scholarly journals Thermography as a Non-Invasive Measure of Stress and Fear of Humans in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Cannas ◽  
Clara Palestrini ◽  
Elisabetta Canali ◽  
Bruno Cozzi ◽  
Nicola Ferri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Contact

No data have been published on the use of infrared thermography (IRT) to evaluate sheep emotions. We assessed whether this technique can be used as a non-invasive measure of negative emotions. Two voluntary animal approach (VAA) tests were conducted (and filmed) on five ewes before and after being restrained. The restraining process was performed by a handler for five minutes. IRT was used during restraint and the VAA tests. The lacrimal caruncle temperature was significantly higher during restraint and in the VAA test after the restraint compared with the VAA test before the restraint (Wilcoxon’s test; p = 0.04). The latency period until first contact was longer in the second VAA test (132 s) than in the first one (60 s). Our preliminary results suggest that IRT, combined with behavioral data, is a non-invasive technique that can be useful to assess stress and infer about negative emotions in sheep.

scholarly journals In vivo contactless brain stimulation via non-invasive and targeted delivery of magnetoelectric nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Nguyen ◽  
Jianhua Gao ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Abhignyan Nagesetti ◽  
Peter Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Brain Region ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradient ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation is valuable for studying neural circuits and treating various neurological disorders in humans. However, the current technologies usually have low spatial and temporal precision and poor brain penetration, which greatly limit their application. A new class of nanoparticles known as magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) can be navigated to a targeted brain region with a magnetic field and is highly efficient in converting an externally applied magnetic wave into local electric fields for neuronal activity modulation. Here we developed a new method to fabricate MENs of CoFe2O4-BaTiO3 core-shell structure that had excellent magneto-electrical coupling properties. Using calcium imaging of organotypic and acute cortical slices from GCaMP6s transgenic mice, we demonstrated their efficacy in reliably evoking neuronal responses with a short latency period. For in vivo non-invasive delivery of MENs to brain, fluorescently labeled MENs were intravenously injected and guided to pass through the blood brain barrier to a targeted brain region by applying a magnetic field gradient. A magnetic field (∼450 Oe at 10 Hz) applied to mouse brain was able to reliably evoke cortical activities, as revealed by in vivo two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals at both cellular and global network levels. The effect was further confirmed by the increased number of c-Fos expressing cells after stimulation. Neither brain delivery of MENs nor the subsequent magnetic stimulation caused any significant increases in the numbers of GFAP and IBA1 positive astrocytes and microglia in the brain. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using MENs as a novel efficient and non-invasive technique of contactless deep brain stimulation that may have great potential for translation.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Acupressure Therapy in Lowering Blood Pressure in Patients with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Zubaidah Zubaidah ◽  
Insana Maria ◽  
Rusdiana Rusdiana ◽  
Iis Pusparina ◽  
Raihana Norfitri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that affected on health in the adult age group. Acupressure therapy that can improve blood circulation for people with hypertension. Acupressure therapy can be an alternative treatment option to lower blood pressure and can meet the needs of society in reducing pharmacological therapy. The study was to determine the effect of Acupressure on changes in blood pressure of hypertension sufferers.Method: This study used pre-experimental design. The number of respondents was 15 people with consecutive sampling technique. The research variable is acupressure therapy. While the dependent variable is blood pressure. The data collected are primary data using observation sheets and blood pressure measured with a tensimeter and a stethoscope before and after the intervention. Therapy is done 3 times for 3 three days.Results: The results of the study showed that there was an effect of changes in blood pressure before and after being given acupressure therapy with p = 0.046 and p = 0.003.Conclusion: Acupressure is a simple non-invasive technique that nurses can perform independently. These findings suggest that acupressure can reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension. The further research regarding acupressure therapy for other diseases besides hypertension.

