scholarly journals Porcine Protein Hydrolysates (PEPTEIVA®) Promote Growth and Enhance Systemic Immunity in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Antoni Ibarz ◽  
Joana P. Firmino ◽  
Laura Fernández-Alacid ◽  
Ricardo Salomón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Immune

The effects of porcine plasma protein hydrolysate (PPH) on growth, feed efficiency, and immune responses was evaluated in Sparus aurata. Fish were fed two isoproteic (48% protein), isolipidic (17% fat), and isoenergetic diets (21.7 MJ/kg) diets, one of them containing 5% PPH at the expense of fishmeal. Both diets were tested for 92 days. A significant increase in growth was observed in fish fed the PPH diet in comparison to the control group (182.2 ± 4.4 vs. 173.8 ± 4.1 g), as well as an increase in feed intake without worsening FCR values. An ex vivo assay, with splenocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide, was conducted to evaluate the cellular immune competence of fish. Genes involved in humoral immunity (lys, IgM), pro- (tnf-α, il-1β), and anti-inflammatory (tgf-β1, il10) cytokines were upregulated in the PPH group in comparison to the control group. The inclusion of PPH in diets enhanced the antibacterial capacity of skin mucus, as the co-culture of selected bacteria (E. coli, V. anguillarum, and P. anguilliseptica) with skin mucus indicated. The present results showed that the PPH in low fishmeal diets (2%) promoted growth and feed efficiency, as well as enhancing the immune response, which indicates that this is a safe and functional ingredient for aquafeeds.

scholarly journals Low dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals from microalgae improves feed efficiency and modifies intermediary metabolisms in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Perera ◽  
David Sánchez-Ruiz ◽  
María Isabel Sáez ◽  
Alba Galafat ◽  
André Barany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid

Abstract The aim of this work was to evaluate two functional feeds for the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, containing low inclusion of two microalgae-based products (LB-GREENboost, LBGb; and LB-GUThealth, LBGh). Fish (12–13 g) were fed for 13 weeks a control diet or one of the four diets supplemented with both products at 0.5% or 1%. LBGb and LBGh did not affect specific growth rate or survival, but increased feed efficiency by decreasing feed intake and enlarging the intestines. LBGb increased hepatosomatic index and reduced cortisol levels in plasma, while both products lowered plasma lactate. Extensive metabolite and metabolic enzyme profiling revealed that microalgae supplementations, especially 1% LBGh: (i) decrease plasma lactate and increase hepatic glycogen, (ii) reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis, (iii) enhance hepatic lipogenic activity and lipid secretion, (iv) led fish to double triglyceride content in muscle and to stimulate its lipid oxidative capacity, and (v) increase the content of monounsaturated fatty acids and the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in muscle. This study demonstrates that both microalgae-based products are suited to improve feed efficiency and orchestrate significant changes in the intermediary metabolism in gilthead seabream juveniles.

scholarly journals Enterospora nucleophila (Microsporidia) in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata): Pathological Effects and Cellular Immune Response in Natural Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-576
Author(s):  
Amparo Picard-Sánchez ◽  
M. Carla Piazzon ◽  
Nahla Hossameldin Ahmed ◽  
Raquel Del Pozo ◽  
Ariadna Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Macrophage Aggregates

Enterospora nucleophila is a microsporidian responsible for an emaciative disease in gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata). Its intranuclear development and the lack of in vitro and in vivo models hinder its research. This study investigated the associated lesions, its detection by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the cellular immune response of naturally infected fish. The intensity of infection in the intestine was correlated with stunted growth and reduced body condition. At the beginning of the outbreaks, infection prevalence was highest in intestine and stomach, and in subsequent months, the prevalence decreased in the intestine and increased in hematopoietic organs and stomach. In heavy infections, the intestine had histologic lesions of enterocyte hypercellularity and proliferation of rodlet cells. Infected enterocytes had E. nucleophila spores in the cytoplasm, and a pyknotic nucleus, karyorhexis or karyolysis. Lymphocytes were present at the base of the mucosa, and eosinophilic granule cells were located between the enterocytes. In intestinal submucosa, macrophage aggregates containing spores were surrounded by lymphocytes and granulocytes, with submucosal infiltration of granulocytes. Macrophage aggregates appeared to develop into granulomata with necrotic areas containing parasite remnants. Immunohistochemistry revealed mast cells as the main type of granulocyte involved. Abundant IgM+ and IgT+ cells were identified by in situ hybridization in the submucosa when intracytoplasmic stages were present. This study describes the lesions of E. nucleophila in gilthead sea bream, an important aquaculture species.

scholarly journals Olive oil bioactive compounds increase body weight, and improve gut health and integrity in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enric Gisbert ◽  
Karl B. Andree ◽  
José C. Quintela ◽  
Josep A. Calduch-Giner ◽  
Ignacio R. Ipharraguerre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Pathogen Recognition Receptors ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation

AbstractAn olive oil bioactive extract (OBE) rich in bioactive compounds like polyphenols, triterpenic acids, long-chain fatty alcohols, unsaturated hydrocarbons, tocopherols and sterols was tested (0, 0·08, 0·17, 0·42 and 0·73 % OBE) in diets fed to sea bream (Sparus aurata) (initial weight: 5·4 (sd 1·2) g) during a 90-d trial (four replicates). Fish fed diets containing 0·17 and 0·42 % OBE were 5 % heavier (61·1 (sd 1·6) and 60·3 (sd 1·1) g, respectively) than those of the control group (57·0 (sd 0·7) g), although feed conversion ratio and specific feed intake did not vary. There were no differences in lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the intestine and liver, although there was a tendency of lower intestinal and hepatic LPO levels in fish fed OBE diets. No differences in villus size were found among treatments, whereas goblet cell density in the control group was on average14·3 % lower than in fish fed OBE diets. The transcriptomic profiling of intestinal markers, covering different biological functions like (i) cell differentiation and proliferation, (ii) intestinal permeability, (iii) enterocyte mass and epithelial damage, (iv) IL and cytokines, (v) pathogen recognition receptors and (vi) mitochondria function, indicated that among the eighty-eight evaluated genes, twenty-nine were differentially expressed (0·17 % OBE diet), suggesting that the additive has the potential of improving the condition and defensive role of the intestine by enhancing the maturation of enterocytes, reducing oxidative stress, improving the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and enhancing the intestinal innate immune function, as gene expression data indicated.

