scholarly journals Relationship between Body Chemical Composition and Reproductive Traits in Rabbit Does

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2299
Author(s):  
Meriem Taghouti ◽  
Javier García ◽  
Miguel A. Ibáñez ◽  
Raúl E. Macchiavelli ◽  
Nuria Nicodemus
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship among live weight, chemical body composition and energy content (at artificial insemination (AI) and three days before parturition), estimated by bioelectrical impedance with fertility rates and the percentage of kits born alive, was studied during the first three AI. The first AI was conducted at 16 weeks of age in 137 rabbit does that weighted 3.91 ± 0.46 kg. Their body chemical composition was 17.4 ± 0.50%, 16.1 ± 2.6%, 1067 ± 219 kJ/100 g body weight, for protein, fat and energy, respectively. An increase in body protein, fat and energy content at the first AI did not affect fertility at the first AI but improved it at the second AI (p ≤ 0.030). Moreover, an increase in body fat and energy content at the second AI improved fertility at the second AI (p ≤ 0.001). Fertility at the third AI was positively influenced by body protein at the third AI and the increase in body protein and fat between the second parturition and the third AI (p ≤ 0.030). The percentage of kits born alive at the first and at the second AI improved with the increase in body protein at the first AI (p ≤ 0.040). In conclusion, a minimal body protein and fat content is required at the first AI to optimize the reproductive performance in young does.

Physical and chemical composition of the body of breeding sows with differing body subcutaneous fat depth at parturition, differing nutrition during lactation and differing litter size

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Total Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large White ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical composition of sows was determined at first mating (no. = 6), weaning the first litter (12) and 14 days after weaning the fourth litter (24). The sows were from 108 Large White/Landrace Fl hybrid gilts allocated in a factorial arrangement according to two levels of subcutaneous fatness at parturition (12 v. 22 mm P2), two levels of lactation feeding (3 v. 7 kg) and two sizes of sucking litter (six v. 10). Treatments significantly influenced the composition of dissected carcass fat and chemical lipid, but not composition of dissected lean and chemical protein. The final body protein mass of well fed sows at the termination of parity 4 was 41 kg, and the total content of gross energy (GE) in excess of 3000 MJ, with an average of 12·4 MJ GE per kg live weight; equivalent values for the less well fed sows were 33 kg and 9·4 MJ GE per kg live weight respectively. The weights of chemical lipid and protein could be predicted from the equations: lipid (kg) = -20·4 (s.e. 4·5) + 0·21 (s.e. 0·02) live weight + 1·5 (s.e. 0·2) P2; protein (kg) = -2·3 (s.e. 1·6) + 0·19 (s.e. 0·01) live weight - 0·22 (s.e. 0·07) P2. On average, sows lost 9 kg lipid and 3 kg protein in the course of the 28-day lactation; these being proportionately about 0·16 and 0·37 of the live-weight losses respectively. Maternal energy requirement for maintenance was estimated as 0·50 MJ digestible energy (DE) per kg M0·75, while the efficiency of use of DE for energy retention was 0·28.

scholarly journals Housing Rabbit Does in a Combi System with Removable Walls: Effect on Behaviour and Reproductive Performance

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Dal Bosco ◽  
Cecilia Mugnai ◽  
Melania Martino ◽  
Zsolt Szendrő ◽  
Simona Mattioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Sexual Receptivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Skin Injuries ◽  
Individual Cage ◽  
Different Parts

