scholarly journals Effects of Bait on Male White-Tailed Deer Resource Selection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
James T. Johnson ◽  
Richard B. Chandler ◽  
L. Mike Conner ◽  
Michael J. Cherry ◽  
Charlie H. Killmaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Third Order

Bait is often used to increase wildlife harvest susceptibility, enhance viewing opportunities, and survey wildlife populations. The effects of baiting depend on how bait influences space use and resource selection at multiple spatial scales. Although telemetry studies allow for inferences about resource selection within home ranges (third-order selection), they provide limited information about spatial variation in density, which is the result of second-order selection. Recent advances in spatial capture-recapture (SCR) techniques allow exploration of second- and third-order selection simultaneously using non-invasive methods such as camera traps. Our objectives were to describe how short-term baiting affects white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) behavior and distribution. We fit SCR models to camera data from baited and unbaited locations in southwestern Georgia to assess the effects of short-term baiting on second- and third-order selection of deer during summer and winter surveys. We found little evidence of second-order selection during late summer or early winter surveys when camera surveys using bait are typically conducted. However, we found evidence for third-order selection, indicating that resource selection within home ranges is affected. Concentrations in space use resulting from baiting may enhance disease transmission, change harvest susceptibility, and potentially bias the outcome of camera surveys using bait.

scholarly journals Space use and resource selection of bobcats in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. McNitt ◽  
Robert S. Alonso ◽  
Michael J. Cherry ◽  
Michael L. Fies ◽  
Marcella J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Appalachian Mountains ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Seasonal Shifts

ABSTRACTBobcats are an apex predator and a species of socio-cultural importance in the central Appalachian Mountains. Despite their importance, knowledge of bobcat spatial ecology in the region is sparse. We examined space use and resource selection of bobcats in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia during 3 biological seasons: breeding (January-March), kitten-rearing (April-September), and dispersal (October-December). We observed sex effects on all space use metrics, with male seasonal areas of use (SAU) approximately 3 times larger than female SAUs and male movement rates 1.5 times higher than females during all seasons. We found no seasonal effect on SAU size for either sex. Female movement rates increased during the kitten-rearing season, and male movement rates increased during the dispersal season. We examined seasonal bobcat resource selection at 2 hierarchical scales, selection of home ranges within the landscape (2nd order) and selection of locations within home ranges (3rd order). Female bobcats exhibited 2nd order selection for higher elevations and deciduous forest and avoidance of fields. Males exhibited 2nd order selection for higher elevations and fields. Male 2nd order selection appears to be driven largely by the spatial distribution of females, which is mediated through the valley and ridge topography of the study area. Sample size precluded 3rd order analysis for females, however males exhibited 3rd order selection for higher elevations, fields, and deciduous forest. Resource selection patterns varied seasonally for both sexes, possibly driven by seasonal shifts in prey availability. Our findings highlight the importance of forested ridges to bobcats in the region. Our findings also illustrate the differences in space use between sexes, which future research efforts should consider. Further research should investigate seasonal shifts in bobcat prey selection, which may further explain the seasonal resource selection shifts we observed, and highlight potential implications for prey species.

scholarly journals Human-induced changes in habitat preference by capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) and their potential effect on zoonotic disease transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago C. Dias ◽  
Jared A. Stabach ◽  
Qiongyu Huang ◽  
Marcelo B. Labruna ◽  
Peter Leimgruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Natural Landscapes

AbstractHuman activities are changing landscape structure and function globally, affecting wildlife space use, and ultimately increasing human-wildlife conflicts and zoonotic disease spread. Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a conflict species that has been implicated in the spread and amplification of the most lethal tick-borne disease in the world, the Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). Even though essential to understand the link between capybaras, ticks and the BSF, many knowledge gaps still exist regarding the effects of human disturbance in capybara space use. Here, we analyzed diurnal and nocturnal habitat selection strategies of capybaras across natural and human-modified landscapes using resource selection functions (RSF). Selection for forested habitats was high across human- modified landscapes, mainly during day- periods. Across natural landscapes, capybaras avoided forests during both day- and night periods. Water was consistently selected across both landscapes, during day- and nighttime. This variable was also the most important in predicting capybara habitat selection across natural landscapes. Capybaras showed slightly higher preferences for areas near grasses/shrubs across natural landscapes, and this variable was the most important in predicting capybara habitat selection across human-modified landscapes. Our results demonstrate human-driven variation in habitat selection strategies by capybaras. This behavioral adjustment across human-modified landscapes may be related to BSF epidemiology.

