scholarly journals Preference and Motivation Tests for Body Tactile Stimulation in Fish

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2042
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina dos Santos Gauy ◽  
Marcela Cesar Bolognesi ◽  
Guilherme Delgado Martins ◽  
Eliane Gonçalves-de-Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Negative Condition

We tested whether territorial fish (Nile tilapia) perceive body tactile stimulation as a positive or negative resource. Individual male fish were placed for eight days in an aquarium containing a rectangular PVC frame, which was filled with vertical plastic sticks sided with silicone bristles in the middle of the tank. Fish passing this device received a tactile stimulus. The fish then underwent a preference test by choosing between areas half-with and half-without tactile bristles. Then, fish were submitted to a motivation test where they had to pass an aversive stimulus (bright light) to access the device. Fish were, then, paired to settle social rank, which occurs by way of fights (social stressor), and were assigned again to preference and motivation tests. A group without social stress was used as a control. Contrary to our expectations, fish preferred the area without tactile bristles, although subordinate fish reached tactile stimulation more than the dominant one. Social stress did not affect the preference and motivation, suggesting that fish do not perceive tactile stimulation as a stressor reliever. However, as fish did not avoid the stimulation, reached the device spontaneously, and faced an aversive stimulus to access it, we conclude that tactile stimulation is not a negative condition and, therefore, can be used in further studies regarding fish welfare.

Cardiac Responsivity to Tactile Stimulation in Waking and Sleeping Infants

1969 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lewis ◽  
Cornelia Dodd ◽  
Marcia Harwitz
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Young Infants

The role of state in determining a psychological or physiological response is not disputed. However, few studies using neonates and young infants have given much attention to this variable. This study was designed to investigate state differences in the newborn's cardiac response to a tactile stimulus. The results indicated: (1) The infant when asleep showed significantly different cardiac response than when awake. This replication demonstrates that an infant's state must be considered in any work using HR response. (2) In the present study, 6 cardiac response parameters were observed, and it was clear that not all these measures of the cardiac response yield similar results and that the response parameter E chooses to use will determine the degree of habituation found and the nature of the response curve. (3) In general, there were differences in habituation between the waking and sleeping infant.

scholarly journals Social Behavior and Welfare in Nile Tilapia

Fishes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Gonçalves-de-Freitas ◽  
Marcela Bolognesi ◽  
Ana Gauy ◽  
Manuela Brandão ◽  
Percilia Giaquinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Cichlid Fish ◽  
Dominant Male ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aggressive Interactions ◽  
And Behavior

Fish social behavior can be affected by artificial environments, particularly by factors that act upon species that show aggressive behavior to set social rank hierarchy. Although aggressive interactions are part of the natural behavior in fish, if constant and intense, such interactions can cause severe body injuries, increase energy expenditure, and lead the animals to suffer from social stress. The immediate consequence of these factors is a reduced welfare in social fish species. In this paper, we consider the factors that impact on the social behavior and welfare of Nile tilapia, an African cichlid fish widely used both in fish farms and in research; this species is frequently used as a model for physiology and behavior research. This is a polygynous species whose males interact aggressively, establishing a territorial based hierarchy, where a dominant male and several subordinate males arise. When social stability is shrunk, the negative effects of prolonged fighting emerge. In this paper, we summarized how some of the common practices in aquaculture, such as classifying individuals by matching their sizes, water renewal, stock density, and environment lighting affect Nile tilapia social aggressive interactions and, in turn, impact on its welfare. We also discuss some ways to decrease the effects of aggressive interactions in Nile tilapia, such as environment color and body tactile stimulation.

Reaction Time of the Tongue to Auditory and Tactile Stimulation

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Siegenthaler ◽  
Irving Hochberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Condition ◽  
Oral Region ◽  
Speech Output ◽  
Important Measure ◽  
Tonal Stimuli

Measures of reaction time of the tongue to tactile stimulation on the lips and to a 1000-cps tone at sensation levels of 10, 50, and 70 db were obtained from 26 normal young adults. Results revealed that tactile stimulation evoked the shortest reaction time ( M = .123 sec.); 70 db elicited slightly longer reaction time ( M = .129 sec.); 50 db still longer reaction time ( M = .137 sec.); and 10 db the longest ( M = .209 sec.). The 10-db tone reaction time was significantly longer than that of any other stimulus condition, while tactile stimulus reaction time was significantly shorter than both the 10- and 50-db tonal stimuli, but not than the 70-db stimulus. Among the auditory conditions, 50 and 70 db were not significantly different from one another, but both were different from 10 db. The findings support the role played by tactual feedback in the oral region for monitoring speech. It is hypothesized that a speech mechanism which operates on a servosystem principle is likely to utilize the most efficient sensory channels available in monitoring speech output, with time of response being one important measure of efficiency.