We evaluated the effects of two types of colony cages, in which rabbit does were always in a group (C1), and where they were in combi cages furnished with removable internal walls to allow both individual and grouphousing (C2), in addition to the control group (C: conventional individual cage), on welfare, reproductive performance, and global efficiency. Forty-eight New Zealand White nulliparous rabbit does underwent artificially insemination (AI) and were divided into three groups, and reared in the different systems for about 1 year. The reproductive rhythm provides AIs at weaning (30d). In the C1 system, does were continuously grouped, while in C2, walls were inserted four days before kindling and removed 1week after it (60% of the timesheet in group). Reproductive traits and behaviour were evaluated during the entire year. The behavioural observations were performed around days 7, 36, and 44, corresponding to the inclusion of the does in the maternal cages, the insertion of walls four days before kindling, and the removal of the walls 1week after parturition in the C2 group, respectively. The percentages of does with severe skin injuries and the distribution of the injuries on different parts of body were also registered. Does reared in conventional cages showed the greatest presence of stereotype behaviours, while the C1 group showed the highest (p < 0.05) incidence of aggressiveness after regrouping (attack, dominance features, and lower allo-grooming) in comparison to the C2 group (17% and 22%, in C2 and C1 does, respectively).Individually caged does achieved the best productive performance (sexual receptivity, fertility, kindling rate, and number of kits born alive and at weaning). The C1 group showed the lowest performance (p < 0.05), whereas C2 showed an intermediate one. Does housed in the combi cage (C2) had higher (p < 0.05) receptivity and fertility rates and higher numbers of kits born alive and at weaning (79.2% and 76.2%; 7.95 and 7.20, respectively) than the C1 group, but lower values (p < 0.05) than does that were individually housed.

Influence of different rootstocks on the vegetative and reproductive performance of Vitis vinifera L. Malbec under irrigated conditions

OENO One ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Di Filippo ◽  
Hernán Vila
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grape Yield

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>:Atrial of cv. Malbec grafted to six different rootstocks (Harmony, SO4, 1103 P, 140 Ru, 3309 C and Cereza) and own rooted cv. Malbec (ORMa) was carried out with the aim to study the influence of rootstock on the vegetative and reproductive performance of cv. Malbec. Another objective was to study the relationship between below ground (i.e., rootstock) and above ground (i.e., scion) growth under irrigated conditions, typical of Argentine viticulture.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Four groups of rootstocks could be distinguished according to their vegetative and reproductive performance. The first group (Cereza and 3309 C, as ORMa) showed intermediate yield and high vegetative expression (VE). The second group (SO4 and 1103 P) was characterized by high yield and intermediate VE. The third group (140 Ru) displayed intermediate yield and low VE. Finally, the fourth group (Harmony) showed low yield and low VE. 140 Ru showed the highest number of roots, while 1103 P, SO4 and Harmony showed the lowest number. Harmony showed a greater skin to berry ratio than 1103 P and a lower berry weight (1.56 g) than the rest of the treatments (1.7 g on average).</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Rootstocks influenced the biomass partitioning between leaves, grapes and roots: 140 Ru promoted root and reproductive development; Cereza, 3309 C and ORMa promoted vegetative development; SO4 and 1103 P promoted grape yield; and Harmony promoted root development.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: The absence of a general behavior pattern highlights the need to accurately assess the performance of each rootstock for each zone and each <em>Vitis</em> variety, in order to choose the most appropriate scion-rootstock combination.</p>

The contribution of the conceptus to weight change in pregnant Merino ewes at pasture

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wheeler ◽  
T. F. Reardon ◽  
D. A. Hedges ◽  
R. L. Rocks
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Energy Reserve ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYSeventy-nine pregnant Merino ewes grazing pasture at two intensities were slaughtered in groups at intervals from 60 days after conception to post-partum. Sixty-one nonpregnant ewes were also slaughtered. The weights of various organs including uteri and their contents were recorded and the energy content of each ewe was determined.The weight of uterine contents (conceptus) increased rectilinearly with increasing foetal age to 100 days: differences between singles and twins were not significant. From 100 days to term, the relationship was also rectilinear but the slope was greater: a more rapid increase occurred with twins than with singles (P < 0·05). The nutritional difference imposed did not affect the relationship.A regression of total energy reserve on live weight (less fleece and conceptus) was established. Differences between this relationship and those established separately for non-pregnant, pregnant and post-partum ewes were not significant.The contribution of changes in conceptus weight to live-weight changes in gravid ewes is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of variety, growing region and growing season on digestible energy content of wheats grown in Western Australia for weaner pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kim ◽  
B. P. Mullan ◽  
P. H. Simmins ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Weaner Pigs ◽  
Growing Region

