-based models, such as Edwards’ summated heart rate zones, or subjectively by session rating of perceived exertion. The relationship between internal loads assessed via heart rate-based models and session rating of perceived exertion is usually studied through simple correlations, although the Linear Mixed Model could represent a more appropriate statistical procedure to deal with intrasubject variability. This study aimed to compare conventional correlations and the Linear Mixed Model to assess the relationships between objective and subjective measures of internal load in team sports. Thirteen male youth beach handball players (15.9 ± 0.3 years) were monitored (14 training sessions; 7 official matches). Correlation coefficients were used to correlate the objective and subjective internal load. The Linear Mixed Model was used to model the relationship between objective and subjective measures of internal load data by considering each player individual response as random effect. Random intercepts were used and then random slopes were added. The likelihood-ratio test was used to compare statistical models. The correlation coefficient for the overall relationship between the objective and subjective internal data was very large (r = 0.74; ρ = 0.78). The Linear Mixed Model using both random slopes and random intercepts better explained (p < 0.001) the relationship between internal load measures. Researchers are encouraged to apply the Linear Mixed Models rather than correlation to analyze internal load relationships in team sports since it allows for the consideration of the individuality of players.

scholarly journals Changes in Dairy Cow Behavior with and without Assistance at Calving

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Bethan Cavendish ◽  
John McDonagh ◽  
Georgios Tzimiropoulos ◽  
Kimberley R. Slinger ◽  
Zoë J. Huggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Generalized Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Behavioral Patterns ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Time Periods

The aim of this study was to characterize calving behavior of dairy cows and to compare the duration and frequency of behaviors for assisted and unassisted dairy cows at calving. Behavioral data from nine hours prior to calving were collected for 35 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows. Cows were continuously monitored under 24 h video surveillance. The behaviors of standing, lying, walking, shuffle, eating, drinking and contractions were recorded for each cow until birth. A generalized linear mixed model was used to assess differences in the duration and frequency of behaviors prior to calving for assisted and unassisted cows. The nine hours prior to calving was assessed in three-hour time periods. The study found that the cows spent a large proportion of their time either lying (0.49) or standing (0.35), with a higher frequency of standing (0.36) and shuffle (0.26) bouts than other behaviors during the study. There were no differences in behavior between assisted and unassisted cows. During the three-hours prior to calving, the duration and bouts of lying, including contractions, were higher than during other time periods. While changes in behavior failed to identify an association with calving assistance, the monitoring of behavioral patterns could be used as an alert to the progress of parturition.

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