scholarly journals Effects of Apple (Malus pomila) Pomace-Derived Pectin on the Innate Immune Responses, Expressions of Key Immune-Related Genes, Growth Performance, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2117
Author(s):  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Ghasem Rashidian ◽  
Hamed Ghafarifarsani ◽  
Mohammad Amin Jahazi ◽  
Mehdi Soltani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference

Pectins are a group of carbohydrates found in structural parts of terrestrial plants with wide industrial and biomedical applications. This study was designed to investigate the dietary effects of apple pomace-derived pectin (APDP) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Four formulated diets were provided with different inclusion levels of APDP for 30 days: 0, 5, 10, and 20 g kg−1; referred to as control, P1, P2, and P3, respectively. In this study, 300 fish (3.56 ± 0.007 g) were randomly distributed into twelve fiberglass tanks and fed 3% of their respective body weight four times a day. At the end of the experiment, growth parameters, including weight gain, specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly improved in P1 and P2 treatments compared to those of the other treatments. Results from proximate composition analysis showed that protein content increased, and lipid decreased in the P2 and P3 groups. Serum lysozyme, complement activity, total immunoglobulin levels, and total protein were significantly enhanced in all treatments compared to those of the control group. Gene expression results showed no significant difference in regulation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β); however, up-regulation of lysozyme, interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed in both P1 and P2. Unlike lipase, the activity of protease and amylase significantly increased in fish receiving different levels of APDP compared to the control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the present findings suggest APDA as a promising feed additive for rainbow trout.

scholarly journals Cinnamon Promotes Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme, Blood Parameters, and Antioxidant Activity of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Low-Carbohydrate Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 309-322
Author(s):  
Mitra Ravardshiri ◽  
Somayeh Bahram ◽  
Seyed Rohollah Javadian ◽  
Masoumeh Bahrekazemi
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cinnamon in high- and low carbohydrate diets on the physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (16.12±1.33 g). Six experimental diets including control/LCarb (200 g/kg carbohydrate), LCarb-3C (200 g/kg carbohydrate, 30 g/kg cinnamon), LCarb-5C (200g/kg carbohydrate, 50 g/kg cinnamon), HCarb (300 g/kg carbohydrate), HCarb-3C (300 g/kg carbohydrate, 30 g/kg cinnamon), and HCarb-5C (300 g/kg carbohydrate, 50 g/kg cinnamon) were formulated to feed fish for eight weeks. The results showed that fish fed dietary LCarb-3C (72.64 g) and LCarb-5C (73.17 g) had higher weight gain as compared with treatments without cinnamon (P<0.05). Blood performance in LCarb3C (67.10) was significantly higher than the HCarb-3C group (P<0.05). Fish fed dietary LCarb-3C had the best performance so that cinnamon in this group lowered glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein, improved total protein, and highdensity lipoprotein contents. Supplementation of this herb also improved protease and lipase in LCarb-3C and LCarb-5C groups as compared with control. Individuals fed supplemented diets but not HCarb had a higher superoxide dismutase activity when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Generally, cinnamon improved parameters in this study in fish fed a low-carbohydrate diet rather than a high-carbohydrate diet.

scholarly journals Effects of copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Wal.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Savic ◽  
Radoslav Dekic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Banja Luka

During the farming of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), losses can be very high. In aquaculture, various agents are used, such as copper, for the purpose of preventive action and prevention of the appearance of pathogens (ectoparasites, etc.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substrate-fixed copper microparticles on the growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) up to the age of 5 months. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory for Aquaculture of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, for 142 days in flow aquariums with a 65 l/aquarium volume. The experiment was set up in two groups (150 units/group) with three replicates (50 units/replicate), a control group without copper microparticles (K) and a group with copper microparticles (Cu). The initial weight and total body length (mean ? SD) of rainbow trout in group K were 0.199 ? 0.008 g and 2.876 ? 0.036 cm, and in group Cu 0.197 ? 0.009 g and 2.893 ? 0.038 cm. The average total length and body weight of individuals from the K and Cu groups were similar (p > 0.05). The differences in FCR, CF, SGR and TGC between group K and group Cu were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Survival of juvenile rainbow trout was high and it was 97.33% in group K and 96.00% in group Cu, and no statistically significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The growth and survival of juvenile rainbow trout in the K and Cu groups were similar.

