scholarly journals Effect of Linseeds and Hemp Seeds on Milk Production, Energy and Nitrogen Balance, and Methane Emissions in the Dairy Goat

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2717
Author(s):  
Luca Rapetti ◽  
Stefania Colombini ◽  
Giovanna Battelli ◽  
Bianca Castiglioni ◽  
Federica Turri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Fermentation Profile ◽  
Energy Balances

The effect of whole linseeds or hemp seeds on milk production, energy and nitrogen balance, and methane emission was studied in 12 Alpine goats using respiration chambers. Diets tested were a control diet (C) and two diets supplemented with whole linseeds (L) or hemp seeds (H) at 9.3% on a dry matter (DM) basis. DM intake was similar among treatments, whereas DM and organic matter digestibility were lower for L compared to C. Milk yield (2.30 kg/d on average) and rumen fermentation profile were not affected by treatments. Treatment also did not affect the milk composition, with the exception of fat, which was higher in H and L compared to C (4.21, 3.94, and 3.20%, respectively). Oilseed supplementation caused a reduction in the concentration of de novo fatty acids (FA) (41.1, 48.8, and 64.1% of FA, for L, H, and C, respectively). Moreover, L and H diets reduced the sum of saturated FA, and increased monounsaturated FA, whereas only the L diet increased the concentration of polyunsaturated FA. Regarding methane production, and nitrogen and energy balances, no differences were registered among the diets. Our research indicates that including whole linseeds and hemp seeds in the dairy goat diet is an effective strategy for increasing milk fat content and positively modifying the milk FA composition, without a change in nitrogen and energy balances, but also without a reduction in enteric methane emission.

Effects of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product to transition Holstein cows on performance and health

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekin Sucu ◽  
Chel Moore ◽  
Matthew J. VanBaale ◽  
Howard Jensen ◽  
Maria V. Sanz-Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Fermentation Product

Two experiments examined the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation product (AO; Amaferm®; BioZyme Inc., St. Joseph, MO, USA) on productive variables in transition dairy cows. In experiment 1, 33 Holstein cows (22 multiparous and 11 primiparous) were enrolled from −21 to 60 days in milk (DIM). Cows were individually fed either a control total mixed ration (TMR) diet consisting of primarily alfalfa hay and steam-flaked corn [62:38 and 59:41, forage:concentrate (F:C) for prepartum and postpartum phases, respectively] or the control diet along with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 2, 455 multiparous Holstein cows were enrolled from −21 to 121 DIM. Cows were group-fed either a control TMR diet (n = 228) consisting primarily of corn silage and rolled corn (44:56, F:C) or the control diet (n = 227) with 15 g d−1 of AO. In experiment 1, cows fed AO had increased (P < 0.05) milk production compared with controls (37.7 vs. 34.6 kg d−1). Milk composition, dry matter intake, body weight (BW), and BW loss both prepartum and postpartum did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. Cows fed AO tended to have decreased plasma nonesterified fatty acids levels (14%, P < 0.10), but plasma glucose concentration did not differ (P = 0.89). In experiment 2, cows fed AO had decreased milk yield (43.0 vs. 43.8; P < 0.05), and increased milk fat content (3.50% vs. 3.38%; P < 0.01) but similar quantities of 3.5% fat-corrected milk (42.5 vs. 42.7 kg d−1; P > 0.10). Results suggest that AO has the potential to improve aspects of milk production efficiency, but the percentage and types of forage utilized may influence the response.

