scholarly journals Growth, Carcass Traits, Blood Hematology, Serum Metabolites, Immunity, and Oxidative Indices of Growing Rabbits Fed Diets Supplemented with Red or Black Pepper Oils

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Abdelnour ◽  
Mahmoud Alagawany ◽  
Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack ◽  
Asmaa M. Sheiha ◽  
Islam M. Saadeldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Experiment ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Red Pepper Oil

The present study aimed to examine the impacts of the supplementation of red or black pepper oils to rabbit diet as growth promoters on New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits. One hundred and forty weaned NZW rabbits were divided randomly into seven groups in a completely randomized experiment using different quantities of red pepper oil (RPO; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg diet) or black pepper oil (BPO; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 g/kg diet), in addition to the control group. Compared to the control, values of live body weight (LBW) for rabbits fed either RPO or BPO enriched diets were greater. The concentrations of serum triglycerides and cholesterol were lower (p < 0.01) in the RPO- and BPO-treated groups than in the control. Immunity parameters and antioxidant indices were improved in treated groups in comparison to the control. Dietary RPO or BPO can affect some growth traits, improve immunity parameters and the antioxidant activity, and decrease the lipid profile and lipid peroxidation. The use of 0.5 g RPO/kg diet as a dietary supplement had a larger effect on growth parameters than the other treatment groups.

The Effects of Polysaccharide from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Supplementation on Exhaustive Exercise-Induced Fatigue

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
Chang Jun Li ◽  
Ang Li
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Gynostemma Pentaphyllum ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Exercise Induced

The present study aimed to determine the effects of polysaccharides from Gynostemma Pentaphyllum (PGP) supplementation on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in mice. The mice were divided into four experimental groups at random, i.e. control, low-dose PGP, medium-dose PGP, and high-dose PGP treatment groups. An oral administration of distilled water was given to the mice in the control group, and different doses of PGP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) were given to the mice in the treatment groups. After 28 days, the weight-loaded swimming test was performed, along with the determination of blood biochemical parameters, liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents. The results indicated that PGP supplementation had anti-fatigue effects, which could make mice swim for a longer time to exhaustion, with the blood lactic acid, serum urea nitrogen, serum triglycerides, and serum creatine kinase contents decreased, and the liver glycogen and muscle glycogen contents increased.

scholarly journals Effect of growth promoters (probiotics) supplementation on performance, rumen activity and some blood constituents in growing lambs

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 607-617
Author(s):  
H. Hillal ◽  
G. El-Sayaad ◽  
M. Abdella
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Live Body Weight

Abstract. The current study examined the effects of probiotics (Pronifer and More-yeast) supplementation to growing lambs. 25 crossbred (Osimi×Rahmani) growing lambs of about 6–8 months age and an average initial live body weight of 25 kg were used. Lambs divided into five groups (5 lambs for each group) and the experimental period lasted for 169 days. The control group T1 received concentrate feed mixture (CFM), group T2 and T3 received 1.5 and 3 kg Pronifer/Mg (megagram) CFM and group T4 and T5 received 2.5 and 5 kg More-yeast/ Mg CFM, respectively. Rumen liquor and blood samples were taken and digestibility trial was conducted at the end of the experiment. Results showed higher digestibility values for crude protein (P<0.05) in T3 and T4 when compared to control. Nutritive ratio was lower (P<0.05) in groups T3 and T4 than in group T2. More-yeast supplementation improved dry matter intake (P<0.001), while a reverse trend was observed with Pronifer supplementation. All treatments had little effect on ruminal liquor except ruminal ammonia concentration in T5 was lower (P<0.05) than other treatments. The differences in most blood plasma parameters due to treatment effect were not significant, except plasma urea and globulin concentrations increased (P<0.05) with T5 treatment. The obtained results appear to indicate that Moreyeast supplementation improved lambs performance and digestibility, whereas, Pronifer supplementation enhanced digestibility.

