scholarly journals Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Aeromonas spp. Colonizing European Pond Turtles Emys orbicularis and Their Natural Environment. First Study from Poland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2772
Author(s):  
Leszek Guz ◽  
Aneta Nowakiewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Puk ◽  
Przemysław Zięba ◽  
Sebastian Gnat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Emys Orbicularis

The aim of the study was to isolate and identify species belonging to the Aeromonas genus and evaluate the antimicrobial resistance and virulence patterns of isolates colonizing European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from natural environment of Eastern Poland. In total, 74 turtles and 15 samples of water from their natural environment were examined. More than 40 strains were isolated and identified: A. bestiarum (n = 1), A. hydrophila (n = 13), A. allosaccharophila (n = 2), A. salmonicida (n = 3), and A. veronii (n = 23). The highest incidence of resistance was noted for ampicillin (100%) and sulfamethoxazole (62.0%), followed by erythromycin and colistin (both 40.5%). Moreover, eight strains were intermediately resistant to meropenem (19%). Most Aeromonas isolates were found to possess more than one virulence gene among fla, aer, hlyA, act, ela, alt, and ast. We showed that the population of free-living European pond turtles was highly colonized by Aeromonas spp. Such strains may be an infectious agent not only for the population of turtles but also for other species of animals inhabiting their natural environment. Moreover, the undesirable properties of water quality caused by the presence of drug-resistant aeromonads could have a negative impact on human health.

scholarly journals Survival, Virulence Gene Expression and Difference in the Drug Susceptibility of Non-typhoidal Salmonella in Gut Physiological Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshatha Kotian ◽  
Vankadari Aditya ◽  
Jassiya Sheikh ◽  
Sreya Saikrishnan ◽  
Praveen Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Salmonella is one among the most versatile and resilient enteric pathogens that known to have developed various survival strategies within the host system. The ability of the bacteria to circumvent the physiological parameters as well as dodge the antimicrobial stress environment within the host is one of the most crucial steps in establishing an infection. With an alarming rise in multi-drug resistant serovars of non-typhoidal Salmonella and lack of vaccine for combatting the infections, behaviour of the bacteria in the presence of host physiological gut conditions (NaCl, high and low iron) and antibiotics will help in understanding the survival strategies as well as mechanisms of resistance. 59 non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from poultry and seafood were used in the study. The isolates were screened for their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Two multi-drug resistant and two sensitive serovars were used for growth kinetics and virulence gene expression study. The results obtained revealed that despite similar resistance pattern, the effect of individual class of antibiotics on the growth of serovars varied. On contrary, no significant difference was observed in growth pattern on exposure to in vitro gut like experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the in-vitro gut conditions and exposure to antibiotics have drastically reduced the minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotics in resistant strains. A first of its kind study that draws attention on the significant effect of antibiotics and gut physiological conditions on MIC and expression of virulence genes from Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 1 and 2 between resistant and sensitive non typhoidal Salmonella serovars.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever in Kathmandu : Two Years Study and Trends of Antimicrobial Resistance

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (157) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Malla ◽  
P Kansakar ◽  
Serichantalergs Serichantalergs ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
S Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Plasmid Analysis ◽  
Paratyphoid Fever

Enteric fever is prevalent in developing countries including Nepal, where it still remains as a major healthproblem. Appropriate antibiotics are essential for the treatment of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Aprospective study was carried out to characterize the epidemiological features of enteric fever in Kathmandu,Nepal and to analyse the recent trend of antimicrobial resistance pattern of the Salmonella isolated from thecases of enteric fever from different hospitals in Kathmandu during June, 2002 to June, 2004. A total of 1469Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi ‘A’ isolates collected during this period from five different hospitallaboratories situated in Kathmandu were studied. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates towardsAmpicillin (10mcg), Chloramphenicol (30mcg), Cotrimoxazole (25mcg), Ciprofloxacin (5mcg) and Ceftriaxone(5mcg) were determined by standard disc diffusion technique and Agar dilution technique were used todetermine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Chloramphenicoland Ceftriaxone. All the isolates tested were found to be sensitive to Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin, the mostcommonly used antibiotic for treatment of enteric fever in Nepal. Of the total isolates studied, 15.5% from2002, 8% from 2003 and 3.45% from 2004 were found to be multidrug resistant (exhibiting resistance towardsAmpicillin, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimoxazole). Of the total multi drug resistant Salmonella isolates, 92%were Salmonella typhi. All the multidrug resistant isolates were also further tested for susceptibilities towardsTetracycline (30mcg), Nalidixic acid (30 mcg), Streptomycin (10units), Gentamycin (25mcg), Azithromycin(15mcg), Kanamycin (30mcg), Neomycin (30mcg). 50% of the multi drug resistant Salmonella typhi werealso resistant to Tetracycline. Plasmid analysis revealed that all of the Mutidrug resistant Salmonella typhiisolates with Tetracycline resistance harbored a large molecular weight (147 Kb) plasmid.Key Words: Enteric fever, Salmonella, Antibiotic, Plasmid, Multidrugresistant

