scholarly journals Low-Intensity, High-Frequency Grazing Strategy Increases Herbage Production and Beef Cattle Performance on Sorghum Pastures

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Thales Baggio Portugal ◽  
Leonardo Silvestri Szymczak ◽  
Anibal de Moraes ◽  
Lidiane Fonseca ◽  
Jean Carlos Mezzalira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Herbage Intake

We assessed the effects of high-intensity and low-frequency (HILF) vs. low-intensity and high-frequency (LIHF) grazing on herbage production and performance of beef cattle grazing sorghum pastures. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with two treatments and four replicates (paddocks), carried out in 2014/15. The management target of 50 and 30 cm for pre- and post-grazing, respectively, a LIHF grazing management strategy oriented to maximize beef cattle herbage intake per unit time, was compared with a HILF grazing management strategy of 80 and 20 cm for pre- and post-grazing, respectively, aiming to maximize herbage accumulation and harvest efficiency. Sixteen Brangus steers of 15-month-old and 265 ± 21 kg of live weight (LW) were randomly distributed to paddocks (experimental units). The LIHF resulted in shorter rest periods when compared with the HILF. The greater leaf lamina mass in LIHF allowed greater sward light interception at post-grazing, resulting in greater total herbage production than HILF (7581 and 4154 kg DM/ha, respectively). The average daily gain (ADG) of steers was greater for the LIHF than for the HILF treatment (0.950 and 0.702 kg/animal, respectively); however, even with a greater stocking rate in the HILF, there was no difference for LW gain per ha, with an average of 4 kg LW/ha/day. Our findings demonstrated that the LIHF strategy that is based on offering to the animals an optimal sward structure to favor the maximum herbage intake rate fosters greater herbage production, harvesting efficiency, and ADG without compromising LW gain per area of beef steers, despite the lower herbage harvested per stocking cycle.

THE EFFECT OF HIGH AND LOW FREQUENCY CORTICAL STIMULATION WITH A FIXED OR A POISSON DISTRIBUTED INTERPULSE INTERVAL ON CORTICAL EXCITABILITY IN RATS

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1430005 ◽  
Author(s):  
INE BUFFEL ◽  
ALFRED MEURS ◽  
ROBRECHT RAEDT ◽  
VEERLE DE HERDT ◽  
LEEN DECORTE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Refractory Epilepsy ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cortical Stimulation ◽  
Interpulse Interval ◽  
Motor Cortex Stimulation ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
Neocortical Epilepsy

Neurostimulation is a promising treatment for refractory epilepsy. We studied the effect of cortical stimulation with different parameters in the rat motor cortex stimulation model. High intensity simulation (threshold for motor response - 100 μA), high frequency (130 Hz) stimulation during 1 h decreased cortical excitability, irrespective of the interpulse interval used (fixed or Poisson distributed). Low intensity (10 μA) and/or low frequency (5 Hz) stimulation had no effect. Cortical stimulation appears promising for the treatment of neocortical epilepsy if frequency and intensity are high enough.

scholarly journals Changes in Electroencephalography by Modulation of Interferential Current Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6028
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyoun Cho ◽  
Seon-Chil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Stimulation Level ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Interferential Current

Interferential current (IFC) stimulation can alter pain perception. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IFC stimulation on motor cortex signals and observe how electroencephalography changes depend on IFC stimulation parameters. Forty-five healthy adults were divided into high frequency (HF)–low intensity (LI), HF–high intensity (HI), and low frequency (LF)–HI groups to compare their electroencephalography before, immediately after, and 30 min after current stimulation. The changes in relative beta power according to the intervention time showed significant differences between the HF–LI and HF–HI, as well as the LF–HI and HF–HI, groups in the C3 and P3 regions immediately after IFC stimulation. Similarly, the gamma band showed significant differences according to the intervention time between the LF–HI and HF–HI groups in the P3 region immediately following IFC intervention. For relative theta power, the interaction between group and time was significantly different in the Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, and P4 regions. Based on these results, we were able to map the activation in cerebral cortex regions according to the stimulation level, confirming changes in electroencephalogram activation through peripheral nerve stimulation. This study provides a foundation for future applications for selectively controlling feedback at a proper stimulation level in young adults.

