scholarly journals Genetic Selection for Resistance to Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Meat Goats and Hair Sheep through a Performance Test with Artificial Infection of Haemonchus contortus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Yoko Tsukahara ◽  
Terry A. Gipson ◽  
Steven P. Hart ◽  
Lionel Dawson ◽  
Zaisen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Internal parasitism has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in many areas such as the southcentral USA. Among the different approaches and management practices to cope with internal parasitism, genetic selection for internal parasite resistance is recognized as one with considerable potential long-term impact. A central performance test with artificial infection of Haemonchus contortus for selection of growing meat goats and hair sheep for breeding to increase resistance to internal parasitism and on-farm selection of females was conducted for 3 years. The results varied considerably among breeds of goats and flocks of sheep. Spanish goats and St. Croix sheep maintained relatively low fecal egg count (FEC) each year, whereas for goats categorized as being of high resistance and Dorper sheep FEC decreased with advancing year. Packed call volume (PCV) and total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were not strongly related to FEC. Genetic parameters varied between the two species, which might be related to previous selection pressure exerted for parasite resistance. Heritability of FEC was higher in goats than sheep. The genetic correlation between FEC and IgM and IgG was negative for both species, which suggests possible genetic association. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between ADG and FEC were nonsignificant for both species. In conclusion, different relationships of FEC and PCV between species require careful attention during selection and the lack of relationship between ADG and FEC suggests that selection of growing male meat goats and hair sheep for resistance to internal parasitism will not adversely affect growth performance.

PSXIV-18 Genetic improvement for resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in growing meat goats and hair sheep through a centralized performance test in the southcentral USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 493-493
Author(s):  
Arthur L Goetsch ◽  
Yoko Tsukahara ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Steven P Hart ◽  
Lionel J Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Progress from selecting meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral United States for resistance to internal parasitism during three consecutive central performance tests was evaluated. Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection of growing males with Haemonchus contortus larvae. There were 44, 50, and 50 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish goats and 54, 55, 34, and 47 Dorper, Katahdin-farm-A, Katahdin-farm-B, and St. Croix sheep, respectively. In year 1, males were randomly selected and in years 2 and 3 were progeny of sires and females classified as highly and moderately resistant. Criteria for males was average daily gain and residual feed intake during the performance test and means of fecal egg count (FEC) and packed cell volume after artificial infection and for females was FEC and FAMACHA on-farm. There were interactions in FEC of breed×year (P < 0.001) for both species (1,046; 1,134; and 2,630 for Boer; 3,781; 1,239; and 1,216 for Kiko; 1,303; 1,357; and 1,464 for Spanish; 3,288; 1,956; and 1,315 for Dorper; 1,528; 1,759; and 2,241 for Katahdin-A, 2,414; 3,874; and 1,793 for Katahdin-B; and 1,371; 1,160; and 1,175 eggs/g for St. Croix in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) and year×resistance group (RG; P = 0.005) for goats (1,359; 610, and 552 for high; 1,951; 1,268; and 1,440 for moderate; 2,821; 1,852; and 3,118 eggs/g for low RG in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively) but not for sheep (P = 0.639). In conclusion, resistance appeared greatest for Spanish and St. Croix within species and was increased by selection of Kiko and Dorper. For highly resistant goats, lower FEC in year 2 and 3 vs. 1, compared with no year differences for moderate and low RG, indicates selection progress, and the lack of similar differences for sheep may reflect their relatively greater resistance.