scholarly journals The habitat functional response links seasonal third‐order selection to second‐order landscape characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 4683-4691
Author(s):  
Kelsey E. Paolini ◽  
Bronson K. Strickland ◽  
Jessica L. Tegt ◽  
Kurt C. VerCauteren ◽  
Garrett M. Street
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Selection ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Landscape Characteristics

scholarly journals Annual vs. Multiple-Year Home Range Sizes of Individual Blanding's Turtles, Emydoidea blandingii, in Central Wisconsin

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Schuler ◽  
Richard P. Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Convex Polygons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Emydoidea Blandingii ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Short Time

Most studies of home ranges occur over short time periods and may not represent the spacial requirements of long-lived organisms such as turtles. Home ranges of 18 individual Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) were measured using minimum convex polygons. Annual space use was compared to multi-year space use by individual turtles. We found a significant difference between annual home range size (25.5 hectares) and multi-year (two to six years) home range size (65.7 hectares; n = 18, P = 0.016). Caution should be employed when making management decisions based on short-term studies of long lived species.

scholarly journals Population characteristics, space use and habitat selection of two non-migratory caribou herds in central Alaska, 1994 - 2009

Rangifer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon S. Horne ◽  
Tim Craig ◽  
Kyle Joly ◽  
Glenn W. Stout ◽  
Merben R. Cebrian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Very High Frequency

Conservation and management of Alaska’s caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) herds are important for ecological, cultural, social, and economic reasons.  While most research is directed towards the large migratory herds, smaller herds that may or may not be migratory can be an equally valuable component of the state’s faunal resources; but for many of these smaller herds, basic information on herd size, demographics, space use and movements is lacking.  We compiled Very High Frequency (VHF) telemetry data collected from 1994 - 2009 on 2 such herds in central Alaska, the Hodzana Hills Herd (HHH) and the Ray Mountain Herd (RMH) and estimated abundance, survival, resource selection and seasonal home ranges to inform future management of these herds.  We found that both herds were relatively small and stable with approximately 1000 – 1500 individuals; annual survivorship of adult females was high (93% and 94% for RMH and HHH, respectively) and comparable to other stable or increasing herds in Alaska.  Both herds were non-migratory maintaining seasonal ranges with substantial overlap.  Additionally, despite their close proximity, we did not document any exchange of individuals between the 2 herds.  Their spatial separation may be partly due to a strip of non-preferred habitat that somewhat parallels the Dalton Highway.  While the telemetry data we used were not originally collected for the purpose of this study, careful compilation and application of appropriate analytical techniques allowed us to glean important characteristics of these herds that will be of value to regulatory and management agencies in the future.

scholarly journals A novel method for detecting extra-home range movements (EHRMs) by animals and recommendations for future EHRM studies

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242328
Author(s):  
Todd C. Jacobsen ◽  
Kevyn H. Wiskirchen ◽  
Stephen S. Ditchkoff
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Fixed Period

Infrequent, long-distance animal movements outside of typical home range areas provide useful insights into resource acquisition, gene flow, and disease transmission within the fields of conservation and wildlife management, yet understanding of these movements is still limited across taxa. To detect these extra-home range movements (EHRMs) in spatial relocation datasets, most previous studies compare relocation points against fixed spatial and temporal bounds, typified by seasonal home ranges (referred to here as the “Fixed-Period” method). However, utilizing home ranges modelled over fixed time periods to detect EHRMs within those periods likely results in many EHRMs going undocumented, particularly when an animal’s space use changes within that period of time. To address this, we propose a novel, “Moving-Window” method of detecting EHRMs through an iterative process, comparing each day’s relocation data to the preceding period of space use only. We compared the number and characteristics of EHRM detections by both the Moving-Window and Fixed-Period methods using GPS relocations from 33 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Alabama, USA. The Moving-Window method detected 1.5 times as many EHRMs as the Fixed-Period method and identified 120 unique movements that were undetected by the Fixed-Period method, including some movements that extended nearly 5 km outside of home range boundaries. Additionally, we utilized our EHRM dataset to highlight and evaluate potential sources of variation in EHRM summary statistics stemming from differences in definition criteria among previous EHRM literature. We found that this spectrum of criteria identified between 15.6% and 100.0% of the EHRMs within our dataset. We conclude that variability in terminology and definition criteria previously used for EHRM detection hinders useful comparisons between studies. The Moving-Window approach to EHRM detection introduced here, along with proposed methodology guidelines for future EHRM studies, should allow researchers to better investigate and understand these behaviors across a variety of taxa.