scholarly journals Thoracic electrical bioimpedance in the follow-up of patients with cardiovascular disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Vesna Stojanov ◽  
Mirko Saranovic ◽  
Branko Jakovljevic ◽  
Katarina Paunovic
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Thoracic Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Low Amplitude

Thoracic electrical bioimpedance is a new non-invasive technique for obtaining haemodynamic parameters. The method involves the passing of low amperage, high frequency current through the thorax. The current induces a change of resistance within the thorax, which is registered by electrodes. The overall impedance of the thorax is a measure of the electrical resistance of the thorax to this high frequency, low amplitude current. In clinical practice, thoracic electrical bioimpedance has been applied in diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic use in patients with heart failure and hypertension, patients with pacemakers, within the scope of early diagnosis of implant rejection following heart transplantation, as well as in patients with kidney disorders, before and after dialysis. However, one of its most important applications is in the determination of antihypertensive therapy, because it provides the parameters that reflect the genesis of arterial blood pressure, in assessing these parameters, optimal therapy adjusted to the haemodynamic status of each patient can be prescribed.

scholarly journals Infrared thermography analysis with a low-cost camera in plaster sculptures of museum collections

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Rui Bordalo ◽  
Salomé Carvalho ◽  
José Guilherme Abreu ◽  
Eduarda Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Large Structures ◽  
Active Infrared Thermography ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Suitable Technique

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-destructive and non-invasive technique that provides the possibility to investigate the surface of sculptures for the detection of subsurface features and anomalies such as delamination, layer structure, fillings, and defects. IRT has been widely used in buildings and large structures, as well as in works of art such as bronze sculptures and paintings. This article describes the application of active infrared thermography, using a portable low-cost IRT camera, in the examination of plaster sculptures, a material where it has not yet been applied to. In particular, it was used in two plaster sculptures by 19th-century Portuguese artist Soares dos Reis, within a wider project (GEO-SR) aimed at the study of his work. The results indicate that thermography is a suitable technique with a great potential to detect alterations under the surface of plaster, revealing a new look into its manufacturing and conservation.

scholarly journals The utility of surgeon performed transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound for the assessment of vocal cords in post-thyroidectomy patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhalapathy Sadacharan ◽  
Jabamalai Ferdinant ◽  
Kaharin Rakeshchandru ◽  
Sundarram Thalavai
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Endocrine Surgery ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: Post-thyroidectomy vocal cord palsy is a significant procedure associated complication and a notable contributor for medico-legal litigation. The standard technique for vocal cord evaluation and the most commonly used tool is direct laryngoscopy. Endocrine surgeons generally address the patients to otolaryngologist for laryngoscopy, leading to extra expense and time loss. Laryngoscopy causes patient annoyance and could potentially contribute to poor patient compliance. Ultrasonography is a non-invasive technique that is regularly used by endocrine surgeons to examine the thyroid region.Methods: A prospective study conducted on patients who underwent thyroidectomy between September 2016 and August 2017 at endocrine surgery department in a tertiary care institute (South India), Surgeon performed ultrasound (SPU) and Video laryngoscopy (VDL) was performed before and after elective thyroidectomy.Results: 155 patients who consented were categorized in the study, 2 of the patients included in the study had preoperative vocal cord palsy and 12 of them had unilateral postoperative vocal cord palsy detected using VDL. In general, the postoperative vocal cord palsy rate was 6.45%. Postoperative SPU was ineffective in assessing vocal cords in 16(10.32%) of patients. SPU had a sensitivity of 83.33% and negative predictive value of 97.90%, for the visualization of vocal cords in the postoperative period.Conclusions: SPU is convenient and non-invasive technique which could provide our speciality with cheap yet powerful diagnostic tool for vocal cord assessment in post-thyroidectomy patients and can potentially decrease the requirement of difficult and cumbersome VDL.

