scholarly journals Detecting Welfare in a Non-Verbal Species: Social/Cultural Biases and Difficulties in Horse Welfare Assessment

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Martine Hausberger ◽  
Clémence Lesimple ◽  
Séverine Henry
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Welfare State

Horses were domesticated for more than 5000 years and have been one of the most emblematic species living alongside humans. This long-shared history would suggest that horses are well known and well understood, but scientific data raise many concerns about the welfare state of most domestic horses suggesting that many aspects have been largely misunderstood. In the present review, we will examine some of the possible human factors that may explain the huge prevalence of welfare problems, despite horses being of special importance to humans. First of all, as horses are non-verbal, current management practices rely upon what one thinks is good for them, which opens the way to subjective interpretations and projections, based on one’s own subjective experience but probably still more on cultural/social norms and influences, traditions and beliefs. The lack of recognition, identification, or even the misinterpretation of signals are other potential reasons for welfare issues. Lastly, the over-exposure to animals with expressions of compromised welfare may lead to lower sensitivity of owners/professionals. That is why we lastly suggest that instead of simply providing information on what to do, we should promote validated visible indicators that leave less room for personal interpretation.

Radiographic Prevalence of Osteochondrosis in Yearling Feral Horses

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Valentino ◽  
E. M. Gaughan ◽  
D. R. Biller ◽  
R. H. Raub ◽  
J. D. Lillich
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joints ◽  
Genetic Base ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joints

The purpose of the study is to document the prevalence of articular surface osteochondrosis lesions in feral horses. Eighty yearling feral horses were used. Radiographic images of the left stifle, both tarsocrural, metatarsophalangeal, metacarpophalangeal joints were taken. Radiographs were examined for the presence of osteochondral fragmentation and abnormal outline of subchondral bone suggestive of osteochondrosis. The prevalence of each lesion was calculated for each joint as well as for overall prevalence within the group, the latter being 6.25%. Typical osteochondrosis lesions were found within the tarsocrural and metatarsophalangeal joints. Based on the difference in prevalence of osteochondrosis between feral and certain domestic horses, management practices and perhaps genetic base may have a greater influence on the development of the disease in horses than trauma alone.

scholarly journals Food security among dryland pastoralists and agropastoralists: The climate, land-use change, and population dynamics nexus

2021 ◽  
pp. 205301962110075
Author(s):  
Ilan Stavi ◽  
Joana Roque de Pinho ◽  
Anastasia K Paschalidou ◽  
Susana B Adamo ◽  
Kathleen Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Land Use And Management

During the last decades, pastoralist, and agropastoralist populations of the world’s drylands have become exceedingly vulnerable to regional and global changes. Specifically, exacerbated stressors imposed on these populations have adversely affected their food security status, causing humanitarian emergencies and catastrophes. Of these stressors, climate variability and change, land-use and management practices, and dynamics of human demography are of a special importance. These factors affect all four pillars of food security, namely, food availability, access to food, food utilization, and food stability. The objective of this study was to critically review relevant literature to assess the complex web of interrelations and feedbacks that affect these factors. The increasing pressures on the world’s drylands necessitate a comprehensive analysis to advise policy makers regarding the complexity and linkages among factors, and to improve global action. The acquired insights may be the basis for alleviating food insecurity of vulnerable dryland populations.

Urinary Stone Disease in Pregnancy: Current Management Practices in a Large National Cohort

Urology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Kyle Spradling ◽  
Ericka M. Sohlberg ◽  
Shufeng Li ◽  
Chiyuan Amy Zhang ◽  
William D. Brubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals A critical appraisal of current management practices for infant regurgitation - recommendations of a working party

1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Vandenplas ◽  
D. Belli ◽  
P. Benhamou ◽  
S. Cadranel ◽  
J. P. Cezard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Working Party ◽  
Current Management

Chemical characterisation of deep profile Ferrosols under sugarcane in wet tropical northern Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Donn ◽  
N. W. Menzies ◽  
V. Rasiah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Selectivity Coefficients ◽  
Deep Profile

The chemical properties of deep profile samples (up to 12 m) of Ferrosols from northern Queensland were investigated to provide an understanding of the accumulation of nitrate (NO3) within these soil profiles. The influence of other cations and anions present in the soil solution or on the exchange and the charge chemistry of the profiles were examined with respect to the NO3 accumulations. The major ions in the soil solution were Na, NO3, and chloride (Cl). Distinct regions of anion accumulation were observed; SO4 accumulated in the upper profile of all cores, whereas NO3 and Cl accumulations were restricted to the lower profile of cores with appreciable AEC (>1�cmolc/kg). Gaines-Thomas selectivity coefficients were used to indicate exchange preference for cations and anions, and are as follows: Al > Ca ~ Mg > K > Na and sulfate (SO4) > Cl ~ NO3. The selectivity of SO4 increased and the extractable SO4 decreased in the lower profile of all cores. This has important implications for the adsorption of NO3 and Cl. The NO3 and Cl accumulations were shown to correspond to a region of low SO4 occupancy of the exchange sites in the lower profile. Along with the high SO4 selectivity, this suggests that SO4 may control the positioning of the NO3 accumulations. It was concluded that the NO3 accumulations were relatively stable under current management practices, although the reduction in NO3 inputs would likely see the gradual replacement of NO3 with Cl as a result of their comparable selectivity for exchange sites.

Estimating US federal wildland fire managers’ preferences toward competing strategic suppression objectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Calkin ◽  
Tyron Venn ◽  
Matthew Wibbenmeyer ◽  
Matthew P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Wildfire Management

Wildfire management involves significant complexity and uncertainty, requiring simultaneous consideration of multiple, non-commensurate objectives. This paper investigates the tradeoffs fire managers are willing to make among these objectives using a choice experiment methodology that provides three key advancements relative to previous stated-preference studies directed at understanding fire manager preferences: (1) a more immediate relationship between the instrument employed in measuring preferences and current management practices and operational decision-support systems; (2) an explicit exploration of how sociopolitical expectations may influence decision-making and (3) consideration of fire managers’ relative prioritisation of cost-containment objectives. Results indicate that in the current management environment, choices among potential suppression strategies are driven largely by consideration of risk to homes and high-value watersheds and potential fire duration, and are relatively insensitive to increases in cost and personnel exposure. Indeed, when asked to choose the strategy they would expect to choose under current social and political constraints, managers favoured higher-cost suppression strategies, ceteris paribus. However, managers indicated they would personally prefer to pursue strategies that were more cost-conscious and proportionate with values at risk. These results confirm earlier studies that highlight the challenges managerial incentives and sociopolitical pressures create in achieving cost-containment objectives.

scholarly journals Explaining the “Certification Gap” for Different Types of Oil Palm Smallholders in Riau Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakti Hutabarat ◽  
Maja Slingerland ◽  
Liesbeth Dries
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Certification Standards ◽  
Different Types

Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, and its smallholder oil palm plantations involve more than 2.3 million farmers. The rapid expansion of the oil palm area, and resulting negative environmental and social impacts, has increased the demand for sustainability certification for palm oil products. This study investigates whether different types of smallholders face different barriers in complying with certification standards. The study uses survey data from 829 smallholders in Riau, Sumatra. First, an assessment is made of the gap between current management practices and practices required by Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil standards for different types of smallholders. Second, the article explores explanations for the gap between current and required practices. Finally, an investigation is made of the different starting points of different types of smallholders. Results indicate that the diversity between smallholders affects their prospects for certification. To date, this diversity in smallholders has not been taken into account in the application of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil standards. This can help to explain the limited success of smallholder certifications in Indonesia.

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