scholarly journals Frequent handling of grazing beef cattle maintained under the rotational stocking method improves temperament over time

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria C. Ceballos ◽  
Karen Camille R. Góis ◽  
Aline C. Sant'Anna ◽  
Mateus J. R. Paranhos da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Flight Speed ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Reactivity Score

Our aims were to assess the effects of handling frequency on temperament evolution in cattle kept under rotational stocking method (RSM), as well as to compare the temperament of animals maintained under rotational versus alternate stocking (ASM) methods. We evaluated 4256 males raised on pasture from four private properties (Farms 1–4), for a total of 9628 observations. The study was divided into two complementary approaches. In the first one, monthly visits were conducted at 35-day intervals to assess the cattle temperament (n = 1979) raised on grazing system using RSM, while, in the second approach, we evaluated the temperament of cattle (n = 3600) kept under two different stocking methods, namely, (1) RSM (n = 2007), characterised by a high frequency of animal handling and a 4-day grazing period, and (2) ASM (n = 1593), characterised by a low frequency of handling and a 20-day grazing period. Composite reactivity score (RS), and flight speed (FS) were considered as temperament indicators. Reductions of RS and FS means were observed during successive assessments under RSM. Significant effects of stocking method on FS (P < 0.05) and RS (P < 0.01) were found, with lower FS and RS means for animals under RSM than for those under ASM. In conclusion, the frequent handling in the rotational stocking method favoured the improvement of cattle temperament over time, with lower levels of reactivity among cattle raised under this stocking method than with animals raised under the alternate stocking method.

scholarly journals Sound Performances of Partition Board from Waste Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 920 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
U Kassim ◽  
S A Nur ◽  
M N Kamarudin ◽  
M A Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Reduction Coefficient

Abstract This study is on the sound performances of a selected number of partition boards in Industrialised Building System (IBS) buildings. The proposed bespoke board were made from squandered or waste materials, namely, coconut shells and newspapers. Each board had been tested for six different distances from the speaker in four different levels of sound, changing the level of the sound frequency. Thereon, the results were analysed. The average result of each board with various distances from the sound source, starting from 0 cm to 220 cm, was combined into under one sound level. The percentage of the noise reduction coefficient is designated by the vertical line whereas the levels of the sound is designated by the horizontal line. Point 1 stands for the low frequency and low intensity test. Point 2 stands for low frequency and high intensity test. The board that is being made of 80% coconut shell, 15% cement and 5% newspaper has an average of noise reduction coefficient of 0.21 in low frequency and low intensity, 0.21 in low frequency and high intensity, 0.24 in high frequency, high intensity and 0.12 in high frequency low intensity.

PSIV-8 Effect of pre-grazing herbage mass, post-grazing sward height and finishing diet on performance of late-maturing beef steers