Whole blood optimization and genetic association of ex vivo TNF-α responsiveness to killed E. coli in Danish Holstein cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
M. Khatun ◽  
H.B.H. Jørgensen ◽  
A. Ehsani ◽  
M.S. Lund ◽  
G. Sahana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Association ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Effect of Cassave leaf flavonoid extract on TNF-α expressions in rat models suffering from periodontitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Zahara Meilawaty ◽  
Banun Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Bacteria playing a role in periodontitis are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that can release endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS acts as a stimulus to a variety of host cells that can stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in periodontal disease, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Increased TNF-α then can lead to periodontal tissue destruction. Furthermore, cassava leaves have many health benefits due to flavonoid organic compound contained, known to possess anti-inflammatory activity are used as a medicine. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of cassava leaf flavonoid extract as a basic ingredient of anti-inflammatory gel on TNF-α expression in Wistar rats suffering from periodontitis induced with Escherichia coli (E. coli) LPS. Method: This study used 24 male Wistar rats. Those rats were divided into six groups. Group 1 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 2 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 3 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. Group 4 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 25%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. Group 5 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was performed on day 3. And, group 6 consisted of four rats induced with E. coli LPS for 2 weeks, treated with the topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel (Manihot esculenta) at a concentration of 50%, and then decapitation was conducted on day 7. The topical Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel was inserted into gingival sulcus on the first right molar of their lower jaw by using a blunted syringe needle. The gel was given two times a day for 7 days. Result: The expression of TNF-α in the control group was more than that in the treatment groups given the Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentrations of 25% and 50%. The expression of TNF-α in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 50% was lower than that in the treatment groups given the cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel at the concentration of 25%. Conclusion: Cassava leaf flavonoid extract gel could be used as an anti-inflammatory gel characterized by a decrease in TNF-α expression in rat models suffering from periodontitis.

The effect of zinc supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 AND IL-6) in mice with Escherichia coli LPS-induced diarrhea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulaiman Yusuf ◽  
Yati Soenarto ◽  
Muhammad Juffrie ◽  
Wiryatun Lestariana
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Background and Objectives: Inflammation in the intestine causes diarrhea due to an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6. These are triggered by the exposure of E. coli-LPS to epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa as well as low concentration of zinc in plasma such as in infants or children who are experiencing diarrhea. This paper aims to determine the effects of zinc supplementation on pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6) in mice with E. coli-LPS-induced diarrhea. Materials and Methods: This study used a controlled trial experimental design in the laboratory. A sample size of 20 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1) Control group was given standard foods, 2) Trial group was given E. coli-LPS 2.5 mg/kg/oral once on day1, 3) Prevention group was given E. coli-LPS + 30 mg/kg/oral of zinc once daily for 12 days, 4) Therapeutic group was given E. coli-LPS, and were then given 30 mg/kg/oral of zinc once daily for 12 days if diarrhea occurred. Blood samples of mice were taken through the orbital sinus on the 0, 5th, 10th hour, and on the 4th, 8th and 12th days. Results: Positive effects of zinc supplementation on levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed, in which the higher levels of zinc were present, the lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α were observed. However, there was an increase of IL-1 and IL-6 levels on the 8th day in the prevention and therapeutic groups. Conclusion: Oral zinc supplementation had a significant positive effect on the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Where there were higher levels of zinc, lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α were present.

scholarly journals Skin Mucus of Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.). Protein Mapping and Regulation in Chronically Stressed Fish

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
Genciana Terova ◽  
Paula Simó-Mirabet ◽  
Simona Rimoldi ◽  
Ole Folkedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Gilthead Sea Bream ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Protein Mapping ◽  
L Protein

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Inclusion of the Green Seaweed Ulva ohnoi as an Ingredient in Feeds for Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1684
Author(s):  
Francisca P. Martínez-Antequera ◽  
Juan A. Martos-Sitcha ◽  
Jose M. Reyna ◽  
Francisco J. Moyano
Keyword(s):  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
European Sea Bass ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Ulva Ohnoi

This study evaluated the use of Ulva ohnoi as an ingredient in feeds for aquaculture in three different experiments. Experiment 1 was oriented to confirm the negative effect of U. ohnoi on fish digestion. Experiment 2 assessed the effect on growth, feed efficiency, and immune status of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed on diets including U. ohnoi, previously treated or not with carbohydrases used to partially hydrolyze indigestible polysaccharides. Experiment 3 was aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of U. ohnoi on the oxidative status of sea bream (Sparus aurata) challenged by the consumption of a feed formulated with the oil fraction completely oxidized. Results show a negligible effect of U. ohnoi meal on protein digestion when included in feeds at levels of 10% or less. Moreover, results of growth and feed use evidenced the possibility of using up to 5% inclusion of algal meal in feeds without adverse effects on the zootechnical parameters, while the enzyme pretreatment was ineffective to improve its nutritional use. Finally, the inclusion of U. onhoi in feeds determined both an immunostimulatory effect, evidenced by an increase in skin mucus lysozyme in the two mentioned fish species, and a positive influence on the oxidative metabolism of seabream when fed on a diet including rancid oil.

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