The Effect of Concentrate Type and Supplementary Lactic Acid or Soya-Oil on Milk Production in Dairy Cows Offered Restricted or Extensively Fermented Grass Silages

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
J G Doherty ◽  
C S Mayne
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
High Starch ◽  
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids

Several studies have shown increased silage dry-matter intake (SDMI) and improved milk fat concentrations in dairy cows offered restricted fermented grass silages compared to more extensively fermented silages. A recent study suggested that differences in silage intakeper serather than an alteration in rumen fermentation may be responsible for the changes in milk composition observed in the previous studies (Doherty and Mayne, 1993). The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of changes in concentrate composition on milk production parameters in dairy cows offered grass silages of contrasting fermentation type.Two direct cut grass silages were prepared using either an inoculant, containing a single strain ofLactobacillus plantarum, (Ecosyl, 3 1/t fresh weight, Zeneca Products Ltd) or a mixture of aliphatic carboxylic acids (Maxgrass, 6 1/t fresh weight, BP Chemicals Ltd). Two concentrates (high starch or high fibre) were formulated containing either: barley, 300; wheat, 355; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high starch) or unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, 555; citrus pulp, 100; and soyabean-meal, 270 g/kg (high fibre).

Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riazuddin Mohammed ◽  
Reza Khorasani ◽  
Laksiri Goonewardene ◽  
John Kramer ◽  
John Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Test Diet ◽  
Barley Silage

Mohammed, R., Khorasani, R. G., Goonewardene, L. A., Kramer, J. K. G. and Kennelly, J. J. 2011. Persistency of milk trans-18:1 isomers and rumenic acid in Holstein cows over a full lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 147–167. A long-term lactation study was undertaken to determine whether the previously reported short-term persistency in vaccenic acid [VA; trans(t)11-18:1] and rumenic acid (RA) could be maintained. To test this hypothesis, 24 Holstein cows were allotted to two experimental diets (control and test) from 2 wk before calving until they were 270 d in milk (DIM). The test diet was similar to the control diet, but supplemented with sunflower seed (11.2% diet DM), fish oil (0.5%) and monensin (22 mg/kg DM) by replacing an equivalent amount of barley grain. The forage: concentrate ratio was 50:50 (DM basis) with 35% barley silage and 15% alfalfa hay. Milk was sampled every fortnight from the start of lactation until cows were 270 DIM. Data obtained were averaged into three equal periods of 90 d each, representing three stages of lactation (SOL): early-lactation (EL), mid-lactation (ML) and late-lactation (LL). Dry matter intakes were not different between treatments with greater intakes observed during ML than during EL or LL. Milk yield was not different between treatments and decreased with increasing DIM. Milk fat content and yield showed interaction between treatment and SOL with lower values observed for the test diet than control diet during EL and ML. De novo synthesized fatty acids (4:0–15:0), 16:0–16:1 and preformed fatty acids (17:0 and above) showed interaction between treatment and SOL with the former two being greater for control diet than test diet and the latter greater for the test diet than control diet within each SOL. Milk t10-18:1 (% fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) was greater for the test diet compared with control diet (4.38 vs. 1.32) and was greater during ML (3.79) than during EL (2.38) or LL (2.38). Milk VA and RA showed interactions between treatment and SOL with greater values observed for the test diet than the control diet within each SOL. When analyzed by treatment, milk VA was not different across SOL for both diets. Milk RA was not different across SOL for the test diet, but was different for the control diet; it was lower during EL than during ML. Step-wise regression analysis revealed that the variability in milk RA for the control diet (P<0.01; R2=0.97) was determined by VA (70%) and RA/VA (27%); and for the test diet (P<0.01; R2=0.987) by VA (88.7%), RA/VA (5%) and t10-18:1 (3.8%). Desaturase index based on RA/VA showed an interaction between treatment and SOL; it was greater for the control diet than the test diet within each SOL. Overall findings revealed that the differences in milk t10- and VA across SOL reflected possible differences in starch and PUFA intakes, respectively. Differences in milk RA across SOL for the control diet could be attributed to possible differences in mammary desaturase activity based on differences in RA/VA.