Effects of different photoperiods on digestive enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevin and fry

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Ramzanzadeh ◽  
Sakineh Yeganeh ◽  
Khosro JaniKhalili ◽  
Seyedeh Sedigheh Babaei
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
L 14

The aim of this study was to investigate the ontogeny of digestive enzymes and effects of photoperiod on pancreatic enzyme activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792)) alevin and fry. After hatching, 3600 individuals of first-feeding alevin with a mean (±SD) mass of 119 ± 0.01 mg were reared in plastic tanks at four photoperiod levels (llight (L) : dark (D) cycle) for 6 weeks. Each replicate contained 300 alevin. Photoperiod treatments consisted of 14 h L : 10 h D, 10 h L : 14 h D, 4 h L : 20 h D, and 24 h L : 0 h D. During the rearing period, environmental variables including water temperature, oxygen, and pH were checked. Random sampling of alevin and fry was done at 0, 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 39, and 44 days after the beginning of the first feeding (equal to 18, 19, 23, 25, 28, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 58, 63 days post hatching (dph)). The digestive enzyme activities in alevin and fry had a similar variation trend with age at all photoperiod levels. The specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and α-amylase at 24 h L : 0 h D were significantly higher than other treatments, but there was no significant difference in specific activity of lipase among treatments. The results demonstrated that growth, feeding efficiency, and digestive enzyme activity improved with longer exposure to photoperiod in rearing conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Diets Containing Beta-Glucan on Survival, Growth Performance, Hematological, Immunity and Biochemical Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Fingerlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Khanjani ◽  
Gholamreza Ghaedi ◽  
Moslem Sharifinia
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Neutrophil Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effect of beta-glucan in rainbow trout’s diet on survival, growth performance, hematological, immunity and biochemical parameters. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with an average weight of 6.35 ± 0.09 were stocked in 30 fiberglass tanks with a volume of 200 liters. Four treatments including: control group (0%), 0.5, 1 and 2% of beta-glucan were considered for 8 weeks. The results showed that the survival and growth performance of rainbow trout in the control group were at the lowest level and showed a significant difference with other treatments. The highest percentage of hematocrit (47.9%), white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage (35.2%) was observed in the treatment with 2% beta-glucan. Also, the highest lysosomal activity (59.7 units’ mL− 1, IgM (54.7 mg dL− 1), C3 and C4 was obtained in 2% beta-glucan treatment. Biochemical parameters showed improvement in treatments fed with 1 and 2% beta-glucan. In general, the present study showed that 2% beta-glucan in the diet of rainbow trout improves growth performance, survival, hematological, immunity and biochemical parameters.

Effect of Dietary Ascorbate on the Concentration of Tissue Ascorbic Acid, Dehydroascorbic Acid, Ascorbic Sulfate, and Activity of Ascorbic Sulfate Sulfohydrolase in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1518-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Dabrowski ◽  
Reinhard Lackner ◽  
Cristine Doblander
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Kidney Liver

The concentrations of ascorbic acid in several tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are significantly influenced by various dietary treatments. Ascorbic acid was taken up readily by erythrocytes, kidney, liver, intestine, spleen, and brain in fish fed an ascorbate supplemented diet (AA group), the concentration being from 1.5 to 14.8-fold higher than in fish fed a diet lacking ascorbate (control group). In fish fed a diet supplemented with an equimolar amount of ascorbic acid in the form of ascorbic sulfate (AS group) the ascorbic acid concentrations in kidney, intestine, and erythrocytes were significantly elevated above those of the control group. Ascorbic sulfate was found in kidney, liver, and intestine of the AS group, but not in other groups. In fish fed a diet devoid of vitamin C the ascorbic acid concentrations in kidney, liver, intestine, and spleen were signficantly lower than in fasting fish over the same period of time (28 d), suggesting a high demand for vitamin C in an actively feeding animal. Salmonid fish are therefore probably unable to utilize ascorbic sulfate sufficiently to prevent the appearance of vitamin C deficiency, and thus resemble scurvy-prone mammals in this respect.

