scholarly journals Effect of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) on the Inflammatory Response in Rumen Epithelial Cells (REC) and the Impact of LPS on Claw Explants

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Nicole Reisinger ◽  
Dominik Wendner ◽  
Nora Schauerhuber ◽  
Elisabeth Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Lipoteichoic Acid ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
Separation Force ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rumen Epithelial Cells

Endotoxins play a crucial role in ruminant health due to their deleterious effects on animal health. The study aimed to evaluate whether LPS and LTA can induce an inflammatory response in rumen epithelial cells. For this purpose, epithelial cells isolated from rumen tissue (RECs) were stimulated with LPS and LTA for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Thereafter, the expression of selected genes of the LPS and LTA pathway and inflammatory response were evaluated. Furthermore, it was assessed whether LPS affects inflammatory response and structural integrity of claw explants. Therefore, claw explants were incubated with LPS for 4 h to assess the expression of selected genes and for 24 h to evaluate tissue integrity via separation force. LPS strongly affected the expression of genes related to inflammation (NFkB, TNF-α, IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, MMP9) in RECs. LTA induced a delayed and weaker inflammatory response than LPS. In claw explants, LPS affected tissue integrity, as there was a concentration-dependent decrease of separation force. Incubation time had a strong effect on inflammatory genes in claw explants. Our data suggest that endotoxins can induce a local inflammatory response in the rumen epithelium. Furthermore, translocation of LPS might negatively impact claw health.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Response Elicited by Ureaplasma parvum colonization in human cervical epithelial, stromal, and immune cells

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ourlad Alzeus Gaddi Tantengco ◽  
Talar Kechichian ◽  
Kathleen L Vincent ◽  
Richard B Pyles ◽  
Paul Mark B Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Cervical Epithelial Cells ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Impact

Ureaplasma parvum is a commensal bacterium in the female reproductive tract but has been associated with pregnancy complications such as preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and preterm birth (PTB). However, the pathologic effects of U. parvum in the cervix, that prevents ascending infections during pregnancy, are still poorly understood. To determine the impact of U. parvum on the cervix, ectocervical (ecto) and endocervical (endo) epithelial and stromal cells were incubated with U. parvum. Macrophages were also tested as a proxy for cervical macrophages to determine the antigenicity of U. parvum. The effects of U. parvum, including influence on cell cycle and cell death, antimicrobial peptide production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory cytokine levels, were assessed. U. parvum colonized cervical epithelial and stromal cells 4 hours post-infection. Like uninfected control, U. parvum neither inhibited cell cycle progression and nor caused cell death in cervical epithelial and stromal cells. U. parvum increased the production of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) cathelicidin and human β-defensin 3 and exhibited weak signs of EMT evidenced by decreased cytokeratin 18 and increased vimentin expression in cervical epithelial cells. U. parvum induced a pro-inflammatory environment (cytokines) and increased MMP-9 in cervical epithelial cells but promoted pro- and anti-inflammatory responses in cervical stromal cells and macrophages. U. parvum may colonize the cervical epithelial layer, but induction of AMPs and anti-inflammatory response may protect the cervix and may prevent ascending infections that can cause PTB. These findings suggest that U. parvum is a weak inducer of inflammation in the cervix.

421. Seminal fluid TGFβ regulates follistatin mRNA expression human Ect1 cervical epithelial cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Sharkey ◽  
S. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response

Introduction of seminal fluid into the female reproductive tract following coitus stimulates a local inflammatory response. Inflammatory leukocyte recruitment is regulated by induction of cytokine and chemokine synthesis in female tract epithelial cells by seminal fluid signalling agents. Affymetrix microarray analysis in immortalised ectocervical epithelial (Ect1) cells identified the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine follistatin (FST) as the most strongly differentially expressed gene, with a ~12-fold increase in mRNA expression induced by seminal fluid. Follistatin has recently been implicated as a key cytokine in early pregnancy by studies in female follistatin null mice, which exhibit infertility as a consequence of failure to resolve the uterine post-mating inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate seminal plasma regulation of follistatin in human Ect1 cervical cells, and to examine the role of the major active seminal fluid constituent, TGFβ, in controlling Ect1 cells follistatin mRNA expression. To confirm Affymetrix findings, qRT–PCR experiments were undertaken in Ect1 cells incubated with 10% pooled human seminal plasma (SP). Primers specific for the tissue bound isoform of follistatin (FST288) as well as both FST288 and the circulating 315 isoforms (FSTall) were used. Ect1 cell incubation with 10%SP elicited 3.8-fold and 4-fold increases in FST288 and FSTall respectively. Incubation of Ect1 cells with TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 showed differential effects of the three isoforms, with rTGFβ2 inducing FST288 and FSTall, while rTGFβ1 and TGFβ3 exerted little effect.. These results suggest that seminal plasma induces follistatin synthesis after coitus and that TGFβ2 is at least partly responsible for this effect. Follistatin induced by seminal fluid may act to limit the course of inflammation after intercourse, and thereby prevent uncontrolled inflammatory damage. Follistatin induced in the female tissues would be augmented by follistatin delivered from the male, since human seminal plasma also contains a high concentration of this cytokine.