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
Peter R Doyle ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
Aidan P Moloney ◽  
Alan K Kelly ◽  
Edward G O’Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Herbage Intake ◽  
Animal Growth ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Grazing sward structure can influence animal performance in forage-only and forage plus concentrate-based production systems. The objective was to determine the effects of pre-grazing herbage mass (PGHM), post-grazing sward height (PGSH) and indoor finishing diet on performance of weaned, spring-born beef steers. Steers (n = 96, ca. 12 months of age, 396 ± 20.1 kg) previously fed grass silage only over the first winter, were assigned to one of twelve grazing groups, balanced for live weight. Grazing groups were randomly assigned to a two PGHM (1500 or 2500 kg DM/ha) × two PGSH (4 or 6 cm) factorial arrangement of treatments (n = 3 groups/treatment). Steers rotationally grazed Lolium perenne-dominant swards (not mechanically topped) for 222 days. Steers were then accommodated indoors and offered grass silage only (SO) or grass silage + 3.8 kg concentrate DM/head daily (SC) for a 146 day finishing period. Data were analysed using the mixed procedure of SAS with terms for PGHM, PGSH, finishing diet and their interactions in the model. Grazed herbage intake was unaffected by PGHM but was greater for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (6.94 vs. 6.18 kg DM/day; P &lt; 0.001). Steer average daily gain at pasture was greater for PGHM-1500 than PGHM-2500 (0.65 vs. 0.60 kg; P &lt; 0.05) and for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (0.70 vs. 0.55 kg; P &lt; 0.001). After indoor finishing, carcass weight was unaffected by PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4 (386 vs. 367 kg; P &lt; 0.01); carcass traits were unaffected by PGHM or PGSH. Carcasses were heavier (+43 kg), fatter (P &lt; 0.001) and more conformed (P &lt; 0.01) for SC than SO. In conclusion, both PGHM-2500 and PGSH-4 restricted animal growth at pasture; however, following an indoor finishing period, carcass weight did not differ between PGHM, but was heavier for PGSH-6 than PGSH-4.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF UKRAINIAN GREY CATTLE AND SOME SPECIALIZED BEEF BREEDS BY ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Reznikova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

For the last years significant reduction of breeding farms has led to decrease in the number of populations and these trends are particularly concerning beef livestock, competitiveness of which is lower compared with dairy cattle-breeding. There is observed to decrease not only number of indigenous populations, which aren’t able to compete on productivity, but also native specialized cattle. So, population of Ukrainian Beef breed declined 1,5 times (8 breeding farms, 2733 head, 1135 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 3, 1824, 665 respectively on January 1, 2016), Polessian Beef breed – 2,2 times (27 breeding farms, 8904 head, 3705 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 10, 4113, 2157 respectively on January 1, 2016), Ukrainian Grey – 1,2 times (4 breeding farms, 1075 head, 437 cows on January 1, 2010 vs. 2, 903, 341 respectively on January 1, 2016).The reality of the recent years indicates that some native beef cattle breeds can be considered as local and as needing conservation in the nearest future. Thereby, the aim of our work was to study dynamics of growth, productivity and reproductive ability of breeding stock of Ukrainian Grey breed compared with Ukrainian Beef, Polessian Beef having been created with its participation, and Blonde d'Aquitaine – a foreign specialized beef breed being bred under the same conditions. Materials and methods.The investigations were carried out at the herds of SE «Polyvanivka» Research Farm», Magdalynivka district, Dnipropetrovsk region and AF «Klen», Zhovkva district, Lviv region at breeding females of Ukrainian Grey (n = 279), Blonde d'Aquitaine (n = 42), Ukrainian Beef (n = 159) and Polessian Beef (n = 100) breeds. The indicators of growth rate, reproduction, and productivity were analysed based on data of zootechnical primary account registered at breeding farms. Results of research. Comparison of averages by a group found that the Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by slightly lower figures of live weight at all the investigated ages. Under the same growing conditions, live weight of the Ukrainian Grey animals at the age of weaning was 14 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the Ukrainian specialized beef breed (Ukrainian Beef) and by 19 kg (P < 0,001) less compared with the French specialized beef cattle (Blonde d'Aquitaine). The results are quite predictable that the indigenous breed isn’t able to compete with specialized beef cattle. The Ukrainian Grey animals were characterized by lower figures of average daily gain of live weight almost for all the investigated age periods with the greatest difference from birth to weaning – 56 g (P < 0,001) compared with Ukrainian Beef and 79 g (P < 0,001) compared with Blonde d'Aquitaine. The Ukrainian Grey heifers at the age from 1 to 2 years were characterized by almost the same growth rate as Ukrainian Beef and Polessian Beef contemporaries and predominated slightly over Blonde d'Aquitaine. The greatest difference was observed between milk ability of the Ukrainian Grey and Polessian Beef cows within 15-21 kg (P < 0,001). Predominance of cows of other studied breeds over Ukrainian Grey was 13 kg (P < 0,001) after the 1st calving, 14-19 kg (P < 0,001) after the 2nd calving and 11-15 kg (P < 0,001) after the 3rd calving. Reliable differences in calving interval weren’t revealed between Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef, Blonde d'Aquitaine (except for calving interval between the 1st-2nd calving). Comparative analysis of age repeatability of live weight revealed that gradual reduction of repeatability coefficient with each distance from the age of 210 days or 1 year was characterized for the animals, kept in "Polyvanivka" breeding farm. So, the highest age repeatability was observed at adjacent periods – 210 days-1 year, 2-3 years. Higher levels of age repeatability of live weight were found at the Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine animals. The results of research of Ukrainian Grey cows’ productivity should not be assessed pessimistically, because productivity for indigenous and local breeds has never been the main traits in their preservation. It is studied to monitor their state. Conclusions. So, indigenous Ukrainian Grey cattle are inferior to all the investigated beef breeds by productivity that caused by its triple-purpose specialization with working ability at the first place in the past. The significant high and middle levels of age repeatability indicate the possibility of effective selection of Polessian Beef and Blonde d'Aquitaine heifers on live weight at weaning (210 days), whereas for Ukrainian Grey and Ukrainian Beef animals at 1-years’ age. No reliable correlation of live weight with milk ability was found at the Ukrainian Grey, Polessian Beef, and Blonde d'Aquitaine cows and inverse correlation of live weight at 4-years’ age with milk ability after the 2nd calving – at the Ukrainian Beef cows.