scholarly journals Immune Response of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Selected Antigens of Yersinia ruckeri

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unal Ispir ◽  
H. Bayram Gokhan ◽  
Mikail Ozcan ◽  
Mustafa Dorucu ◽  
Naim Saglam
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Whole Cells ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Group

In this study, effects of Yersinia ruckeri antigens on the immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were examined. The weight of the 120 fish used in this study was 20–30 g. After injecting 1 mg of formalin-inactivated whole cells (FKC) and O-antigen (Ag-O) intraperitoneally, blood was taken from the caudal vein of anaesthetized fish and metabolic activity of leukocytes (Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) activities), phagocytic activity (PA), phagocytic index (PI), serum protein and serum total immunoglobulin (TIg) levels were determined on day 30 after the first immunization. The same procedure was conducted in the control group. In all the experimental groups, considerable increases in the immune indicators were found and significant differences detected between the control and experimental groups (p < 0.05). Metabolic activity of leukocytes decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the following treatment with antigens compared to the control fish group.

scholarly journals Activity of metabolic enzymes in farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb. Affected by bacterial septicemia: the effect of feed additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 489 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-220
Author(s):  
M. V. Churova ◽  
L. А. Lysenko ◽  
N. P. Kantserova ◽  
I. V. Sukhovskaya ◽  
M. A. Rodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Metabolic Enzymes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Reducing Equivalents

The effect of feed additive including antioxidant dihydroquercetin and polysaccharide arabinogalactan on the activity of metabolic enzymes in muscles and liver of artificially grown rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walb., affected by bacterial infection,was investigated. The results of the study indicated an increase in the resistance of trout to the action of bacterial infection with the enrichment of the diet with the studied bioactive components, including, apparently, through the activation of metabolic pathways of synthesis of energy and reducing equivalents.

scholarly journals Micronucleus occurrence in diploid and triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Strunjak-Perovic ◽  
R. Coz-Rakovac ◽  
N. Topic Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Peripheral Circulation ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of the study was to observe the influence of different ploidy levels in fish on micronucleus occur&shy;rence. Twenty minutes after fertilization, one group of rainbow trout eggs was exposed to water temperatures of 26&deg;C in duration of 20 minutes to induce triploidy. Second group was kept in water temperature of 10&deg;C, which is optimal for development of rainbow trout. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes was determined in the peripheral circulation of rainbow trout 67 days (following absorption of the yolk &ndash; swim-up stage) and 128 days (fry stage) post fertilization. There was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.001) between frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes of diploid (1.10 &plusmn; 0.96&permil;) and triploid (2.41 &plusmn; 1.28&permil;) fish at swim-up stage. Increased mean values of micronucleus in diploid (1.80 &plusmn; 1.57&permil;) and triploid (5.92 &plusmn; 3.80&permil;) fry were also recorded.

scholarly journals The Effect of Slaughtering Procedures on Blood Spotting in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Liviu MIHALCA ◽  
Mihaela TIŢA ◽  
Ana MIHALCA ◽  
Ovidiu TIŢA
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Significant Difference

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was submitted for various slaughter and bleeding procedures to see what effect this would have on blood drainage of the muscles. Results show that the bleeding method is of less importance, while it is the timing that is important. No significant difference in bloodspotting was observed between fish that were bled live by a gill cut or percussive killed and bled by gutting. Most of the drainage of blood in the fish muscle seems to occur within the first hours postmortem, so rigor mortis is of little importance. The visual appearance of the fillet was influenced by number and size of the bloodstains. Colour measurements with Hunter L*, a*, b* did not reveal this. We conclude that a gill cut is not necessarily to obtain bleeding, so the industry can omit this phase and go directly to gutting.

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