scholarly journals A Review of the Nursery Culture of Mud Crabs, Genus Scylla: Current Progress and Future Directions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2034
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Mohamad Nor Azra ◽  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Hanafiah Fazhan ◽  
Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Mud Crabs

The nursery stages of mud crab, genus Scylla, proceed from the megalopa stage to crablet instar stages. We review the definition and several of the key stages in mud crab nursery activities. The practice of the direct stocking of megalopa into ponds is not recommended due to their sensitivity. Instead, nursery rearing is needed to grow-out mud crabs of a larger size before pond stocking. Individual nursery rearing results in a higher survival rate at the expense of growth and a more complicated maintenance process compared with communal rearing. The nursery of mud crabs can be done both indoors or outdoors with adequate shelter and feed required to obtain a good survival percentage and growth performance. Artemia nauplii are still irreplaceable as nursery feed, particularly at the megalopa stage, while the survival rate may be improved if live feed is combined with artificial feed such as microbound diet formulations. Water quality parameters, identical to those proposed in tiger shrimp cultures, can be implemented in mud crab rearing. The transportation of crablets between different locations can be done with or without water. The provision of monosex seeds from mud crab hatcheries is expected to become commonplace, increasing seed price and thus improving the income of farmers. Numerous aspects of a mud crab nursery including nutrition; feeding strategies; understanding their behaviour, i.e., cannibalism; control of environmental factors and practical rearing techniques still need further improvement.

scholarly journals Nursery Culture of Mud Crab, Genus Scylla, a Review: The Current Progress and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Syafaat ◽  
Mohamad Nor Azra ◽  
Khor Waiho ◽  
Ambok Bolong Abol-Munafi ◽  
Mohammad Syahnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
Maintenance Process

This study attempted to explain the definition, objectives, and key stages in mud crab nursery activities. The nursery stages of Scylla spp was started from megalopa stage to several crablet instar stages or started from earlier crablet stage to several crablet stages. Direct stocking of megalopa into ponds is not recommended due to their sensitivity. Instead, nursery rearing is needed to produce mud crab of larger size before stocking. Individual nursery rearing results in higher survival rate (up to 100%), but with reduced growth rate, and a more complicated maintenance process compared with communal rearing. Nursery of mud crab can be done indoors, or outdoors, with adequate shelter and feed required to obtain good survival and growth performance. Artemia nauplii are the main, established nursery feed, particularly at megalopa stage, while survival rate may be improved if combined with artificial feed, such as micro bound diet formulations. Water quality parameters, identical to those proposed in tiger shrimp culture, can followed. Crablets may be transported to the pond location with, or without water. The provision of monosex seeds from mud crab hatcheries is expected to become more common, increasing seed price, and thus improving income of farmers. Numerous aspects of mud crab nursery, including nutrition, feeding strategies, understanding of their behaviour, i.e., cannibalism, control of environmental factors, and practical rearing techniques, still need further improvement.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Types of Feed on the Growth and Survival Rate of Betta splendens

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Resti Ayu NengTias ◽  
Ni Luh Watiniasih ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Artificial Food ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Absolute Length

Betta fish (Betta splendens) are freshwater ornamental fish that is very popular because it’s beautiful colors and unique behavior. This study aims to determine the growth measuring weight and length as well as the survival rate of betta fish seeds by providing different types of food that was conducted in door at Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia. The study was experimentally designed with completely randomized design consisting of 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments A was fed with Tubifex sp., treatment B with artificial food (pellets), and treatment C was  consisted of a combination of Tubifex sp., and artificial food. The test fish were 30 days old with a stocking density of 5/plastic bucket, where feeding was done ad-libitum. The study was conducted for 42 days. The parameters measured in this study were the growth in absolute weight and absolute length and its survival rate. Observations were analyzed using One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further tests were carried out using the Duncan test. The results show that different feeding strategies had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight and absolute length, and had no significant effect on the survival rate of betta fish. Water quality parameters measured include an average temperature was valued at 25.01oC-25.87oC, while the average pH was 8.42-8.47, and average dissolved oxygen (DO) was 4.13-4.17 mg/L.