scholarly journals About Face: Evaluating and Managing Tactile Impairment at the Time of Autism Diagnosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa M. T. Silva ◽  
Mark Schalock ◽  
Kristen R. Gabrielsen
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Sensory Impairment ◽  
Autism Diagnosis ◽  
Stimulation Protocol ◽  
Autism Group ◽  
The Face ◽  
Mixed Pain

Evaluation for sensory impairment is a routine part of autism diagnosis. Sensory impairment of hearing, vision, or touch results in developmental delay and must be addressed before delay can resolve. Recent studies confirm that tactile impairment is present in autism and can be effectively treated with a tactile stimulation protocol. The research suggests a change in management at the time of autism diagnosis to include evaluation and treatment of tactile impairment. Here we validate screening and management tool for tactile impairment, the Autism Touch and Self-Regulation Checklist, in 404 typical and autistic preschool children. The tool assesses tactile impairment by location and severity. Autistic children were distinguished by mixed pain and numbness on multiple areas including the face and mouth (F=412.1 (1,402);p<.000). Oral-facial tactile impairment interferes with the tactile stimulus to orienting. We hypothesized that oral-facial tactile impairment and difficulty orienting are predictive of ASD and that severity of tactile impairment is predictive of severity of ASD. Questions evaluating oral-facial and orienting responses correctly predicted 91% of the autism group. Severity of tactile impairment correctly predicted 81% of mild versus severe ASD. Results underscore the importance of evaluating and treating tactile impairment at the time of autism diagnosis.

scholarly journals History of winning and hierarchy landscape influence stress susceptibility in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B LeClair ◽  
Kenny L Chan ◽  
Manuella P Kaster ◽  
Lyonna F Parise ◽  
Charles Joseph Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Hierarchy Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

Social hierarchy formation is strongly evolutionarily conserved. Across species, rank within social hierarchy has large effects on health and behavior. To investigate the relationship between social rank and stress susceptibility, we exposed ranked male and female mice to social and non-social stressors and manipulated social hierarchy position. We found that rank predicts same sex social stress outcomes: dominance in males and females confers resilience while subordination confers susceptibility. Pre-existing rank does not predict non-social stress outcomes in females and weakly does so in males, but rank emerging under stress conditions reveals social interaction deficits in male and female subordinates. Both history of winning and rank of cage mates affect stress susceptibility in males: rising to the top rank through high mobility confers resilience and mice that lose dominance lose stress resilience, though gaining dominance over a subordinate animal does not confer resilience. Overall, we have demonstrated a relationship between social status and stress susceptibility, particularly when taking into account individual history of winning and the overall hierarchy landscape in male and female mice.

Response Initiation and Response Termination: Analysis of Effects of Punishment and Escape Contingencies

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Leitenberg
Keyword(s):  
Escape Response ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Operant Response ◽  
Response Frequency ◽  
Response Initiation ◽  
Termination Analysis ◽  
Large Platform

Response frequency and response duration were manipulated in opposite directions through appropriate arrangement of punishment and escape contingencies. The experiment demonstrated that the frequency of a non-reinforced operant response could be more effectively suppressed by punishment in one group of rats than in another, even though the former group continued to take a longer time to terminate the response once it had been made. Bright light was the aversive stimulus, depression of a large platform was the response punished, and release of the platform was the escape response.

scholarly journals History of winning and hierarchy landscape influence stress susceptibility in mice

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine B LeClair ◽  
Kenny L Chan ◽  
Manuella P Kaster ◽  
Lyonna F Parise ◽  
Charles Joseph Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Hierarchy Formation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

Social hierarchy formation is strongly evolutionarily conserved. Across species, rank within social hierarchy has large effects on health and behavior. To investigate the relationship between social rank and stress susceptibility, we exposed ranked male and female mice to social and non-social stressors and manipulated social hierarchy position. We found that rank predicts same sex social stress outcomes: dominance in males and females confers resilience while subordination confers susceptibility. Pre-existing rank does not predict non-social stress outcomes in females and weakly does so in males, but rank emerging under stress conditions reveals social interaction deficits in male and female subordinates. Both history of winning and rank of cage mates affect stress susceptibility in males: rising to the top rank through high mobility confers resilience and mice that lose dominance lose stress resilience, though gaining dominance over a subordinate animal does not confer resilience. Overall, we have demonstrated a relationship between social status and stress susceptibility, particularly when taking into account individual history of winning and the overall hierarchy landscape in male and female mice.