Lactation response of cows to different levels of ruminally inert conjugated linoleic acids under commercial conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Gervais ◽  
Richard Spratt ◽  
Martin Léonard ◽  
P. Yvan Chouinard
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Lactating Cows

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements have been shown to reduce milk fat synthesis in dairy cows. A rumen-inert source of CLA is required for commercial feed applications. The conversion of dietary lipids to a calcium salt is considered as a method to counter the extensive hydrogenation of dietary lipids that occurs in the rumen. Our objective was to determine whether feeding calcium salts of CLA under commercial conditions would affect milk production, milk composition and blood metabolic profile. A total of 240 dairy cows from eight farms were blocked according to the calving date, and randomly assigned to four treatments providing CLA at 0, 8, 16 and 32 g d-1. Milk production was recorded and milk was sampled on day 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 of the feeding period. Blood samples were taken on day 42 from early-lactating cows (< 157 d in milk) to determine the metabolic profile. Milk fat yield was decreased 11, 20 and 28%, and milk fat concentration was reduced 13, 22 and 28% (linear; P < 0.001) when cows received 8, 16 and 32 g d-1 of CLA, respectively. Milk yield, milk protein and blood metabolic parameters were not affected by experimental treatments. Calcium salts of CLA can be used as an effective tool to manage milk fat content on commercial dairy farms. Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, milk fat, ruminally inert fat

Milk yield and milk composition from grazing primiparous non-dairy crossbred ewes

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Morgan ◽  
N. M. Fogarty ◽  
S. Nielsen ◽  
A. R. Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Daily Milk

Milk production and milk composition were studied in 520 primiparous Merino crossbred ewes that were the progeny of 30 sires from several maternal crossing breeds including Border Leicester, Coopworth, Finnsheep and East Friesian. The ewes were born in 3 years (1997, 1998, and 1999), with 3 sires used in every year to provide genetic links. The crossbred ewe lambs were randomly assigned to autumn or spring joining groups and mated to Poll Dorset rams to lamb at 12 or 19 months of age. Ewes were milked on 3 days during their first lactation at approximately 3, 4, and 12 weeks after lambing. On each milking day, each ewe was initially injected with oxytocin, milked out by machine, and then hand-stripped. This procedure was repeated approximately 4 h later, with the milk weight and time recorded to extrapolate to daily milk yield, and composition of the milk was determined. Daily milk yield was analysed using REML mixed models procedures and 3 measures of milk production were predicted: peak milk yield at 21 days of lactation, total milk yield from 21 to 90 days of lactation, and length of lactation (days for daily yield to decline to 600 g/day). Milk composition traits (%fat, %protein, %lactose) and proportion of machine milk yield were analysed with similar models. Sire breed, number of lambs born and suckled, season, and ewe weight gain from mid-pregnancy until lamb weaning were all significant (P < 0.01) for daily yield, which declined from 2.1 kg/day at 21 days to 0.7 kg/day at 90 days of lactation. The Finnsheep-cross ewes had lower peak milk yield (1.84 ± 0.08 v. 2.09–2.19 ± 0.1 kg/day) and lower total yield of lactation (21–90 days) than all the other breed-cross ewes (78 ± 3 v. 92–107 ± 5 kg). The East Friesian-cross ewes had significantly longer lactations (128.8 ± 10.9 days) than the Border Leicester (98.1 ± 4.4 days) and Coopworth (93.7 ± 4.2 days), with the Finnsheep-cross ewes the shortest (80.1 ± 3.1 days). The East Friesian-cross ewes had the greatest and the Finnsheep-cross ewes the least total yield of lactation (107 ± 5 and 78 ± 3 kg, respectively). There were significant differences in peak milk yield for ewes bearing and suckling single lambs, twin-born and single-raised lambs, and twin-born and raised lambs (1.86 ± 0.04, 2.03 ± 0.09, and 2.37 ± 0.07 kg/day, respectively). There was a significant decline in daily milk yield with increasing ewe weight gain from mid-pregnancy to lamb weaning (–18.1 ± 4.2 g/kg). All the components of milk composition changed from the peak of milk production at 3 weeks to the end of lactation. The East Friesian-cross ewes had significantly lower milk %fat (by approx. 1 percentage point) at both 21 days and 90 days of lactation than ewes by all other sire breeds. The 30 sire progeny mean deviations for daily milk yield ranged from –292 to +276 g/day, with considerable ranges between sires within the sire breeds. The implications for lamb production and breeding programs are discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Feeding Cows with Unsaturated Fatty Acid Sources on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Milk Fatty Acid Profile, and Physicochemical and Sensory Characteristics of Ice Cream