scholarly journals Growth and survival rate of Nandus nandus (Hamilton 1822) larvae on some selected supplemental feeds in cistern

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Nilufa Begum ◽  
Md Mehedi Hasan Pramanik ◽  
Yahia Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Percentage Weight

The aim of the investigation was to determine the effect of different food on growth and survival of Nandus nandus larvae. The experiment was conducted for 20 days in twelve (12) cisterns (9× 6×2.5ft) to assess the effect of Zooplankton, Artemia, Tubifex and Brand Nursery Feed on growth and survival of N. nandus larvae in cistern condition. The growth of N. nandus larvae varied significantly (P<0.05) with live feed and artificial feed. Zooplankton treatment showed the best growth performance and Brand Nursery Feed showed the poorest. There was significant difference in final weight of larvae fed with live and artificial feed. Final weight of live feed Zooplankton was 241.79±17.25g, Artemia-210.37±20.16g, Tubifex-226.36±15.72g and Brand Nursery Feedwas195.08±15.53g respectively. Specific growth rate (%) and percentage (%) weight gain were also best in case of Zooplankton fed N. nandus larvae. Different water quality parameters were more or less same in different treatments.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 114-119

Difference in Diet and Water Quality Influencing the Growth of the Newly Introduced Penaeus merguiensis Larva Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Mostafa Imhmed Ighwerb ◽  
Johannes Hutabarat ◽  
Ervia Yudiati ◽  
Rudhi Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Marine Research ◽  
Live Feed ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Rock And Soil ◽  
Penaeus Merguiensis ◽  
Better Than

The water quality found on the surface is usually better than that accumulated at the seabed and more bottomless sea. When recycled, water usually brings many materials along the path, all the way to reaching its end. Water quality varies from place to place, season, and different types of rock and soil it passes through also influences the possessed quality. By employing Penaeus merguiensis larvae produced by the Marine Research Center Hatchery owned by Jepara's government, this study analyzes varying effects in three nominal salinities (28, 32, and 36 ppt) and types of diets (Diet A: 100% live feed; Diet B: 100% FRIPPAK; Diet C: a combination of Diet A and Diet C, 50 % each) and finds the optimum water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature on the growth of the newly introduced Penaeus merguiensis larvae. The results show that two nominals of water salinities (28 and 32 ppt) with Diet A works well, supporting the growth from most Zoea to Postlarvae-1: Zoea-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-2 at 32 ppt with Diet A; Zoea-3 at 32 ppt with Diet A; Mysis-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Mysis-2 at 28 ppt with Diet C; Mysis-3 at 28 ppt with Diet A; Postlarva-1 at 28 ppt with Diet A. All shrimp prefers temperature ranging from 31-32.4 °C with dissolved oxygen of 4.9-5.74 ppm and pH 7.0-8.1. 

scholarly journals SUHU OPTIMAL UNTUK KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN BOTIA (Chromobotia macrachantus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Muarofah Ghofur ◽  
Muhammad Sugihartono ◽  
Husna Daya Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
High Level

Temperature is one of the most dominant water quality parameters on the survival of fish, and almost every living organism has the optimum temperature for its life. One of the obstacles in the cultivation activity is the high level of death in the most critical phase of the larvae so that the handling and carrying capacity of optimal environmental conditions can minimize the death of the larvae as well as the extreme temperature changes will also cause higher death rates of larvae. In the maintenance effort, the quality and quantity of the resulting larva becomes an important factor, as the success of production support to reach the next phase. Therefore, to find out the larval synthesis is done research about the optimum temperature with treatment temperature 240C, 260C, 280C and 300C to the survival of maintenance of botia larvae (Chromobotia macrachantus). The water quality parameters of CO2, NH3, DO, and pH are carried out at the beginning and end of the study for 28 days. The results showed that the highest survival rate at temperature treatment 240C and 260C with a value of 100%.Keywords : Botia Larvae, Temperature, Survival Rate AbstrakSuhu merupakan salah satu parameter kualitas air yang sangat dominan terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan, dan hampir setiap organisme yang hidup didalamnya memiliki suhu optimum untuk kehidupannya. Salah satu kendala dalam kegiatan budidaya adalah tingginya tingkat kematian pada fase paling kritis yaitu larva sehingga penanganan dan daya dukung kondisi lingkungan yang optimal dapat meminimalisir kematian larva demikian pula dengan perubahan suhu yang ekstrim juga akan menyebabkan tingkat kematian larva semakin tinggi. Dalam upaya pemeliharaan, kualitas dan kuantitas larva yang dihasilkan menjadi faktor penting, sebagai penunjang keberhasilan produksi  hingga mencapai fase selanjutnya. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengetahui sintasan larva dilakukan penelitian mengenai suhu optimal dengan suhu perlakuan 240C, 260C, 280C dan 300C terhadap kelangsungan hidup pemeliharaan larva ikan botia (Chromobotia macrachantus). Parameter kualitas air yitu CO2, NH3, DO, dan pH dilakukan pada awal dan akhir penelitian yang dilakukan selama 28 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan suhu 240C dan 260C dengan nilai sebesar 100%.Kata Kunci : Larva Botia, Suhu,Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup

scholarly journals SURVIVAL EVALUATION AND SOIL REINFORCEMENT CAPACITY OF FIVE REOPHYTES SPECIES OF THE ATLANTIC RAINFOREST BIOME

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Junior Joel Dewes ◽  
Charles Rodrigo Belmonte Maffra ◽  
Rita Dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Fabrício Jaques Sutili
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Soil Reinforcement ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Pullout Resistance ◽  
Level Of Significance

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival rate, the vegetative development and vertical pullout resistance of Phyllanthus sellowianus, Salix humboldtiana, Gymnanthes schottiana, Cephallanthus glabratus and Ludwigia elegans propagated by live cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was installed in October 2015 and evaluated in June 2016. Experiment was conducted in randomized blocks design with use of 5 plant species and 3 replications. In each block were planted 3 live cuttings of each species, with the total of 45 cuttings for the 3 blocks. The space between plants was of 1 x 1 m. Live cuttings average diameter was 1.7 cm and 60 cm long. Were evaluated the survival rate, morphological variables from shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance for each species. The observed survival rates were: P. sellowianus (100%), S. humboldtiana (100%), G. schottiana (83%), %), C. glabratus (67%) e L. elegans (50%), which are statistically different among themselves by Chi-square test (χ ²) at 5% level of significance. The variables, length and diameter of shoots, as well as the vertical pullout resistance are statistically different between species by Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance, and the best results were observed for P. sellowianus and less favorable to L. elegans. The results showed that the evaluated species, excluding L. elegans, had from great to good survival rates. The species P. sellowianus and L. elegans had the major and minor soil mechanical reinforcement capacity, respectively.Keywords: Soil Bioengineering, land reclamation, soil stabilization, vegetative propagation.

scholarly journals Effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) on callus induction and survival rate on mature embryos of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
Sattar A. Shlahi ◽  
Zahra N. Hashim Al- Hattab
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Survival Percentage

This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the percentage of callus induction and survival from mature beans embryos harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with (0.2 or 0.4) millimolar of the mutagen NTG in combination with 0.0, 4 or 8% of ethanol, pH 5 ±2 0. for 24 h. Calli were induced on mature embryos by using MS medium with 0.5 mg/l of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/l Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/l from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Results showed that the hypocotyl surpassed the radical and the plume significantly in terms of survival reached 56.3%. Mutagen treatments showed asignificant effect on calli survival. Treatment with 8% Ethanol was lethal for all explants. While treatment with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gaved the highest survival rate. The interaction between the treatments and the explants showed that the lowest survival percentage was which 8.8% that was for shoots treated with 0.2 mM of 4% Ethanol. Calli induced on hypocotyls treated with 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest fresh weight (347.2) mg while the lowest was (60) mg for calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol. Moreover the highest dry weight was 22.5 mg for calli induced from hypocotyls treated with 0.4 millimolar NTG without Ethanol that was higher than the control 17.2 mg.The lowest dry weight obtained from calli induced on the radical treated with 0.4 mM NTG with 4% Ethanol was 3 mg. In conclusion the results showed that 0.4 mM NTG without Ethanol gave the highest survival rate and the highest fresh and dry weight for calli induced on the hypocotyl.