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to examine the digestible energy (DE) content for weanling pigs in a cohort of wheats grown in Western Australia, and to establish relationships between DE content and their chemical composition. The 3 ✕ 3 ✕ 2 factorial experiment examined the wheat variety (Arrino, Stiletto and Westonia), growing location (high, medium and low rainfall zone) and harvest year (1999 and 2000). Pigs (no. = 5 per diet) aged about 28 days were given a diet at a level of 0·05 ✕ live weight containing 900 g/kg of the wheat and an acid-insoluble ash marker for 10 days, with samples of faeces collected from each pig for the final 5 days. The average live weight of pigs was 6·6 (s.d. 0·77) kg. The DE content of wheats harvested in 1999 varied by up to 1·3 MJ/kg, while wheats harvested in 2000 varied by up to 1·8 MJ/kg. When the 2 years’ data were combined, the DE content ranged from 12·5 to 14·4 MJ/kg. Both the variety and growing region significantly influenced (P < 0·05, P < 0·001, respectively in year 1999; P < 0·001, P < 0·01, respectively in year 2000) the DE content of wheat. Also, DE content of wheat differed significantly due to growing season (P < 0·001). Correlation studies between chemical composition and DE content of the wheats found significant inverse relationships between DE content and total xylose (r = –0·719, P < 0·05), insoluble xylose (r = –0·742, P < 0·05), neutral-detergent fibre (r = –0·839, P < 0·01), total-P (r = –0·833, P < 0·01), and phytate-P (r = –0·753, P < 0·05) contents with the wheats harvested in 1999. However, such relationships were not significant (P > 0·05) with the wheats harvested in 2000. In addition, the precipitation level (mm) during the growing season of wheats was strongly correlated (r = –0·821, P < 0·01) to the DE content of wheat in year 1999, but was not correlated in 2000. The results indicate that the genetic and environmental conditions during the growth of wheat have a significant impact on the utilization of plant energy in weaner pigs, and that greater attention needs to be paid to these influences in the assignment of energy values for wheats given to weaner pigs.

The relationship between heterozygosity and heterosis in reproductive traits in mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McGloughlin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Outbred Mice ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTContinuous reciprocal backcrossing results in individuals which are 67% heterozygous, and which, assuming a linear relationship between heterozygosity and heterosis, would be expected to exhibit 67% of the heterosis found in Fi hybrids. An experiment was undertaken to investigate this relationship in the reproductive traits of mice. By crossing and repeated backcrossing in both directions using two unrelated strains of outbred mice, females were produced which were 25, 50, 75 and 100% heterozygous. The crossbred females and the two purebred strains (922 females in all) were mated to a sire line of a genetically distinct strain to standardize foetal heterosis. The reproductive performance of females with different percentage heterozygosity gave estimates of maternal heterosis. A significant positive linear relationship was found between heterozy-gosity and heterosis in litter size, total weight of litter and individual weight of progeny both at birth and at weaning. The relevance of these results for livestock breeding is discussed.

GENETIC CONDITIONS OF COWS REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS DISEASES IN SUBPOPULATIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
V. M. Kuznetsov ◽  
G. B. Revina ◽  
L. I. Astashenkova
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of the studies, the relationship of reproductive traits with adaptability was revealed, which were characterized by low heritability and were subject to inbred depression. Selection rates increased from generation to generation by an average of 13.8 %, but did not always lead to changes in disease rates. The correlation coefficient between milk yield of cows during the first 305 days of lactation and service period was -0,227± 0,013 (F test of 5.2), the coefficient of the linear regression of service period on milk yield for 305 days of first lactation – 0,45±0,033. A positive correlation (r =+52±0,012) was revealed between the milk yield of full-aged cows during 305 days of lactation and the number of cows eliminated due to infertility. Genetic and environmental factors together exceeded the threshold of adaptability, so the body's ability to resist became weakened. The correlation coefficient for daughter-mother for the duration of the disease +0,33±0,022, age of animals at the beginning of the disease – +0,36±0,021. Coefficients of repeatability gynecological diseases in cows from the first to the second lactation + 0,807, from the second to the third + 0,892, from the first to the third – + 0,454. From the data obtained, it follows that heritability depends on factors, each of which has a relatively small impact on variability and is determined by many genes. Features with a threshold deviation are not related to the efficiency of selection by productivity. Gynecological pathologies in offspring arise under the influence of different alleles systems.