PSXIV-19 Heritability for growth and resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in meat goats and hair sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 492-493
Author(s):  
Yoko Tsukahara ◽  
Terry A Gipson ◽  
Steven P Hart ◽  
Lionel J Dawson ◽  
Zaisen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Hair Sheep ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Meat Goat ◽  
Variance Estimates ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Genetic selection for resistance to internal parasitism is of great research interest. Heritabilities were determined for average daily gain (ADG), logarithmic transformed fecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), and serum immunoglobin (Ig) levels of growing male meat goats and hair sheep from different farms in the southcentral USA during three consecutive central performance tests (CPT). Tests entailed 7–10 wk of data collection after artificial infection with Haemonchus contortus. In year 1, animals evaluated were selected randomly and in years 2 and 3 progeny of CPT sires classified as highly or moderately resistant, which included 46, 50, and 51 Boer, Kiko, and Spanish and 59, 61, 34, and 46 Dorper, Katahdin-farm A, Katahdin-farm B, and St. Croix, respectively. Females were classified accordingly on-farm based on FEC and FAMACHA. Pedigree records consisted of 32 and 57 known sires, 95 and 152 known dams including 4 and 10 full-sibs and 97 and 149 half-sibs for goats and sheep, respectively. Variance components and heritabilities were estimated by AIREML using WOMBAT with a multivariate animal model. Heritability estimates were 0.48 ± 0.214 and 0.85 ± 0.157 of ADG, 0.31 ± 0.237 and 0.20 ± 0.172 of FEC, 0.60 ± 0.206 and 0.24 ± 0.185 of PCV, 0.26 ± 0.172 and 0.51 ± 0.167 of IgA, 0.335 and 0.543 of IgM, and 0.14 ± 0.192 and 0.31 ± 0.190 of IgG for goats and sheep, respectively. Reasons for relatively high heritabilities for all traits include the low residual variance estimates due primarily to a standardized environment in the performance test. In conclusion, moderate to high heritabilities were found for growth performance and response to parasite infection for growing meat goat and hair sheep males under a standardized environment that suggests considerable for genetic improvement through selection.

Variation in resistance to haemonchosis: selection of female sheep resistant to Haemonchus contortus

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Hooda ◽  
C.L. Yadav ◽  
S.S. Chaudhri ◽  
B.S. Rajpurohit
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Pepsinogen ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts ◽  
Female Sheep ◽  
Eosinophil Counts ◽  
Selection Of

Seventy female lambs (6–7 months old) which were exposed to natural infections of Haemonchus contortus were designated as responders or non-responders on the basis of 10 weekly cumulative faecal egg counts. Selected responder and non-responder lambs were treated with ivermectin, housed separately and 6 weeks post-housing, seven lambs from each group were given a trickle infection of Haemonchus contortus at 1000 L3 daily for 5 days per week up to 2 weeks and examined weekly for 10 weeks after first infection. Analysis of data revealed significantly lower mean faecal egg counts and non-significantly less weight loss in responder than non-responder lambs. Mean values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total serum protein and peripheral eosinophil counts were significantly higher in responders than non-responders. In contrast, serum pepsinogen concentration was significantly less in responders than in non-responders. At 10 weeks post-infection, there were fewer pathological lesions and significantly lower worm burdens in responders than in non-responders. These results demonstrate a distinct resistance in responders to Haemonchus contortus infection.

The challenge of genetic selection for heat tolerance: the dairy cattle example

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Carabaño
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heat Loads ◽  
Selection Of

Exposure of livestock to high heat loads negatively affects animal’s productivity. Genetic selection for heat tolerance using quantitative approaches has been developed by making use of the milk recording information merged with the meteorological information in the test date. The main conclusions of the studies following this approach have been that there is genetic variability in the response to heat stress (HS), that a genotype by environment interaction between thermal comfort and HS conditions exists and that there is a genetic antagonism between HS tolerance and high milk production. This approach has the advantage of adding no extra costs to the existing milk recording schemes, but it has some disadvantages. Current milk recording information does not seem to fully capture the productive response to high heat loads. Moreover, the antagonism between heat tolerance and high milk production may offset the benefits of selection for this trait if heat-tolerant animals are less productive. The use of new tools from phenomics, genomics and transcriptomics can help in achieving an accurate selection of heat-tolerant animals without damaging progress in milk production. New phenotypes for this selection are measure of body temperature and respiration rates together with measures of indicators of heat tolerance in milk, through the use of mid IR spectroscopy. The use of commercial DNA chips to perform genome wide association studies or comparison of whole genome DNA sequence of animals of heat adapted and temperate climate breeds could also provide useful genomic information. Finally, RNA sequencing together with the recent discovery of the possibility to use the milk transcriptome instead of tissue biopsies could help to discover differentially expressed genes under HS and thermoneutrality. The existence of powerful tools to achieve better phenotypes to identify tolerantv. susceptible animals and to gain insights about the genetic mechanisms underlying HS response to be able to disentangle the genetic puzzle of heat tolerance may make possible the selection of heat-tolerant and still productive animals.

Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultze ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Ant System ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document