scholarly journals Species diversity and distribution of mud crab in Marudu Bay mangrove forest reserve, Sabah, Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Nurul Ain Mohd Sharif ◽  
Noor Amalia Shaiful Kahar ◽  
Muhammad Ali Syed Hussein ◽  
Julian Ransangan ◽  
Annita Seok-Kian Yong
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Composition Distribution ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Mud Crabs

Sabah has extensive mangrove forests surrounded by oceanic waters which provide suitable habitat for many species of animals including mud crabs (Scylla spp.). This study was conducted to obtain information on the species composition, distribution and catch per unit effort in Marudu Bay, Sabah. Samplings were done monthly in five mangrove areas along the river channels in Marudu Bay (06°33’N; 114°44’E) from October 2012 to September 2013 using collapsible baited crab traps. From a total of 1859 mud crab specimens caught in Marudu Bay, three species were identified. Scylla tranquebarica was the dominant species forming 78% of the total followed by S. paramamosain 13% and S. olivacea 8%. The number of males (n=1224) was higher compared to females (n=635) with an average sex ratio male : female of 1.0:0.5. The catch per unit effort (CPUE) showed an average value of 0.55 trap-1 day-1 and revealed a declining trend throughout the sampling. S. tranquebarica was widely distributed in all the rivers surveyed, however, it mostly occurred in near the lower reaches of the river near the areas open to the sea where average water salinity ranged from 12.98 to 14.28 ppt and the environment favoured the growth of Rhizophora sp. Other species, S. paramamosain and S. olivacea, were mostly found in upstream areas covered generally by Nypa sp. and where average water salinity varied from 6.93 to 7.50 ppt. The information on the species composition, distribution and CPUE of the mud crabs in Marudu Bay can be useful for mud crab fisheries resources management in Sabah.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT pH SETTINGS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF COMMON CARP RAJADANU STRAIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitas Atmadi Prakoso ◽  
Deni Radona
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Group ◽  
Ph Range

pH is one of the important water quality parameters in aquaculture. This study aimed to observe the growth performance and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Rajadanu strain reared in culture media with different pH levels. Fish (length: 3.60 ± 0.18 cm; weight: 1.68 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in nine aquariums (40 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm) for 10 days with a stocking density of 25 fish per aquarium. The treatments used were (A) pH 4-5, (B) pH 5-6, and (C) pH 6-7, with three replications. A commercial feed containing 28% protein was given daily and as much as 3% of the total biomass. The observed data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the pH treatments did not affect the growth (length and weight) and survival rate of common carp Rajadanu strain (P>0.05). The best growth was achieved by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 6-7 (length = 0.38 cm; weight = 0.17 g). The highest survival was attained by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 5-6 (90.66%).

scholarly journals Panjang Karapas dan Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik Kepiting Bakau (Scylla serrata) yang diberi Jenis Pakan Berbeda di Area Ekowisata Kampung Kepiting, Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ni Desak Putu Ida Suryani ◽  
Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro ◽  
Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Coastal Vegetation ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Critical Components

Mangrove forest is tropical coastal vegetation that grow on muddy and sandy soils which affected by sea tides. One of important commercial species that live in mangrove ecosystem is the mud crab (Scylla serrata). Feed and water quality have been considered as critical components for supporting the growth both of weight and carapace length of this species. This study was conducted from January to February 2017 in the area of ??Ecotourism Kampung Kepiting, Bali. The influence of different natural feed such as Jerbung shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis), Mollusca, lemuru fish (Sardinella lemuru) and sea worms (Nereis sp.) on the growth performance of the mud crab were investigated. Water quality parameter data such as pH, DO, temperature, salinity and ammonium were also collected. The obtained data were analyzed by using variance analysis of Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21. The result showed that the use of different types of feed have no effect on  the length of carapace, but it has significantly influence on  the specific growth rate of mud crab. Finally, different types of the given feeding were still resulted in the save range of water quality parameters for mud crab culture.

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