РОСТ И РАЗВИТИЕ ТЕЛОК ГОРСКОГО СКОТА И ПОМЕСЕЙ С РУССКОЙ КОМОЛОЙ В ДАГЕСТАНЕ

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
M.M. SADYKOV ◽  
M.P. ALIKHANOV ◽  
A.G. SIMONOV ◽  
G.A. SIMONOV
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
Daily Gain

Изучены рост и развитие телок помесей горского скота с русской комолой породой в горной зоне Республики Дагестан. Доказана эффективность использования высокогорных пастбищ крупным рогатым скотом. Установлено, что молодняк помесных животных по сравнению с аборигенным скотом имеет более высокую живую массу при рождении на 1,2 кг, или на 6,9. При отъеме в 8месячном возрасте помесные телки имели живую массу 156 кг против 140 кг у аборигенного горского молодняка, что на 16 кг, или 11,4 больше. В 12, 15 и 18месячном возрасте живая масса помесных телок составляла 220,2 кг, 267 и 321,4 кг, соответственно, или на 27,1 кг, 36,4 и 45,1 кг больше по сравнению с горским скотом. Среднесуточные приросты помесного молодняка в среднем за период выращивания телок составили 556 г против 475 г, то есть они были выше на 17 по сравнению с горскими аборигенными телками. Промеры статей телосложения животных тоже были в пользу помесных. Высота в холке у помесей достигала в возрасте 8 мес 85,3 см, в 12 106,5 и в 18 мес 110,5 см, а у аборигенных телок горского скота высота в холке была значительно ниже по сравнению с помесями и составляла 79,8 см, 93,4 и 103,8 см, соответственно. В 18месячном возрасте телки горского скота уступали по высоте в холке помесям на 6,7 см, или на 6,4. Исследования свидетельствуют об эффективном использовании высокогорных пастбищ Дагестана помесным скотом. Такой подход к ведению мясного скотоводства в условиях горной зоны Республики Дагестан позволит увеличить производство дешевой и высококачественной говядины.Growth and development of hill cattle heifers and their cross breeds with Polled Russian breed are researched. Efficiency of utilizing mountain grass is proved. It is ascertained that cross breed young stock live weight at birth exceeds that of native ones by 1,2 kg or 6,9. Cross breed heifers at ablactation had live weight of 156 kg at 8month age versus 140 kg of native ones, which is 16 kg or 11,4 higher. Live weight of 12, 15, and 18month cross breed heifers was 220,2 kg, 267 kg, and 321,4 kg, respectively, which is 27,1 kg, 36,4 kg, and 45,1 kg greater in comparison with mountain cattle. Average daily gain of cross breed animals was 556 g versus 475 g, which is 81 g or 17 higher in comparison with mountain heifers. Shoulder height of cross breed heifers was at the age of 8 months 85,3 cm, 12 months 106,5 cm, and 18 months 110,5 cm, while mountain cattle height was sufficiently lower in comparison with cross breeds and was 79,8 cm, 93,4 cm, and 103,8 cm, respectively. At the age of 18 months mountain heifers were inferior to cross breeds by 6,7 cm of shoulder height, which is 6,4. The study reveals high efficiency of utilizing Dagestan mountain grass by cross breed cattle. Such approach to beef cattle farming provides for increase of cheap and high quality beef production.