Chestnut tannins and their relationship in promoting broiler growth by altering the metabolic phenotype in the cecum.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annah Lee ◽  
Gabriela Cardoso Dal Pont ◽  
Stephanie Jarvis ◽  
Morgan B Farnell ◽  
Michele Battaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Phenotypic Alteration ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background As the demand for alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) increases in food animal production, phytobiotic compounds gain in popularity due to their ability to mimic the desirable bioactive properties of AGPs. Chestnut tannins (ChT) are one of many phytobiotic compounds utilized as feed additives, particularly in South America, for broiler chickens due to its favorable antimicrobial and growth promotion capabilities. While studies have observed the microbiological and immunological effects of ChT, there is a lack of studies evaluating the metabolic function of ChT in the host. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the cecal metabolic changes induced by ChT inclusion and how they relate to growth promotion. Results A total of 500 day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks were separated into five feed treatment groups: control, 1% ChT, 0.2% ChT, 0.08% ChT, and 0.03% ChT. The cecas from all the chicks in the treatment groups were collected on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-hatch. The cytokine mRNA qRT-PCR was determined using TaqMan gene expression assays for IL-1B, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IFN-γ quantification. The cytokine expression showed highly significant increased expressions of IL-6 and IL-10 on days 2 and 6, while the other pro-inflammatory cytokines did not have significantly increased expression. The results from the kinome array demonstrated that the cecas from birds fed with 1% ChT had significant (p < 0.05) metabolic alterations based on the number of peptides when compared to the control group across all days tested. Conclusions Based on the results, the increased expression of IL-6 appeared to be strongly indicative of altered metabolism while the increased expression of IL-10 indicated the regulatory effect against other pro-inflammatory cytokines other than IL-6. The ChTs initiate a metabolic mechanism during the first ten days in the broiler. For the first time, we show that a phytobiotic product initially modulates metabolism rather than immunity while also potentially supporting growth and feed efficiency downstream. In conclusion, an IL6-mediated immunometabolic phenotypic alteration in the ceca of chickens fed ChT may indicate the importance in the gut of enhanced broiler health.

scholarly journals The effect of treating growing gilts with either Ractopamine or Reporcin on pork characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
M.H.D. Mareko
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Beta Agonist ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ad Libitum

The pork industry is constantly seeking economical and sustainable strategies that will improve production efficiencies and meat quality. Such successful improvements will be of value even here in Botswana to improve food security. The evaluation of pork characteristics after use of these strategies is important. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of a beta-agonist (BA - Ractopamine) and porcine growth hormone (rpGH - Reporcin) on the pork characteristics of the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of adult gilts (starting weights of 85+5kg) treated for 27 days under three treatment groups (15 animals per treatment group). The control group was fed a standard commercial diet ad-libitum, while the beta-agonist (BA) group were also fed ad-libitum the standard commercial diet containing Ractopamine (20mg/kg) and the growth hormone (rpGH) group were fed the commercial diet ad-libitum and administered Reporcin (10mg) intramuscularly every other day until the day before slaughter. No significant differences were observed between treatment groups regarding the gilts’ carcass weights after 27 days of treatment (control – 81.98kg; BA – 86.97kg and rpHG – 84.51kg). However, LD muscle from gilts of the growth hormone (1.569%) and Ractopamine (1.502%) groups had significantly lower lipid content compared to the control group at 1.873% (p <0.001), but no significant differences were observed between groups regarding fatty acid profiles. The two growth promoters can thus be locally adopted for use to improve feed utilization, pork production and to lower lipid content in pork of growing gilts without deleteriously affecting fatty acid composition.

The effects and mechanisms of acids on the health of piglets and weaners – a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Nowak ◽  
Anita Zaworska-Zakrzewska ◽  
Andrzej Frankiewicz ◽  
Małgorzata Kasprowicz-Potocka
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Inorganic Acids ◽  
Low Activity ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe rearing of piglets is the most difficult period in the pigs’ production because of their poorly developed digestive system and the low activity of digestive enzymes. Problems in nutrition and stress cause some disorders in the functioning of the digestive system leading to diarrhea and the mortality of piglets. Starting in 2006 in the EU, a total ban on antibiotics in their use as growth promoters was introduced. Since then, new and safe feed additives have been sought in order to replace antibiotics. Organic and inorganic acids as well as their salts were recognized as effective and safe additives. Due to their properties, they can improve feed palatability and digestibility, reduce the buffer capacity of feed, impact the development and functioning of the pig’s digestive system and improve the health and growth parameters. However, the effectiveness of acids is related to their qualitative and quantitative share in the feed additive. In this review, some strategies for using organic acids, their mixtures and also some new multi-component products will be discussed.