Objective non-invasive technique for quantification of superficial varicose veins

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R de Zeeuw ◽  
H J Noordmans ◽  
R M Verdaasdonk ◽  
C H A Wittens
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Non-invasive methods for imaging varicose veins allow quantification and evaluation of venous diseases. This paper will describe a technique to visualize superficial (subdermal) varicose veins using digital infrared imaging and analysis with special software. Method: After image acquisition, the pictures were analysed with special software that segmented the varicose veins and calculated the surface area (per gridblock) occupied by varicose veins. By comparing the surfaces occupied by varices before and after a specific treatment, one can establish which treatment method performs the best. Aim for the future: Validation of this technique and quantification of the effects of treatment modalities for superficial (subdermal) varicose veins. We also investigate the use of this technique for the other clinical CEAP stages and the potential resemblance with duplex scanning.

scholarly journals Magentite particles change electrical properties of a porcine heart tissue

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Michelle Solis-Rojas ◽  
Gustavo Moreno González-Teran ◽  
Christian Gómez-Solis ◽  
Rosario Galindo-González ◽  
José Marco Balleza-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Porcine Heart ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Magnetite Particles

Objectives. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a harmless non-invasive technique that allows to measure and monitor different physiological parameters. One of the problems with establishing new procedures based on EIS is difficulty to distinguish between tissue types. For that reason, our research group have decided to assess a possibility to use nanomagnetite as a contrast medium in EIS procedures. In this work we present characterization the electrical properties of a porcine heart tissue by EIS using a magnetite particles suspension as contrast medium. Methodology. SP-150 from BioLogic Science Instruments was used as EIS equipment. Porcine heart tissue was used as biological tissue. Nanomagnetite particles were synthetized by coprecipitation and combustion methods and named NM1 and NM2, respectively. EIS device was connected at each ventricle through four hypodermic needles (38mm). Left and right ventricle was injected with NM1 and NM2 particles, respectively. Impedance measurements were acquired for each ventricle before and after the injection. Contribution. Both samples of magnetite nanoparticles were able to change electrical properties of heart tissue. Studies in vivo must be performed in order to confirm the conclusion.

scholarly journals Clinical Applications and Factors Involved in Validating Thermal Windows Used in Infrared Thermography in Cattle and River Buffalo to Assess Health and Productivity

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2247
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Alfredo M. F. Pereira ◽  
Dehua Wang ◽  
Julio Martínez-Burnes ◽  
Marcelo Ghezzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Skin Thickness ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Comfort Levels ◽  
Production Animals

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-ionizing, non-invasive technique that permits evaluating the comfort levels of animals, a topic of concern due to the growing interest in determining the state of health and welfare of production animals. The operating principle of IRT is detecting the heat irradiated in anatomical regions characterized by a high density of near-surface blood vessels that can regulate temperature gain or loss from/to the environment by modifying blood flow. This is essential for understanding the various vascular thermoregulation mechanisms of different species, such as rodents and ruminants’ tails. The usefulness of ocular, nasal, and vulvar thermal windows in the orbital (regio orbitalis), nasal (regio nasalis), and urogenital (regio urogenitalis) regions, respectively, has been demonstrated in cattle. However, recent evidence for the river buffalo has detected discrepancies in the data gathered from distinct thermal regions in these large ruminants, suggesting a limited sensitivity and specificity when used with this species due to various factors: the presence of hair, ambient temperature, and anatomical features, such as skin thickness and variations in blood supplies to different regions. In this review, a literature search was conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, using keyword combinations that included “infrared thermography”, “water buffalo”, “river buffalo” “thermoregulation”, “microvascular changes”, “lacrimal caruncle”, “udder”, “mastitis”, and “nostril”. We discuss recent findings on four thermal windows—the orbital and nasal regions, mammary gland in the udder region (regio uberis), and vulvar in the urogenital region (regio urogenitalis)—to elucidate the factors that modulate and intervene in validating thermal windows and interpreting the information they provide, as it relates to the clinical usefulness of IRT for cattle (Bos) and the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).

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