scholarly journals What it takes to be at the top: The interrelationship between chronic social stress and social dominance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merima Šabanović ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Vongai Mlambo ◽  
Hala Aqel ◽  
Dipesh Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Chronic Social Stress ◽  
Hierarchy Formation ◽  
Chronic Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

AbstractDominance hierarchies of social animal groups are influenced by complex factors such as stress. Stress experienced by an animal prior to social interactions with a conspecific may be a determinant of their future social dynamics. Additionally, long-term occupancy of a specific hierarchical rank can have psychophysiological effects, leading to vulnerability to future stress.The current study aimed to delineate differential effects of stress acting before or after hierarchy formation. Using the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) paradigm we performed behavioural investigations to determine whether exposure to CSDS before hierarchy formation predicted the new dominance status. Moreover, in another study we investigated whether social rank predicted stress vulnerability.We found that CSDS did not impede the establishment of dominance in new hierarchies as both stress-susceptible (socially avoidant) and –resilient (social) mice were able to attain dominant ranks. In contrast, within newly established hierarchies of stress-naïve mice, the subordinate, but not dominant, mice exhibit significantly greater avoidance of novel social targets. However, following exposure to CSDS, both lowest- and highest-ranked mice exhibit strong susceptibility to stress as measured by decreased interactions with a novel social target.These results suggest that the response to chronic social stress did not determine social rank in new cohorts, but low-status mice in newly established groups exhibited lower sociability to novel social targets. Interestingly, exposure of a hierarchical social group to chronic social stress led to stress-susceptibility in both high- and low-status mice as measured by social interaction.HighlightsStress susceptibility to chronic social defeat did not impede the establishment of dominance in new hierarchies.Subordinate mice exhibit reduced social preference after hierarchy formation.Following chronic social defeat stress, both subordinate and dominant mice exhibit susceptible-like reduction in social interaction, but dominant mice exhibit the greater decrease in social preference as compared to baseline.

scholarly journals A revised method for measuring distraction by tactile stimulation

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Jacqueline R. Schechter ◽  
Deanna J. Greene ◽  
Jonathan M. Koller ◽  
Kevin J. Black
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Tic Disorder ◽  
Sensory Hypersensitivity ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorder

Sensory hypersensitivity (SH) refers to the tendency to attend to subtle stimuli, to persist in attending to them, and to find them noxious. SH is relatively common in several developmental disorders including Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder (TS/CTD). This study was an attempt to quantify the extent to which a mild tactile stimulus distracts one’s attention in TS/CTD. Fourteen adults with TS/CTD and 14 tic-free control subjects completed questionnaires regarding SH and ADHD, and TS/CTD subjects completed self-report measures of current and past tic disorder symptoms and of current obsessions and compulsions. All subjects performed a sustained attention choice reaction time task during alternating blocks in which a mildly annoying stimulus (von Frey hair) was applied to the ankle (“ON”) or was not applied (“OFF”). We present here the clinical and cognitive task data for each subject.

scholarly journals Individual differences in bodily attention: Variability in anticipatory mu rhythm power is associated with executive function abilities and processing speed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staci Meredith Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Tactile Stimulus ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Mu Rhythm ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Card Sort ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Processing Ability

The ability to anticipate, attend and respond appropriately to specific stimuli is involved in the execution of everyday tasks. The current investigation examined the relations between cognitive skills measured by the NIH Toolbox and changes in the power of mu oscillations during anticipation of and in response to a tactile stimulus. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was measured after a visuospatial cue directed adults (n=40) to monitor their right or left hand for upcoming tactile stimulation. In the 500 ms prior to the onset of the tactile stimulus, a desynchronization was apparent 8 – 14 Hz at contralateral central sites, consistent with prior investigations of mu rhythm; a widespread synchronization was apparent in the 250 ms proceeding delivery of the tactile stimulus. The extent of contralateral reduction in mu power was associated with speed processing ability, while ipsilateral mu power was associated with flanker performance and marginally correlated with card sort performance. Regression further probe the significance and specificity of these effects. Increases in mu power following onset of the tactile stimulus were not associated with any behavioral measures. Mu modulation during attention to a specific bodily location appears related to variability in the broader ability to regulate behavior in a goal-directed manner, and perhaps to speed of stimulus processing.

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