scholarly journals Developmental Change of Yolk Microbiota and Its Role on Early Colonization of Intestinal Microbiota in Chicken Embryo

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Peng Ding ◽  
Huichao Liu ◽  
Yueyue Tong ◽  
Xi He ◽  
Xin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Change ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Neonatal Chicks

Although the fertilized eggs were found to contain microbes in early studies, the detailed composition of yolk microbiota and its influence on embryo intestinal microbiota have not been satisfactorily examined yet. In this study, the yolk microbiota was explored by using 16s rRNA sequencing at different developmental stages of the broiler embryo. The results showed that the relative abundance of yolk microbiota was barely changed during embryogenesis. According to the KEGG analysis, the yolk microbiota were functionally related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolisms during chicken embryogenesis. The yolk microbiota influences the embryonic intestinal microbiota through increasing the colonization of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes in the intestine, particularly. The intestinal microbes of neonatal chicks showed higher proportions of Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Coprococcus, Dorea, and Roseburia compared to the embryonic intestinal microbiota. Our findings might give a better understanding of the composition and developmental change of yolk microbiota and its roles in shaping the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Alterations in intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, and function in patients with sarcopenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Kang ◽  
Pengtao Li ◽  
Danyang Wang ◽  
Taihao Wang ◽  
Dong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
And Function

Abstract16S rRNA sequencing of human fecal samples has been tremendously successful in identifying microbiome changes associated with both aging and disease. A number of studies have described microbial alterations corresponding to physical frailty and nursing home residence among aging individuals. A gut-muscle axis through which the microbiome influences skeletal muscle growth/function has been hypothesized. However, the microbiome has yet to be examined in sarcopenia. Here, we collected fecal samples of 60 healthy controls (CON) and 27 sarcopenic (Case)/possibly sarcopenic (preCase) individuals and analyzed the intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We observed an overall reduction in microbial diversity in Case and preCase samples. The genera Lachnospira, Fusicantenibacter, Roseburia, Eubacterium, and Lachnoclostridium—known butyrate producers—were significantly less abundant in Case and preCase subjects while Lactobacillus was more abundant. Functional pathways underrepresented in Case subjects included numerous transporters and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis suggesting that protein processing and nutrient transport may be impaired. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis was overrepresented in Case and PreCase subjects suggesting that sarcopenia is associated with a pro-inflammatory metagenome. These analyses demonstrate structural and functional alterations in the intestinal microbiota that may contribute to loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in sarcopenia.

WITHDRAWN: Evaluating the association between body weight and the intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets via 16S rRNA sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon Goo Han ◽  
Jun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Gwi-Deuk Jin ◽  
Jongbin Park ◽  
Yo Han Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

scholarly journals The Effects of Ketamine on the Gut Microbiome on CD1 Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha A Gerb ◽  
Ryan J Dashek ◽  
Aaron C Ericsson ◽  
Rachel Griffin ◽  
Craig L Franklin
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Final Dose ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Ketamine Hcl

The intestinal microbiota of an organism can significantly alter outcome data in otherwise identical experiments. Occasionally,animals may require sedation or anesthesia for scientific or health-related purposes, and certain anesthetics, suchas ketamine, can profoundly affect the gastrointestinal system. While many factors can alter the gut microbiome (GM), theeffects of anesthetics on the composition or diversity of the GM have not been established. The goal of the current study wasto determine whether daily administration of ketamine would significantly alter the microbiome of CD1 mice. To achievethis goal, female CD1 mice received daily injections of ketamine HCl (100 mg/kg) or the equivalent volume of 0.9% salinefor 10 consecutive days. Fecal samples were collected before the first administration and 24 h after the final dose of eitherketamine or saline. Samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing to identify changes between groups in diversity orcomposition of GM. The study found no significant changes to the GM after serial ketamine administration when treatedmice were housed with controls. Therefore, ketamine administration is unlikely to alter the GM of a CD1 mouse and should not serve be a confounding factor in reproducibility of research.

scholarly journals Si-Wu-Tang ameliorates fibrotic liver injury via modulating intestinal microbiota and bile acid homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyong Xue ◽  
Jianzhi Wu ◽  
Mingning Ding ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Fei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Fibrotic Liver ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Abstract Background Fibrotic liver injury is a progressive scarring event, which may permanently affect liver function and progress into devastating end-stage liver diseases due to the absence of effective therapies. Si-Wu-Tang (SWT), a traditional Chinese medicine formula used in clinic to treat gynecological disorders for centuries, has been investigated in recent preliminary findings for its role in alleviating chronic liver diseases. Here we aim to elucidate the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of SWT against fibrotic liver injury. Methods UHPLC-MS/MS was performed to investigate the chemical characterization of SWT. After intragastrically administered with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) every 3 days for 1-week, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered with SWT (5.2, 10.4 and 20.8 g/kg) once daily for 3 weeks along with CCl4 challenge. Liver function was determined by the measurement of serum biomarkers, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson’s trichrome staining. Intestinal inflammatory infiltration and the disruption of intestinal barrier were examined by H&E and E-cadherin immunohistochemical staining. The microbial composition of intestinal content was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. Serum bile acids (BAs) profiling was analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Simultaneously, the expression of genes of interest was determined by qPCR and western blot. Results SWT exhibited remarkable therapeutic effects on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, as indicated by improved collagen accumulation in livers, intestinal barrier injury and hepatic and intestinal inflammatory response. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that SWT treatment strikingly restructured intestinal microbiota in fibrotic mice by increasing the relative abundances of Bacteroides and Lachnoclostridium and decreasing the relative abundances of Alistipes and Rikenellaceae. UHPLC-MS/MS data suggested that SWT altered the composition of BAs in circulation as evidenced by increased unconjugated BAs like cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid but decreased conjugated BAs including taurocholic acid and taurodeoxycholic acid, compared to that in CCl4 mice. Notably, SWT efficiently improved the imbalance of BA homeostasis in livers caused by CCl4 via activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 15 enterohepatic and FXR-small heterodimer partner hepatic pathways. Conclusion SWT decreased inflammatory response, reconstructed gut microbiota-mediated BA homeostasis as well as activated FXR pathways, which eventually protected against CCl4-induced fibrotic liver injury.