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽  
Nathaly Cancino-Padilla ◽  
Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza ◽  
Stefanie Vyhmeister ◽  
María Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Ice Creams

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of dairy cows with different fatty acid sources (soybean oil (SO) and fish oil (FO)) on milk production, milk composition, milk fatty acid profile, and physicochemical and sensory characteristics of ice cream. During 63 days, fifteen Holstein cows averaging 198 ± 35 days in milk were assigned to three groups: control diet with no added lipid (n = 5 cows); and supplemented diets with SO (n = 5 cows; unrefined SO; 30 g/kg DM) or FO (n = 5 cows; FO from unrefined salmon oil; 30 g/kg DM). Milk production, milk fat, and milk protein were not affected by treatments. Saturated fatty acids in milk fat were decreased with SO and FO compared with control. C18:2 cis-9, cis-12 was increased with SO whereas C18:2 cis-9, trans-11, C20:3n-3, C20:3n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were the highest with FO. Draw temperature and firmness were higher in SO compared to control and FO ice creams. Melting resistance was higher in FO compared with control and SO ice creams. Supplementation of cow diets with SO and FO did not have detrimental effects on milk production, or ice cream physicochemical and sensory characteristics.

Effect of long-term rumen-protected methionine supplementation on performance of Shami goats and growth performance of their kids

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Titi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Clear Dose Response

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of supplementing the diets of Shami goats with rumen-protected methionine (RPM) in late pregnancy (last 60 days) and early lactation on milk production, composition, fatty acid profile in the first 60 days of lactation, and on growth performance of their kids. Three groups were used (25 goats/group) in a completely randomised design. Groups were a control with no supplements (0RPM) or supplemented with either 2.5 (2.5RPM), or 5.0 g/head.day RPM (5RPM). Birth and weaning weights for kids were recorded and analysed. Milk production was measured and sampled biweekly from each dam and analysed for milk composition. Results showed that RPM had no effect on birth and weaning weights, or average daily gain of Shami kids. However, milk to gain ratio of kids was significantly (P &lt; 0.05) improved. Milk production increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in 5RPM group compared with 0RPM and 2.5RPM groups. Milk protein content was the highest (P &lt; 0.05) in the 2.5RPM group, followed by the 5RPM and 0RPM groups, whereas milk fat content was not different among the groups. Meanwhile, yields of both components were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher in milk of treated groups. Casein and energy-corrected milk were increased (P &lt; 0.05) with treatment. No effect on dry-matter intake was recorded, while feed to milk ratio was better (P &lt; 0.05) for RPM groups than for 0RPM group. Milk fatty acids composition did not show significant changes after RPM treatment. In conclusion, results showed that supplementing RPM to Shami goats in late pregnancy did not affect birthweight or growth of suckling kids but improved milk production and milk protein, although no clear dose response to RPM was detected.

Effects of dietary calcium soaps of unsaturated fatty acids on digestion, milk composition and physical properties of butter

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIS ENJALBERT ◽  
MARIE CLAUDE NICOT ◽  
CORINE BAYOURTHE ◽  
MICHELE VERNAY ◽  
RAYMOND MONCOULON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Ruminal Biohydrogenation