scholarly journals Histamine Induces Bovine Rumen Epithelial Cell Inflammatory Response via NF-κB Pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Sun ◽  
Xue Yuan ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Bovine Rumen ◽  
Rumen Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cells Cultured

Background/Aims: Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a common disease in high-producing lactating cows. Rumenitis is the initial insult of SARA and is associated with the high concentrations of histamine produced in the rumen of dairy cows during SARA. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The objective of the current study is to investigate whether histamine induces inflammation of rumen epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism of this process. Methods: Bovine rumen epithelial cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of histamine and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) cultured in different pH medium (pH 7.2 or 5.5). qRT-PCR, Western-blotting, ELISA and immunocytofluorescence were used to evaluate whether histamine activated the NF-κB pathway and inflammatory cytokines. Results: The results showed that histamine significantly increased the activity of IKK β and the phosphorylation levels of IκB α, as well as upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 in the rumen epithelial cells cultured in neutral (pH=7.2) and acidic (pH=5.5) medium. Furthermore, histamine treatment also significantly increased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65. High expression and transcriptional activity of NF-κB p65 significantly increased the mRNA expressions and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), thereby inducing the inflammatory response in bovine rumen epithelial cells. However, inhibition of NF-κB p65 by PDTC significantly decreased the expressions and concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines induced by histamine in the rumen epithelial cells cultured in the neutral and acidic medium. Conclusion: The present data indicate that histamine induces the inflammatory response of bovine rumen epithelial cells through the NF-κB pathway.

Оrganic Meat Production of Broiler Chickens Hubbard Redbro Cross

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of studying the impact of housing and feeding conditions on broiler chickens of Hubbard RedBro cross, as well as the quality of products obtained when using floor and cage content, in a farm. It established that when receiving a mixed feed of own production using feed raw materials grown on a farm without the use of pesticides, a statistically significant decrease in potentially dangerous substances for animal health is recorded. Compared with factory feed, it has reduced the content of pesticides by 14 times, and mercury and arsenic by 24 times, cadmium by five times, and lead by ten times. The results of the study of economic indicators of growing Hubbard RedBro cross broiler chickens, as well as the chemical composition and quality of carcasses, indicated that there was no significant difference between the floor and cell conditions of keeping. Still, the use of a diet based on eco-feeds contributed to a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of toxic metals in the muscles of the poultry of the experimental groups. As a result, it found that the use of the studied compound feed in the diets of broiler chickens increased the indicators of Biosafety and ensured the production of environmentally safe ("organic") poultry meat products.

scholarly journals BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3741-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirosh D Aluthge ◽  
Dana M Van Sambeek ◽  
Erin E Carney-Hinkle ◽  
Yanshuo S Li ◽  
Samodha C Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.

scholarly journals Potential and limitations of finite element modelling in assessing structural integrity of coralline algae under future global change

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 5871-5883 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Melbourne ◽  
J. Griffin ◽  
D. N. Schmidt ◽  
E. J. Rayfield
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Rocky Shores ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Coralline algae are important habitat formers found on all rocky shores. While the impact of future ocean acidification on the physiological performance of the species has been well studied, little research has focused on potential changes in structural integrity in response to climate change. A previous study using 2-D Finite Element Analysis (FEA) suggested increased vulnerability to fracture (by wave action or boring) in algae grown under high CO2 conditions. To assess how realistically 2-D simplified models represent structural performance, a series of increasingly biologically accurate 3-D FE models that represent different aspects of coralline algal growth were developed. Simplified geometric 3-D models of the genus Lithothamnion were compared to models created from computed tomography (CT) scan data of the same genus. The biologically accurate model and the simplified geometric model representing individual cells had similar average stresses and stress distributions, emphasising the importance of the cell walls in dissipating the stress throughout the structure. In contrast models without the accurate representation of the cell geometry resulted in larger stress and strain results. Our more complex 3-D model reiterated the potential of climate change to diminish the structural integrity of the organism. This suggests that under future environmental conditions the weakening of the coralline algal skeleton along with increased external pressures (wave and bioerosion) may negatively influence the ability for coralline algae to maintain a habitat able to sustain high levels of biodiversity.

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