scholarly journals The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present experiment was to define the form of the relationship between varying levels of energy intake at constant, high protein intake and the performance of young pigs. By doing so it was expected that we could distinguish between four models that predict the pig's responses to its diet as rates of protein and lipid retention. Forty young pigs were assigned at 12 kg live weight either to an initial slaughter group (n 8) or to one of four allowances of starch intake at a constant intake of a high-protein feed (with 345 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg food). Half the pigs were killed after 4 weeks and half after 8 weeks on the treatments; at each slaughter point on each treatment half the pigs were entire males and half were females. Increasing the intake of starch (energy) resulted in significant increases in the rates of live weight, empty-body, protein and lipid gains of pigs slaughtered at both stages. There was no minimum positive lipid: protein ratio in the gain of the pigs. Male pigs deposited more protein and less lipid than females but this effect of sex on protein and lipid retention was seen only on the two highest allowances of starch intake. The calculated efficiency of protein utilization increased with increasing starch intake up to a maximum of 0.81, when probably the energy: protein in the diet became non-limiting. The results led to the rejection of two of the models that predict the rates of protein and lipid retention as responses to protein and energy intake, but the two remaining models could not be rejected, at least qualitatively.

Relative precision of the tritiated water and slaughter techniques for estimating energy retention in grazing sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Reardon
Keyword(s):  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Relative Precision ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYThe errors of the slaughter and tritiated water techniques of estimating energy retention were compared in a group of grazing sheep deprived of feed and water for 48 hr. It was calculated that the mean energy retention of the experimental animals would have had a standard error of 3·64 Mcal if estimated by the slaughter technique, and 1·56 Mcal if estimated by the tritiated water technique. It was concluded that in other experimental groups the precision of the relationship between energy content and live weight is likely to be the most important determinant of the relative precision of the two methods. In neither method would worthwhile gains in precision result from knowledge of the weight of the contents of the alimentary tract.

The nutritive value of roughages for sheep II. The relationship between the gross digestible energy and the chemical composition of silages

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
W. R. Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

1. The relationship existing between the gross digestible energy content and the chemical composition of twenty-four silages has been studied with nine Cheviot wether lambs over a period of 8 months.2. Silages were made from grassland herbage and varied widely in the chemical composition of the ingoing material.3. Each silage was fed to a group of three lambs for a 10-day preliminary- and a 9-day collectionperiod. Faeces and urine were collected in metabolism crates.4. The silages were analysed for volatile acids and bases, for proximate nutrients and for some of the more precise chemical constituents as suggested in the scheme of analysis of Ferguson (1948).5. A close relationship existed between the gross digestible energy contents of the silages and the lignin (Ellis) content.6. The most accurate prediction of gross digestible energy was obtained by taking into account the content of lignin (Ellis), cellulose (Crampton & Maynard) and crude protein, in the silage.7. In the case of hays (Walker & Hepburn, 1955) no increase in the accuracy of predicting gross digestible energy was obtained by estimating the lignin and cellulose content, rather than crude fibre alone. However, with silages the results give support to the opinion of Mitchell (1942) and Schneider et al. (1951) that analysis for more precise chemical constituents will increase the accuracy of predicting digestibility.8. Crude fibre and cellulose were not related in any fixed way with the digestibility of energy. Crude fibre itself was digested to some 80% compared with 62% in hays.9. Metabolizable energy was closely related to digestible energy.10. The starch equivalents of the silages were calculated by conventional methods and also from the content of gross digestible energy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document