Some consequences of imposing different continuous grazing pressures in the spring on sward morphology, herbage quality and the performance of young beef cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. B. Tallowin ◽  
J. H. H. Williams ◽  
R. V. Large
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbage Quality ◽  
Grazing Pressures

SUMMARYThe effects of different severities of continuous grazing imposed during the spring followed by a uniform continuous grazing management from midsummer onwards were examined in relation to sward morphology, herbage quality and the performance of young beef cattle in the years 1980 and 1981. The three grazing severities were based upon maintaining a constant sward height, namely 35 mm (severe), 50 mm (moderate) and 75 mm (lenient). From 1 June onwards a uniform grazing severity with a sward height of 60 mm was imposed. The grazing pressure on each paddock was adjusted by either adding or removing of cattle to maintain the target sward heights. When the grazing pressure was changed in June, the digestibility of both the herbage components on offer and the total herbage selected by the cattle was higher in the swards that had been severely grazed than that in the leniently grazed treatments. This appeared to be due to the combination of a higher proportion of younger, more digestible leaf laminae, less dead and less maturing true stem being present in the swards that had previously been severely grazed. Over the season as a whole, there was no significant difference between the grazing treatments in terms of individual animal performance or overall animal live-weight production per hectare.

scholarly journals Fattening heifers on continuous pasture in mountainous regions – implications for productivity and meat quality

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 360-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Velik ◽  
I. Gangnat ◽  
R. Kitzer ◽  
E. Finotti ◽  
A. Steinwidder
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beef Tenderness ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Carcass Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Economical and ecological issues as well as consumer demand for sustainably produced agricultural food rise the trends to fatten beef cattle on pasture during the grazing season. However, particularly for mountainous regions, implications of turning beef cattle on pasture remain unclear concerning animal performance and product quality. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare short grass grazing with a semi-intensive indoor fattening system in the Alps. Charolais &times; Simmental heifers of about 300 kg live weight were either fattened on continuous pasture (3&ndash;6 mm sward height) and finished in barn (Pasture group) or solely raised in barn on a grass silage-based diet with 2 kg concentrates (Indoor group). Animals were slaughtered at 550 kg live weight. Results showed that continuous pasture with a finishing period in barn allowed as good growth and carcass performance as fattening in barn. Over the whole experiment, average daily gain was 993 g/day in the Pasture group and 1026 g/day in the Indoor group. During the growing period, daily gain was numerically lower in the Pasture group than in the Indoor group (767 g and 936 g, respectively). Carcass fatness of pasture fed animals was lower but within the desirable threshold. Water holding capacity, meat colour, and shear force, an indicator for beef tenderness, were unaffected by feeding practices, but fat colour was more yellow in the Pasture group. Furthermore, meat from animals fattened on pasture had lower intramuscular fat contents and enhanced proportions of nutritionally valuable omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids. &nbsp;

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