Evaluating the association between body weight and the intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets via 16S rRNA sequencing

2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (14) ◽  
pp. 5903-5911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon Goo Han ◽  
Jun-Yeong Lee ◽  
Gwi-Deuk Jin ◽  
Jongbin Park ◽  
Yo Han Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Evaluation of the nutrition and function of cow and goat milk based on intestinal microbiota by metagenomic analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2320-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxia Wang ◽  
Shuaiming Jiang ◽  
Chenchen Ma ◽  
Dongxue Huo ◽  
Qiannan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
And Function

A high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology was applied to study changes of the intestinal microbiota in mice after the administration of cow and goat milk. We show a correlation between the gut microbiota and the nutrients in milk.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Anxiety/Depressive-Like Behaviors and Improvement of Cognitive Functions by Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 in Chronically Stressed Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xuan Sun ◽  
Hong-Fei Zhang ◽  
Chao-Lin Ma ◽  
Hua Wei ◽  
Bao-Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
16S Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Background. Intestinal microorganisms play an important role in regulating the neurodevelopment and the brain functions of the host through the gut-brain axis. Lactobacillus, one of the most representative intestinal probiotics, produces important effects on human physiological functions. Our previous studies reveal that the Lactobacillus plantarum WLPL04 has a series of beneficial actions, such as antiadhesion of pathogens, protection from the harmful effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and anti-inflammatory stress on Caco2 cells. However, its effects on brain functions remain unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the potential effect of L. plantarum WLPL04 on anxiety/depressive-like behaviors in chronically restrained mice. Methods. Newly weaned mice were exposed to chronic restraint stress for four weeks and raised daily with or without L. plantarum WLPL04 water supplement. Animals were behaviorally assessed for anxiety/depression and cognitive functions. The 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the intestinal microbiota structure. The levels of the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were examined using Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The chronic stress-induced anxiety/depressive-like behaviors and cognitive deficits were significantly alleviated by the L. plantarum WLPL04 treatment. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that the chronic stress reduced the diversity and the richness of intestinal microbiota, which were rescued by the L. plantarum WLPL04 treatment. The levels of BDNF and TrkB in the mPFC and the concentration of 5-HT in the serum remained unchanged in chronically restrained mice treated with the L. plantarum WLPL04. Conclusions. The L. plantarum WLPL04 can rescue anxiety/depressive-like behaviors and cognitive dysfunctions, reverse the abnormal change in intestinal microbiota, and alleviate the reduced levels of 5-HT, BDNF, and TrkB induced by chronic stress in mice, providing an experimental basis for the therapeutic application of L. plantarum on anxiety/depression.

scholarly journals Effect of Antibiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yuan Xiao ◽  
Shuang Ma ◽  
Xinqiong Wang ◽  
Yiran Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Kegg Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Method ◽  
Rrna Sequencing

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the effect of antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiota in children with chronic pancreatitis (CCP). Our objective was to identify the main gut microbiota genera and characterize these patients’ functional mutations after using antibiotics.METHODS: The 16S rRNA sequencing method was used to compare the gut microbiota of healthy controls (HCs) with CCP using and not using antibiotics.RESULTS: All CCP demonstrated a significantly reduced alpha diversity of the gut microbiota (P＜0.01). The gut microbiota's alpha diversity and the abundance of genera’s beta diversity did not show statistical differences between the non-antibiotics and antibiotics groups. There were 15 altered genera with common abundance in the non-antibiotics and antibiotics groups compared to the HC group. The area under the curve (AUC) of the top three probiotics, i.e., Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, and Subdoligranulum, was 0.91. Among the 13 genera altered in the non-antibiotics group, the top three genera were not appropriate as biomarkers for cases receiving antibiotics. Compared to these 13 genera, the differences between the genera and the proportion of gram-positive bacteria in the 17 genera altered only in the antibiotics group were not statistically significant. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the antibiotics caused alterations in the abundance of certain genera. The enriched functions and the altered gut microbiota in the two groups had their enriched functions.CONCLUSIONS: The use of antibiotics affects the gut microbiota of CCP, but the effect of disease on gut microbiota is still obvious.

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