scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Algae-Derived Polysaccharides on Morphology, Tight Junctions, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response of Duodenum in Broilers under Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2279
Author(s):  
Wen-Chao Liu ◽  
Yan-Ru Zhu ◽  
Zhi-Hui Zhao ◽  
Ping Jiang ◽  
Fu-Quan Yin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

To evaluate the ameliorative effect of algae-derived polysaccharide (ADP) supplementation on duodenal injury caused by heat stress (HS) in broilers, a total of 144 male yellow-feathered broilers (56-day-old) were randomly allocated into three groups: The TN group (thermoneutral zone, broilers were raised at 23.6 ± 1.8 °C); HS group (heat stress, broilers were exposed to 33.2 ± 1.5 °C 10 h/day, 8:00 a.m.–18:00 p.m., the temperature in the remaining period was consistent with the TN group); HSA group (heat-stressed broilers were fed with ADP supplemented diet at 1000 mg/kg). There were six replications in each treatment, and eight broilers in each replication. The feeding trial lasted four weeks. The results showed that dietary ADP supplementation tended to increase the villus height (p = 0.077) and villus width (p = 0.062), and decrease the apoptosis rate (p = 0.081) in the duodenum of broilers under HS. Furthermore, dietary ADP increased the relative mRNA and protein (based on immunofluorescence) expression levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the duodenum of broilers under HS (p < 0.05). In addition, dietary ADP enhanced the total antioxidation capacity (T-AOC) and activity of glutathione-S transferase (GST), while reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of the duodenum in broilers under HS (p < 0.05). Moreover, dietary ADP supplementation upregulated the duodenal nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) mRNA expression levels in heat-stressed broilers (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the HS group, broilers fed with an ADP supplemented diet had a higher relative mRNA expression of inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκBα) (p < 0.05) and a lower relative mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the duodenum (p < 0.05). In summary, dietary ADP supplementation had an ameliorative effect on HS-induced impairment of tight junctions, antioxidant capacity and the immune response of the duodenum in broilers. These beneficial effects might be related to the modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

The Low Expression of DUSP1 and HSPA5 Inhibits Chicken Immune Response and Causes Decreased Immunity under Heat Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwu Zhang ◽  
Jiguo Xu ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Lianghui Zhou ◽  
Qinghua Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Mhc I ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background As a major stressor, high temperatures negatively affect the poultry industry, through impairments to chicken immunity and production performance. The purpose of this study is to clarify how chicken immune systems responded to heat stress with and without immunization. In the present study, spleen and bursa of Fabricius of experimental chickens were subjected to RNA-seq. Key genes influencing immune response in heat-stressed chickens were identified and their functions validated. Results Immunized and heat-stressed chickens experienced a significant reduction in immune function. The expression of immune-related genes and heat stress-related genes in the spleen increased after immunization and decreased after heat stress, but in the bursa of Fabricius, few of these genes were differentially expressed after immunization and heat stress, indicating insensitivity to high temperature and the lack of vaccine processing. In the non-heat-stressed groups, spleen expression of DUSP1 and HSPA5 decreased significantly, suggesting their relationship to immunity. Upon DUSP1 or HSPA5 overexpression, the mRNA expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, CD86, CD1C, IL1B, IL6, and TLR4 was earlier than that under LPS stimulation only, indicating that DUSP1 or HSPA5 overexpression enhances HD11 recognition LPS. Inhibiting DUSP1 or HSPA5 expression, the mRNA expression levels of MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80, CD86, IL6 and TLR4 did not change significantly from LPS-stimulation-only levels but CD1C significantly decreased, suggesting that HD11 recognition of LPS is affected by DUSP1 or HSPA5 expression levels. Conclusions The inhibition of immune response due to lowly expressed DUSP1 and HSPA5 may be the cause of decreased immunity in chickens.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Ze Fan ◽  
Jinnan Li ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Chang’an Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Mirror Carp ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