Changes of IL-4 and IFN-g expression in monocytes and T-helper lymphocytes while modeling of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
В.Н. Сахаров ◽  
П.Ф. Литвицкий ◽  
Е.И. Алексеева ◽  
Н.А. Маянский ◽  
Р.Ш. Закиров
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
T Helpers

Цель исследования - изучение перепрограммирования мононуклеарных лейкоцитов на модели системного ювенильного идиопатического артрита (сЮИА), воспроизводимой у крыс Wistar с использованием полного адъюванта Фрейнда и липополисахарида. Методика. сЮИА воспроизведен у 6-месячных крыс-самцов Wistar. На 40-е сут. эксперимента животные были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа - контроль; 2-я - группа доксициклина; 3-я - группа дексаметазона. Взятие проб крови у животных проводили на нулевые, 41-е и 55-е сут. Мононуклеарные клетки периферической крови выделяли гравиметрически, после чего окрашивали их на маркеры и внутриклеточные цитокины. Дифференцировали моноциты (CD3-CD4+) и Т-хелперы (CD3+CD4+). Анализировали динамику внутриклеточной экспрессии интерлейкина IL-4 (рассматривали как маркер про-М2 фенотипа, так как в случае выделения из клетки ИЛ-4 служит стимулятором М2 поляризации макрофагов) и IFN-g (как маркер про-М1 фенотипа) по данным проточной цитофлуориметрии. Применяли непараметрический статистический тест Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon в программе R для статистической обработки данных. Результаты и заключение. При моделировании сЮИА выявлено закономерное изменение фенотипа моноцитов. Применение же доксициклина и дексаметазона приводило к более ранней поляризации их по про-М2-пути в отношении моноцитов (на 41-е сут.) в сравнении с контролем. Про-М1 эффект (на 55-е сут., в сравнении с контролем) выявлен также в группах доксициклина и дексаметазона. У животных разных групп обнаружены характерные динамические изменения внутриклеточной экспрессии цитокинов. Важно, что различная направленность поляризации фенотипа при сЮИА и применении препаратов наблюдается не только у моноцитов, но и у Т-хелперов. The study objective was to evaluate targeted reprogramming of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) modeled in 6-month-old male Wistar rats by co-administration of complete Freund’s adjuvant and lipopolysaccharide. Methods. On day 40 of the experiment, rats were divided into three groups: control, doxycycline, and dexamethasone groups. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 41, and 55. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated gravimetrically and stained for markers and cytokines. Monocytes (CD3-CD4+) and T-helpers (CD3+CD4+) were differentiated as target cells. IL-4 was considered a marker for the pro-M2 phenotype since IL-4 can activate M2 macrophage polarization; IFN-g was considered a marker for the pro-M1 phenotype. Time-related changes in the intracellular expression of IL-4 and IFN-g were studied using flow cytometry. Data were analyzed using nonparametric statistical tests (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon) in the R environment for statistical computing. Results and conclusions. Monocytes (like macrophages) underwent reprogramming during the development of modeled sJIA disease. In monocytes of doxycycline and dexamethasone treatment groups, pro-M2 effects were observed earlier (day 41) than in the control group. Pro-M1 effects were observed in monocytes of doxycycline and dexamethasone groups on day 55, as compared with the control group. Characteristic time-related changes of intracellular cytokine expression were described for different groups. Importantly, the differently directed phenotype polarization was observed in sJIA and treatment groups for both monocytes and T-helpers.

Mechanism Involved in Fortification by Berberine in CDDP-Induced Nephrotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vipin K. Verma ◽  
Salma Malik ◽  
Ekta Mutneja ◽  
Anil K. Sahu ◽  
Kumari Rupashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: The activation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway has been shown to protect against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress. Berberine (Ber), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities in various experimental models. Aim: To check the effect of Ber on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and to explore the involved mechanism. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Normal, cisplatin-control, treatment groups and per se group. Normal saline and Ber (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; p.o.) was administered to rats for 10 days. A single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected on 7th day to induced nephrotoxicity. On 10th day, rats were sacrificed, the kidney was removed and stored for the estimation of various parameters. Results: As compared to cisplatin-control group, Ber pretreatment improved renal function system and preserved renal architecture. It also diminished oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2/HO-1 proteins. In addition, Ber attenuated the cisplatin mediated inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it also reduced the phosphorylation of p38/JNK and PARP/Beclin-1 expression in the kidney. Conclusion: Ber attenuated renal injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibiting JNK/p38MAPKs/ PARP/Beclin-1 expression which prevented oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy in renal tissue.

Efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch Plus Protocol for Improvement of Fertility in Postpartum Sahiwal Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Lakher ◽  
M. K. Awasthi ◽  
J. R. Khan ◽  
M. R. Poyam
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group I ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sahiwal Cows ◽  
And Control

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol in postpartum (day 60) Sahiwal cows (n=18). Animals were randomly divided into three equal groups, viz., Ovsynch group Ovsynch plus group and Control group. Animals of group I (n = 6) were treated with traditional Ovsynch protocol. The animals (n = 6) of group II were treated with Ovsynch plus protocol which consisted of an initial intramuscular injection of eCG (Folligon) @ 250 IU on day 60 postpartum followed 3 days later by GPG (Ovsynch) protocol. In group-III Control, no treatment was given to animals (n = 6). Treated animals were inseminated at a fixed time between 14 and 20 hrs after second GnRH injection, irrespective of estrus detection. Blood samples were collected from each animal on days 50 and 60 postpartum to determine the status of cyclicity in animals based on serum concentrations of progesterone (P4). A third blood sample was collected on the day of prostaglandin treatment to determine the response of first GnRH injection. Four animals each were cyclic, and two were acyclic in both treatment groups. Four animals each responded to first GnRH treatment in both treatment groups. Similarly, two animals each got conceived giving conception rate of 50% (2/4) in each treatment. In the control group, one out of 6 animals got conceived yielding 16.66 % conception rate (1/6) during the study period. It may be thus concluded that Ovsynch and Ovsynch plus protocol may be used during the early postpartum period to improve the reproductive efficiency in postpartum Sahiwal cows.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effects of Exogenous Proline on Photosynthetic Attributes, Nutrients Uptake, and Oxidative Stresses under Cadmium in Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan L.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Jafar Khan ◽  
Asif Khan ◽  
Shakir Ullah ◽  
Shahid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Exogenous Proline ◽  
Photosynthetic Attributes

Proline plays a significant role in the plant response to stress conditions. However, its role in alleviating metal-induced stresses remains elusive. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the ameliorative role of exogenous proline on cadmium-induced inhibitory effects in pigeon pea subjected to different Cd treatments (4 and 8 mg/mL). Cadmium treatments reduced photosynthetic attributes, decreased chlorophyll contents, disturbed nutrient uptake, and affected growth traits. The elevated activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), in association with relatively high contents of hydrogen peroxide, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, electrolyte leakage, and endogenous proline, was measured. Exogenous proline application (3 and 6 mM) alleviated cadmium-induced oxidative damage. Exogenous proline increased antioxidant enzyme activities and improved photosynthetic attributes, nutrient uptake (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+), and growth parameters in cadmium-stressed pigeon pea plants. Our results reveal that proline supplementation can comprehensively alleviate the harmful effects of cadmium on pigeon pea plants.

scholarly journals Effects of long-acting, broad spectra anthelmintic treatments on the rumen microbial community compositions of grazing sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina D. Moon ◽  
Luis Carvalho ◽  
Michelle R. Kirk ◽  
Alan F. McCulloch ◽  
Sandra Kittelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Methanobrevibacter Ruminantium ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Long Acting

AbstractAnthelmintic treatment of adult ewes is widely practiced to remove parasite burdens in the expectation of increased ruminant productivity. However, the broad activity spectra of many anthelmintic compounds raises the possibility of impacts on the rumen microbiota. To investigate this, 300 grazing ewes were allocated to treatment groups that included a 100-day controlled release capsule (CRC) containing albendazole and abamectin, a long-acting moxidectin injection (LAI), and a non-treated control group (CON). Rumen bacterial, archaeal and protozoal communities at day 0 were analysed to identify 36 sheep per treatment with similar starting compositions. Microbiota profiles, including those for the rumen fungi, were then generated for the selected sheep at days 0, 35 and 77. The CRC treatment significantly impacted the archaeal community, and was associated with increased relative abundances of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanosphaera sp. ISO3-F5, and Methanomassiliicoccaceae Group 12 sp. ISO4-H5 compared to the control group. In contrast, the LAI treatment increased the relative abundances of members of the Veillonellaceae and resulted in minor changes to the bacterial and fungal communities by day 77. Overall, the anthelmintic treatments resulted in few, but highly significant, changes to the rumen microbiota composition.

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