Dairy cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal and ileal cannulas were utilized to investigate the effects of feeding with Ca soaps (CaS) of palm fatty acids (FA) and rapeseed FA. Diets compared were control diet based on maize silage and concentrate, and two diets with 40 g CaS of palm oil FA or rapeseed oil FA/kg diet, replacing part of the concentrates of the control diet. Total digestibilities of dry matter, fibre and fat, and ruminal fermentation were not significantly altered by giving CaS; the extent of ruminal biohydrogenation of total unsaturated C18 FA was significantly reduced by both CaS diets. Apparent intestinal digestibility of FA was not different among diets, although the amount of FA absorbed with the CaS diets was twice that with the control diet. No difference among diets was observed for milk production, or fat and protein contents. Giving CaS diets decreased the proportions of 4[ratio ]0 to 14[ratio ]0 FA in milk fat, and increased cis-18[ratio ]1n−9, compared with control diet. The rapeseed diet lowered the content of 16[ratio ]0, and increased the contents of 18[ratio ]0 and trans-18[ratio ]1n−7. CaS diets did not result in a marked increase of polyunsaturated FA content in milk fat. Butter from cows fed on the CaS diets contained more liquid fat at 6 and 14°C than butter from the cows fed on the control diet. Incorporating CaS, particularly those from rapeseed, in dairy cows' diets increased C18 FA in milk and improved butter spreadability.

Effect of high fat diets on the performance, milk yield and milk composition of multiparous rabbit does

1999 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Pascual ◽  
C. Cervera ◽  
E. Blas ◽  
J. Fernández-Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

AbstractExperiment I. One hundred and twenty-five lactations from 88 New Zealand × Californian does were used to study the influence of high fat diets on the performance and milk yield of multiparous rabbit does in two high productivity situations: housed in hot conditions (minimum temperature above 24°C) with eight pups (group H8), or housed in warm conditions (minimum temperature under 21 °C) with 11 pups (group W11). Starting from a control diet (diet C) with 26 g ether extract (ЕЕ) per kg dry matter (DM), two isoenergetic diets were formulated adding fat from vegetable sources up to 99 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet V) or animal sources up to 117 g ЕЕ per kg DM (diet A). The lactating does showed similar food daily intakes (⋍105 g DM per kg), therefore digestible energy intake of does on high fat diets was significantly higher (P < 0·001). The addition of f at to the diets increased (P < 0·001) milk yield of does (+21 and 24 g/day for diets V and A, respectively) and litter weight at weaning (P < 0·05), and decreased the number of pups replaced (P < 0·01) during lactation. Group H8 does had significantly lower DM intakes, litter growth rates and milk production levels than group Wll does (P < 0·001).Experiment 2. The effect of these diets on milk composition was determined in 62 lactations from 28 multiparous rabbit does, in which litter size was maintained at eight pups. Milk samples were collected manually on the 7th, 21st and 28th days of lactation. Milk of does given high fat diets, especially diet A, had higher fat and energy contents (P < 0·001) and a lower protein content (P < 0·001) than those given diet C. Milk of does given diet A had a greater DM content than those given the diets С or V (P < 0·001). There was a correlation between the fatty acid composition of milk and dietary fat. The proportion of odd chain fatty acids in the milk fat was lower for does given diet V (P < 0·05) than those given diet A. In conclusion, high fat diets were related to a higher milk yield and energy content of milk, allowing a higher litter weight gain and a lower mortality of sucking pups.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) effects on pups growth, milk composition and lipogenic enzymes in lactating rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Aparecida Hayashi ◽  
Sérgio Raposo de Medeiros ◽  
Marina Hojaij Carvalho ◽  
Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Biological Properties

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has a range of biological properties, including effects on lipid metabolism, milk and body composition in animals. This study investigated the effects of dietary CLA on lactating rats and development of the suckling pups. Dams were fed either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with 25 g/kg of a fat supplement containing 540 g CLA/kg (final concentration of 13·5 g CLA/kg diet) from parturition to the 15th day post-partum. The CLA mixture used in this study contained the following isomers (per 100 g): cis-9, trans-11 (24 g); cis-10, trans-12 (35 g); cis-8, trans-10 (15 g); cis-11, trans-13 (17 g) and others (9 g). On d 15 post partum, CLA supplementation reduced milk fat content by 33% and pup growth by 21%. The milk fatty acid profile, with decreased content of short and medium chain acids, suggests CLA inhibition was more pronounced for de novo lipid synthesis. Consistent with these results, activities of fatty acid synthase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were reduced by CLA treatment in the mammary gland and liver. In contrast, the activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase was unchanged.

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