As an intermediate substance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a precursor substance of glutamic acid synthesis, the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on growth and protein synthesis has been extensively studied. However, its prevention and treatment of pathogenic bacteria and its mechanism have not yet been noticed. To evaluate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on intestinal antioxidant capacity and immune response of Songpu mirror carp, a total of 360 fish with an average initial weight of 6.54 ± 0.08 g were fed diets containing alpha-ketoglutarate with 1% for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 2 weeks. The results indicated that alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of carp after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P &lt; 0.05), and the contents of immune digestion enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and the concentration of complement C4 were markedly enhanced after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). Also, appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity and catalase and prevented the up-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were strikingly increased after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P &lt; 0.05), while the TLR4 was strikingly decreased with alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-7, claudin-11 and myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) were upregulated after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P &lt; 0.05). In summary, the appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation could increase survival rate, strengthen the intestinal enzyme immunosuppressive activities, antioxidant capacities and alleviate the intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the intestinal immune responses and barrier functions of Songpu mirror carp via activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathways after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila.

scholarly journals Changes in the Expression of DNA Methylation Related Genes in Leukocytes of Persons with Alcohol and Drug Dependence

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
M. Krasteva ◽  
Y. Koycheva ◽  
T. Taseva ◽  
S. Simeonova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Disease Manifestation ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

AbstractBackground and objectives. Though numerous studies have shown that the dysregulation of the epigenetic control is involved in disease manifestation, limited data is available on the transcriptional activity of DNA methylation related genes in alcohol and drug addiction. With regard to this, in this study we analyzed the expression levels of genes involved in DNA methylation, including DNMT1, DNMT3a, MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3 and MBD4, in blood samples of alcohol and drug dependent persons in comparison to healthy abstainers.Methods. The study included 51 participants: 16 persons with alcohol dependence, 17 persons with drug dependence and 18 clinically healthy controls. To detect the relative mRNA expression levels of the studied genes, Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis was applied.Results. Of the seven studied genes, four showed altered expression. MeCP2 and MBD1 were downregulated in the alcohol dependent group (FC = 0.805, p = 0.015 and FC = 0.846, p = 0.034, respectively), while DNMT1 and MBD4 were upregulated in the group with drug dependence (FC = 1.262, p = 0.001 and FC = 1.249, p = 0.005, respectively). No statistically significant changes in the relative mRNA expression were found for DNMT3a, MBD2 and MBD3 genes.Conclusions. Our results are indicative for a role of DNA methylation related genes in alcohol and drug addiction mediated through changes in their transcriptional activity. Studies in this direction will enable better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of addictions supporting the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Dietary Dihydroartemisinin Supplementation Attenuates Hepatic Oxidative Damage of Weaned Piglets with Intrauterine Growth Retardation through the Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Yongwei Zhao ◽  
Yu Niu ◽  
Jintian He ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Normal Birth

The object of present study was to evaluate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) supplementation on the hepatic antioxidant capacity in IUGR-affected weaned piglets. Eight piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and sixteen IUGR-affected piglets were selected. Piglets were weaned at 21 days. NBW and IUGR groups were fed a basal diet and the ID group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg DHA for 28 days. The result indicated that compared with NBW piglets, IUGR-affected piglets increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased (p < 0.05) the serum activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). In addition, IUGR-affected piglets showed increased (p < 0.05) hepatic concentrations of protein carbonyl (PC), 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and an increased GSSG:GSH value. IUGR-affected piglets exhibited lower (p < 0.05) activities of GSH-Px, T-SOD, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and the concentration of glutathione (GSH). DHA supplementation decreased (p < 0.05) the serum concentration of MDA and increased the serum activities of T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT. The ID group showed decreased (p < 0.05) concentrations of MDA, PC, 8-OHdG, and GSSG, and a decreased GSSG:GSH value in the liver. The hepatic activity of T-SOD and the concentration of GSH were increased (p < 0.05) in the liver of ID group. IUGR-affected piglets downregulated (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and CAT. DHA supplementation increased (p < 0.05) mRNA expression of Nrf2, HO-1, GPx1, and CAT in the ID group. In addition, the protein expression of Nrf2 was downregulated (p < 0.05) in the liver of IUGR-affected piglets and DHA supplementation increased (p < 0.05) the protein content of Nrf2 and HO-1. In conclusion, DHA may be beneficial in alleviating oxidative damage induced by IUGR through the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in the liver.

Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta ARHGDIB in renal cell cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 474-474
Author(s):  
Christoph A. J. von Klot ◽  
Natalia Dubrowinskaja ◽  
Jörg Hennenlotter ◽  
Mario W. Kramer ◽  
Axel S. Merseburger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gdp Dissociation Inhibitor ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

474 Background: Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (ARHGDIB) is an important mediator of cellular signaling. The expression of ARHGDIB correlates with tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of non genitourinary cancers, however the role of ARHGDIB in renal cell cancer (RCC) has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Tissue samples from 106 patients undergoing surgery for RCC were obtained. The expression of ARHGDIB mRNA in normal kidney tissue and in corresponding cancer tissue was analyzed by means of quantitative real time PCR. Differences in mRNA expression levels were assessed using paired two-sample tests. Associations of relative mRNA expression levels and clinicopathological parameters were statistically analyzed using an univariate logistic regression model. Relative mRNA expression levels in healthy renal tissue compared to cancerous tissue from the same kidney was assessed using a paired t-test. Results: When comparing 74 tissues from kidney tumors with adjacent histologically normal appearing paired tissues, mRNA expression of ARHGDIB was significantly higher in the tumor tissue (p < 0.001). Paired analysis did not only show significantly higher mRNA expression levels for ARHGDIB over all RCC but also for the subgroup with clear cell RCC (ccRCC). The mRNA expression of ARHGDIB was also more pronounced in ccRCC when compared with papillary RCC (p < 0.001). When looking at clinicopathological parameters in univariate logistic regression analysis ccRCC was significantly associated with nodal involvement (p = 0.03) and also with tumor grade (p = 0.05). For all RCC there was no association with clinicopathological parameters. A bivariate Cox regression model, adjusted for metastatic status (p = 0.001), tumor diameter (p = 0.043), state of advanced disease (p = 0.030) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.006) identified ARHGDIB mRNA expression as a candidate positive prognosticator for RFS. Conclusions: Increased ARHGDIB mRNA expression is significantly associated with RCC tissues. Higher relative expression observed within tumor tissues represents a candidate prognosticator for better RFS of patients.

scholarly journals 17β-Estradiol Is Involved in the Sexual Dimorphism of the Immune Response to Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Cervantes-Candelas ◽  
Jesús Aguilar-Castro ◽  
Fidel Orlando Buendía-González ◽  
Omar Fernández-Rivera ◽  
Teresita de Jesús Nolasco-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intact Female ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

Malaria is the leading cause of parasitic infection-related death globally. Additionally, malaria-associated mortality is higher in men than in women, and this sexual dimorphism reflects differences in innate and adaptive immune responses that are influenced by sex hormones. Normally, females develop more robust immune responses against parasites than males. However, most clinical and laboratory studies related to the immune response to malaria do not consider sex as a variable, and relatively few studies have compared the sex-dependent role of 17β-estradiol in this process. In this study, we decreased in vivo the levels of 17β-estradiol by gonadectomy or administered 17β-estradiol to intact or gonadectomized male and female CBA/Ca mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Subsequently, we assessed the effects of 17β-estradiol on parasite load; the percentages of different immune cells in the spleen; the plasma levels of antibodies and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; and the mRNA expression levels of cytokine-encoding genes in the brain. The results showed that the administration of 17β-estradiol increased parasitemia and decreased body weight in intact female mice. Moreover, intact females exhibited higher levels of CD8+ T cells and lower levels of NK1.1+ cells than their male counterparts under the same condition. Gonadectomy increased IFN-γ and decreased TNF-α concentrations only in intact female mice. Additionally, IL-10 levels were higher in intact females than in their male counterparts. Finally, the mRNA expression levels of cytokines coding genes in the brain showed a dimorphic pattern, i.e., gonadectomy upregulated Tnf, Il1b, and Il10 expression in males but not in females. Our findings explain the sexual dimorphism in the immune response to malaria, at least in part, and suggest potential sex-dependent implications for the efficacy of vaccines or drugs targeting malaria.

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