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of E. coli lineages and antimicrobial resistance in Ecuadorian children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Calderón ◽  
Paúl A. Cárdenas ◽  
Jay Graham ◽  
Gabriel Trueba
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fresh Fecal Sample ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTThe gastrointestinal tract (GIT) constitutes a complex and diverse ecosystem. Escherichia coli is one of the most frequently studied and characterized species in the gut ecosystem. Nevertheless, there has been little research to determine their diversity and population dynamics in the intestines of children over time. Many intestinal E. coli lineages carry antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, which have implications in disease and public health. In this one-year prospective study, a fresh fecal sample was obtained from 30 children longitudinally for one year (n = 82 fecal samples). From each stool sample, five Escherichia coli colonies were randomly selected to characterize their genotype and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance pattern (n = 405 E. coli isolates). We found that the most numerically dominant E. coli lineages in children’s intestines were transient colonizers, and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance varied significantly over time, however, ST131 a multi-drug resistant pathogen, and 3 additional STs persisted in a child’s intestine for 3 months or more.IMPORTANCEThe length of residency and numeric dominance of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli may affect the extent to which an isolate contributes to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. We studied the persistence of numerically dominant and antimicrobial-resistant lineages of E. coli in the human intestine and found that E. coli lineages in the gut of children change rapidly over time.

A comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact and user-pays principle availability in the model areas of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1798
Author(s):  
S.N. Ayusheeva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Environmental Investment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Comparative Systems

Subject. This article assesses the effectiveness of the existing system of environmental management based on the user-pays principle in terms of reducing the negative impact on the environment. Objectives. The article aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the anthropogenic impact on natural environment components and deficiency payments for pollution in the model areas of the Russian Federation. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of computational, comparative, systems, and structural analyses. Results. Based on the ecological rating of the Russian Federation subjects, the article defines model areas, assesses the degree of anthropogenic impact on the basis of pollution relative rates, and describes the particularities of environmental investment in the selected areas. Conclusions. The system of payments for pollution does not affect the economic behavior of economic entities.

Community acquired pneumonia-current scenario among immunocompromised patients in a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 4715
Author(s):  
A. V. Sowmya* ◽  
G. Jayalakshmi ◽  
David Agatha
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Polymicrobial Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Etiologic Agents

Pneumonia is a common illness accounting for majority of hospitalizations worldwide with significant mortality and morbidity. Antimicrobial therapy, being the main stay of treatment, the choices of antibiotics depends on the nature of the etiologic agents and the host factors. The current study was aimed to identify the bacterial & fungal etiologic agents of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in Immunocompromised (IC) patients, with their antimicrobial resistant pattern and to analyze the associated immunocompromised states. Various respiratory samples from study group of 75 immunocompromised patients with features of pneumonia were collected, processed and the isolates were identified with their antimicrobial susceptibility& resistance pattern according to CLSI guidelines. The results were analyzed statistically. Diabetes mellitus is the most common immunocompromised state (48%) associated with CAP. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection rates were 80.36% and 19.64% respectively. Gram negative pathogens and fungal pathogens were identified in 60% and 25.37% of culture positive cases respectively. Diabetes mellitus is commonly found in association with polymicrobial infection (19.44%) and fungal infection (16.66%). Drug resistant strains comprise about 75% of MRSA strains, 72.72 % of ESBL producers and 3.44% of Amp C producers. As the number of elderly people with associated IC state is on rise, with change in the pattern of microbial etiologic agents causing CAP, a prior knowledge of the host and microbial factors will help in formulating empirical antimicrobial therapy and proper treatment thereby curbing the spread of infections by drug resistant pathogens and the associated morbidity and mortality.

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