scholarly journals Integrating telemetry data into spatial capture-recapture modifies inferences on multi-scale resource selection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel W. Linden ◽  
Alexej P. K. Sirén ◽  
Peter J. Pekins
Keyword(s):  
Resource Selection ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Telemetry Data ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Conservation And Management

AbstractEstimating population size and resource selection functions (RSFs) are common approaches in applied ecology for addressing wildlife conservation and management objectives. Traditionally such approaches have been undertaken separately with different sources of data. Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) provides a framework for jointly estimating density and multi-scale resource selection, and data integration techniques provide opportunities for improving inferences from SCR models. Here we illustrate an application of integrated SCR-RSF modeling to a population of American marten (Martes americana) in alpine forests of northern New England. Spatial encounter data from camera traps were combined with telemetry locations from radio-collared individuals to examine how density and space use varied with spatial environmental features. We compared multi-model inferences between the integrated SCR-RSF model with telemetry and a standard SCR model with no telemetry. The integrated SCR-RSF model supported more complex relationships with spatial variation in third-order resource selection (i.e., individual space use), including selection for areas with shorter distances to mixed coniferous forest and rugged terrain. Both models indicated increased second-order selection (i.e., density) for areas close to mixed coniferous forest, while the integrated SCR-RSF model had a lower effect size due to modulation from spatial variability in space use. Our application of the integrated SCR-RSF model illustrates the improved inferences from spatial encounter data that can be achieved from integrating auxiliary telemetry data. Integrated modeling allows ecologists to join empirical data to ecological theory using a robust quantitative framework to better address conservation and management objectives.

scholarly journals Differences in movement and dynamic resource selection between breeders and floaters revealed with an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck space use model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Eisaguirre ◽  
Travis L. Booms ◽  
Christopher P. Barger ◽  
Stephen B. Lewis ◽  
Greg A. Breed
Keyword(s):  
Population Ecology ◽  
Resource Selection ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Breeding Seasons

AbstractIn populations of many taxa, a large fraction of sexually mature individuals do not breed but are attempting to enter the breeding population. Such individuals, often referred to as “floaters” play critical roles in determining dynamics and stability of these populations. Floaters are difficult to study, however, so we lack data on the roles they play in population ecology and conservation status of many species. Here, we paired satellite telemetry and a new mechanistic space use model based on an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to study the differential habitat selection and space use of floater and territorial golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos. Our sample consisted of 49 individuals tracked over complete breeding seasons across four years, totalling 104 eagle breeding seasons. Modeling these data with the new mechanistic approach was required to parse key differences in movement and separate aspects of resource selection from central place behavior. We found that floaters generally had more expansive space use patterns and larger home ranges, partitioning space with territorial individuals seemingly on fine scales through differential habitat and resource selection. Floater and territorial eagle home ranges overlapped markedly, suggesting floaters use the interstices between territories. Further, floater and territorial eagles differed in how they selected for uplift variables, key components of soaring birds’ energy landscape, with territorial eagles apparently better able to find and use thermal uplift. We also found relatively low individual heterogeneity in resource selection, especially among territorial individuals, suggesting a narrow realized niche for breeding individuals. This work furthers our understanding of floaters’ potential roles in population ecology of territorial species, as well as suggests that conserving landscapes occupied by territorial eagles also protects floaters.

Bulk Contributions Modulate the Sum-Frequency Generation Spectra of Interfacial Water on Model Sea-Spray Aerosols

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep K. Reddy ◽  
Raphael Thiraux ◽  
Bethany A. Wellen Rudd ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
Tehseen Adel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Interfacial Structure ◽  
Sea Spray ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Structure Of Water ◽  
Frequency Generation

Vibrational sum-frequency generation (vSFG) spectroscopy is used to determine the molecular structure of water at the interface of palmitic acid monolayers. Both measured and calculated spectra display speci c features due to third-order contributions to the vSFG response which are associated with nite interfacial electric potentials. We demonstrate that theoretical modeling enables to separate the third-order contributions, thus allowing for a systematic analysis of the strictly surface-sensitive, second-order component of the vSFG response. This study provides fundamental, molecular-level insights into the interfacial structure of water in a neutral surfactant system with relevance to single layer bio-membranes and environmentally relevant sea-spray aerosols. These results emphasize the key role that computer simulations can play in interpreting vSFG spectra and revealing microscopic details of water at complex interfaces, which can be difficult to extract from experiments due to the mixing of second-order, surface-sensitive and third-order, bulk-dependent contributions to the vSFG response.

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